Basic origami shapes diagrams for preschoolers. Basic forms

). Today we will tell you what the main basic forms origami.

The basis of any schemes origami, simple or complex, there are certain initial forms, a kind of blanks, from which the folding of the figures begins. Knowing the basic shapes, you can come up with an origami figure yourself that will become a work of art.

Knowledge of the basics is also necessary in order not to overload the diagrams (especially for complex figures) with additional steps of the same type.

Any origami figure consists of square sheets of a certain size (you choose the size at your discretion, unless otherwise indicated in the diagram). All basic forms are formed the same way at the initial stage. From a triangle, basic shapes such as double “triangle”, “pancake”, “fish”, “ kite" From a square they make a double square, a “bird” and a “frog”. From the rectangular “book” shape, “house”, “door” and “catamaran” are obtained.

Simple basic origami shapes "triangle" and "double triangle"

“Triangle” is the easiest shape to fold. The square sheet is folded diagonally. To do this, arrange the square in a diamond shape and lower the top corner, aligning it with the bottom corner. You can bend it either “mountain” or “valley” (carefully study the diagrams). You should end up with an isosceles triangle.

"Double triangle" - has two triangular planes and is made from a simple basic triangle shape. Bend (i.e. bend, then straighten) the square sheet along two diagonals and turn it over. Then, matching the top and bottom sides, fold the square in half. Pressing on the middle of the square, bend the side triangles inward. Swap the triangles by flipping the shape. The double triangle can also be made in reverse order. First, bend the square in half, turn it over to the other side, and then bend it along the diagonals. All that remains is to fold the sides inward and down.

Basic origami pancake shape

Basic form of origami - damn

Fold the square sheet in half along two diagonals. In turn, fold each corner towards the center so that they touch.

Basic origami kite shape

Basic origami shapes - kite

Having arranged a square sheet of paper in a diamond shape, mark a line by bending and straightening it diagonally into a “valley” (fold-fold). It remains to fold the sides from the top of the corner to the diagonal line.

Basic fish shape

The basic shape of origami is a fish.

This form is made from the basic form "". First, bend the square along two diagonals. Then fold the top sides to the center fold line. Do the same with the bottom part, using a “kite” shape in both cases. Pinch the side corners by folding them in half along the diagonal line. Bend the corners upward, thereby closing the figure along the lines of the diamond away from you. Lift the bottom corner up and flip the shape over.

Basic frog shape

The basic shape of origami is a frog.

Basic form of origami_frog Fig. 2

Made from the basic “double triangle” figure. Fold one of the corners, aligning the bottom side with the fold line. Fold the corner over again, now aligning the side with the fold line. You will end up with a pocket that needs to be opened and flattened. Aligning the lower sides with the fold line, bend the middle part. Raise the bottom corner along the marked lines. All these actions must be done with each corner. Then fold the raised corners down on each plane and flip over. Raise the corners in four planes. As you already understood, all of the above basic shapes come from a simple basic triangle shape. Let's look at the basic shapes based on the square.

Simple basic square shape

The basic shape of origami is a square

Fold a square sheet of paper diagonally to form a triangle, which must be bent “valley” to the right. Then bend the top corner “mountain” to the left. Turn over and repeat the procedure, i.e. first make a “valley” fold, then a “mountain” fold.

Basic double square shape

The basic shape of origami is a double square.

Fold a square sheet of paper diagonally, matching opposite corners. Turn the sheet over and fold the square in half twice, matching the opposite sides. Then fold the paper along the marked lines in the direction of the folds. To do this, bend the side squares inward, folding them in half and lowering the upper part downwards from you. You will end up with two visible square planes.

Basic bird shape

The basic shape of origami is a bird

Perform the basic double square shape. Then fold the product, lowering the sides from the opening corner to the fold line. Bend the side parts of the product inward. Bend the closed “blind” corner and repeat the same on the other side. All that remains is to raise the lower corners up.

Simple basic book and door shapes

Basic origami shapes - book and door

“Book” - fold a square sheet of paper in half, aligning the sides.

“Door” - to divide a square piece of paper into two equal parts and determine the center, fold it in half (a simple basic “book” shape). Fold the sides one by one to the fold line.

Basic shape "house"

The basic shape of origami is a house

Fold a square sheet of paper into a “book” shape. Aligning the short sides, bend the resulting rectangle in half. Fold the sides (“door”) to the marked center line. Then you need to open and flatten the side pockets on both sides.

Basic shape "catamaran"

The basic form of origami is a catamaran

Fold the basic "door" shape. Then turn it over and fold it in half. The next step is to fold the bottom part. Aligning the top sides with the sides that rise from the middle, it is necessary to open and flatten the resulting pockets. Pull the bottom corners to the sides. Turn over and bend the product, aligning the bottom and top sides. By opening the pockets, we get a kind of double (or catamaran).

Origami (translated from Japanese as “folded paper”) is the ancient art of folding various shapes from paper without the use of scissors or glue. There are many versions of where exactly the origami technique originated. Presumably in Ancient China, where paper was invented, but one can say for sure that it developed and became an entire art form in Japan.

Since ancient times, origami has played a wide variety of roles in the life of the Japanese; at first it was used as a decoration for wedding ceremonies and ritual processions. For a long time Only representatives of the upper classes knew the technique of folding paper. And only after the Second World War, origami went beyond the East and became available to everyone.

IN different countries the origami technique has acquired different meanings: for the Japanese it has become part of a cultural tradition, for the British and Americans it has become a type of club activity, for the Dutch it has become a culture of interior decoration.

In Russia, origami has found application in the field of education and leisure. Paper folding not only develops the hemispheres of the brain and fine motor skills, but also has beneficial influence on the human psyche. Origami promotes concentration, develops memory and imagination.

There are various types origami, which have their own special names.

Types of origami

Simple origami. This technique uses only two folds, called "mountain" and "valley".

Origami from a scan. It is a drawing on which all the lines of the necessary bends have already been drawn. When assembled, the result is a three-dimensional and very realistic model. This technique is most often used when creating animal figurines.

Wet origami. The youngest technology, it appeared a little over 20 years ago. Using wet origami, you can make almost any shape out of paper. But special paper impregnated with glue is used.

Quilling or paper rolling. This is a fairly simple but labor-intensive technique. Thin rolled strips of paper are used to create geometric shapes, they are glued to the edge of the paper to the base, and a whole picture is obtained.

Kirigama. This is the only technique that uses scissors. Made for postcards with three-dimensional elements.

Monegami. Origami folded from banknotes.

It is made up of several identical figures called modules. These modules come in various shapes: square, rectangular, triangular. Assembles without the use of glue or threads.

Kusudama. This is a three-dimensional spherical figure. As a rule, it consists of several modules that are glued together, and more often sewn together into a ball shape. Initially it had ritual significance, however, in our time it is a souvenir and interior decoration.

Basics of modular origami technique

In this article I suggest you master the main element modular origami, from which you can subsequently create a variety of figures and models of varying complexity.

Sometimes the modular origami technique is mistakenly classified as a kusudama technique, but this is incorrect because the kusudama elements are stitched or glued, and in modular origami they are inserted into each other without the use of fastenings. Thus, modular figures you can create without any glue, having only paper on hand.

Let's try to learn how to fold the modules from which a spherical kusudama flower is formed.

Triangular module assembly diagram

The modules are made from a rectangular sheet (A4 sheet is perfect).

Memo: For modular origami, it is better to choose fairly thick paper.

Fold the leaf in half lengthwise.

We bend it in half again, but this time across (this fold is necessary to mark the middle, so after bending, bend it back).

In the middle you can see the fold line, which we will focus on.

Now, according to the principle, we bend the edges of the sheet to the intended middle at a right angle, like the wings of a paper airplane.

Turn the leaf over and fold the bottom part up along the edge of the triangle.

We bend the corners beyond the edges of the large triangle.

Bend the lower part back, leaving the corners bent.

We fold the corners inward so that they are not visible, and bend the trapezoidal parts upward.

Now we fold this triangle in half. We now have the original module.

To fold the flower, we need corners and pockets.

The pocket is the same corner, only on the reverse side. On the other side of the corner there are pockets into which the corners will be inserted. Any figure using the kusudama technique is made up of triangular modules, which are inserted into each other.

Each row is assembled using two corners (one corner from two different modules) placed in the pockets of the third module.

Also in the scheme there is doubling of modules (to give the shape of a ball); for this, only one corner is placed in the third module, and the second pocket remains empty.

And in next row The module is put on as usual, on the corners of two different modules.

By adding modules in a row in this way, you can get a spherical shape, from which, in turn, you can put together various figures, for example, a swan, a dragon, etc., which will be discussed in more detail in the following master classes.

1.Basic shape “Triangle”	p.3
2. Basic form “Door”	p.4
3. Basic form "Kite"	p.5
4. Basic form “Pancake”	p.6
5. Basic form “Double House”	p.7
6. Basic shape “Double Square”	p.8
7. Basic shape “Double Triangle”	p.9
8. Basic form “Catamaran”	p.10
9. Basic shape “Fish”	p.12
10. Basic form “Bird”	p.14
11. Basic form “Frog”	p.17

Basic shape "Triangle"

Before folding, the square can be arranged with a “window”, when the bottom and top lines are horizontal (running from left to right), and the right and left lines are vertical (running from top to bottom).
The square can also be placed in a “diamond” shape so that one of the corners points down.

1. Arrange the square in a diamond shape. Raise the bottom corner, aligning it with the top corner.

2. The resulting workpiece has the shape of an isosceles right triangle.
When folding the figures, the basic triangle shape can be positioned in different ways. The usual position is when the bottom side is the largest, that is, the base of an isosceles triangle. The triangle can also be positioned at a right angle downwards. This not entirely familiar position gave another name to this basic form - “kerchief”.

Basic form "Door"

1. Fold the square over, matching opposite sides.

2. Lower the sides to the fold line.

3. The basic shape is similar to elevator doors or double doors, so it is called "door" (preferred) or "cabinet".

Basic form "Kite"

1. Arrange the square in a diamond shape. Fold it diagonally.

2. Lower the top sides from the top of the top corner to the fold line.

3. The basic shape really does resemble a kite. But these days it has acquired another name - “ice cream”. Turn the base shape at a right angle upwards and you will see a “sugar straw”.

Basic form "Pancake"

1. Fold the square in half diagonally or twice like a book, marking the center of the square at the intersection of the fold lines.

2. Lower all corners one by one to the center of the square.

3. The basic pancake shape is square and does not look like a round pancake at all, but rather resembles an envelope (letter).

Basic form "Double House"

1. Place the square as a “window”. Fold the square in half, matching opposite sides.

2. Fold the rectangle in half, lining up the short sides.

3. Fold the side parts, lowering the short sides to the fold line.

4. Open and flatten the “pocket”.

5. Open and flatten the second “pocket”.

6. The basic form consists of two houses.

Basic shape "Double Square"

This basic shape has two visible square planes, a non-opening ("blind") corner formed in the center of the initial shape (square), and a opening corner located opposite the "blind" and formed by the corners of the square.

1. Fold the square in half twice, matching opposite sides. Turn it over.

2. Fold along diagonals.

3. Fold the side squares in, folding them in half and lowering the top part down away from you.

4. Basic “double square” shape.

Basic shape "Double Triangle"

"Double Triangle" is not the only name for this basic shape. Another name - "water bomb" - comes from the figure from this basic form. The basic "double triangle" shape has two visible triangular planes. A closed (“blind”) corner was formed in the center of the original square.

1. Fold the square diagonally. Turn it over.

2. Fold in half, matching the top and bottom sides.

3. Press down on the center of the square. Bend the side triangles, folding them in half. In this case, the upper part of the square will bend to the other side.

4. Flip over the figure, swapping corners.

5. Basic “double triangle” shape.

Basic form "Catamaran"

1.Fold the basic “door” shape. Turn it over.

2. Bend the piece in half.

3. Fold the bottom over.

4. Open the “pockets” and flatten them, aligning the top sides with the sides raised from the middle and pulling the bottom corners out to the sides.

5. It turns out to be a boat. Turn it over.

6. Fold over, matching the bottom and top sides.

7. Open the “pockets” to create a second boat.

8. The basic form is in the form of a double boat - “catamaran”.

Basic shape "Fish"

1. Flip the basic kite shape

2. Bend, matching the top and bottom corners. Turn.

3. Pull the pocket corner up.

4. Extend the corner of the other “pocket”.

5. The resulting blank - a short version of the basic "fish" shape - turns into long version. Raise one bottom corner.

6. Turn over.

7. Basic “fish” shape.

Basic form "Bird"

1. Fold the sides from the opening corner to the fold line.

2. Bend the “blind” corner.

3. Unbend the corners.

4. Lift the bottom part up, grabbing one layer of paper and holding the blind corner.

5. In this case, the side parts will be in the center.

6. Half of the basic “bird” shape is ready. Turn it over.

7. Bend the blind and side corners.

8. Open the “pocket” by pulling the bottom part up.

9. The basic “bird” shape has a “blind” corner, two wing corners and two leg corners. The basic shape received this name because it can be folded various models birds.
The basic “bird” shape has two types: long (Fig. 9) and short. Short version It turns out if you lower the upper wing corners. You can arrive at the short version in another way.

10. Fold over the basic double square shape, bringing the sides down from the flared corner to the fold line. Bend the side parts inward.

11. Repeat on the other side.

12. A short version of the basic “bird” shape can easily be turned into a long one.

Basic form "Frog"

1. Fold the first square, lowering the upper sides from the “blind” corner to the fold line.

2. Open and flatten the “pocket” between the layers of paper

3. Flip.

4. Open another “pocket”. Flatten two more “pockets” using steps 1-4.

5. Fold the bottom sides to the fold line.

6. Bending the side corners, pull the corner up from the middle of the side.

7. Repeat steps according to Figures 5-6 in each plane.

8. The basic “frog” shape has blind and opening corners and four elongated corners - one on each plane.

Methodological material for the lesson

Epigraph

“I’ve been looking at you with loving eyes for a long time
To the ancient art of origami.
There is no need for wizards and magicians here,
There is nothing special here,
Do you need to take a piece of paper?
And try to put something together!”
(Kiseleva N.D.) Origami (Japanese - folded paper) is a type of decorative and applied art; ancient art of folding
paper figures. The art of origami has its roots
goes back to Ancient China, where paper was invented.
But for the most part this art developed in Japan.
Classic origami prescribes the use
one sheet of paper without using glue or scissors.
There is a certain set of conventional signs,
necessary to draw a diagram
folding even the most complex product. Bigger
Some conventional signs were put into practice in
mid-20th century by the famous Japanese master Akira
Yoshizawa.

1. “Triangle” shape

1. Arrange the square in a diamond shape.
Raise the bottom corner, aligning
it with the top corner.
2. The resulting workpiece has the shape
isosceles rectangular
triangle.
When folding the figures, the basic
triangle shape can
positioned differently. Habitual
position - when the bottom side
the largest, that is, the base
isosceles triangle.
A triangle can also be
located at a right angle downwards. This
not quite the usual position gave
another name for this basic form is
"kerchief"

2. Kite form

1. Place the square
"diamond". Bend it over
diagonals.
2. Lower the top sides from
vertices of the upper corner to the line
inflection.
3. The basic shape is really
resembles a kite. But
these days she has acquired and
another name -
"ice cream". Turn
basic right angle shape
up and you will see the "sugar
straw."

3. Door shape

1. Fold the square
combining opposites
sides.
2. Lower the sides to the line
inflection.
3. The basic shape is similar to
elevator doors or
double door wardrobe,
that's why they call her
"door" (preferred)
or "closet".

4. Pancake shape

1. Fold the square in half along
diagonals, marking the center
square at the intersection
bend lines.
2. Lower all corners one by one
to the center of the square.
3. Basic pancake shape
has a square shape and
doesn't look round at all
damn, but rather reminiscent
envelope (letter).

5. “Double House” form

1. Place the square
"window". Bend a square
in half, combining
opposite sides.
2. Fold the rectangle
in half, combining short
sides.
3. Fold the side parts,
lowering the short sides to
inflection lines.
4. Unfold and flatten
"pocket".
5. Open and flatten the second
"pocket".
6. The basic form consists of two
houses.

6. Double triangle shape

"Double Triangle" is not the only name for this basic shape.
Another name - “water bomb” - comes from the figure from this
basic form. The basic "double triangle" shape has two visible
triangular planes. A closed (“blind”) corner has formed in the center
original square.
1. Fold the square diagonally.
Turn it over.
2. Fold in half, matching
top and bottom sides.
3. Press down on the center of the square.
Concave the side triangles,
folding them in half. At the same time
the top of the square will bend to
the other side.
4. Flip through the figure, changing
corners in places.
5. Basic form "double"
triangle".

7. Double Square Shape

This basic form has two visible
square planes, non-opening (“blind”)
the angle formed at the center of the initial shape
(square), and a drop-down corner located
opposite “deaf” and formed by angles
square.
1. Fold the square twice
in half, combining
opposite sides.
Turn it over.
2. Fold along diagonals.
3. Bend the side squares,
folding them in half and
lowering the top down from
myself.
4. Basic form "double"
square".

8. Fish shape

Basic shape folds
based on basic form
"kite".
1. Flip the base shape
"kite".
2. Bend, matching the vertices
lower and upper corners.
Turn.
3. Pull out the pocket corner
up.
4. Pull out the corner of the other
"pocket".

Fish shape (continued)

1. The resulting workpiece -
short version of the basic
fish shapes -
turns into a long one
option. Pick one up
bottom corner.
2. Turn over.
3. Basic fish shape.

9. “Catamaran” shape

1. Fold the basic shape
"door". Turn it over.
2. Bend the piece in half.
3. Fold the bottom over.
4. Open the “pockets” and
flatten them by combining
top sides
sides raised
from the middle, and pulling
bottom corners to the sides.

Form "Catamaran" (continued)

1. It turns out to be a boat.
Turn it over.
2. Fold, combining
bottom and top sides.
3. Open your “pockets”
getting a second boat.
4. Basic form in the form
double boat -
"catamaran".

10.Bird shape

The basic "bird" shape is folded on the base
basic “double square” shape.
1. Bend the sides away from
drop-down angle to
inflection lines.
2. Bend the “blind” corner.
3. Unbend the corners.
4. Lift up the bottom
part, capturing one layer
paper and holding
"blind" corner.
5. In this case, the side parts
will be in the center.

Bird Shape (continued)

1. Half of the basic form
The "bird" is ready. Turn it over.
2. Bend the “blind” and side
corners.
3. Open the “pocket” by pulling
bottom up.
4. The basic bird shape has
“blind” corner, two wing corners and
two corner legs. Basic form
got this name because
from it you can add various
bird models.
The basic bird shape has two
types: long and short.
The short version is obtained if
lower the upper wing corners.

Making basic shapes on a sheet of cardboard

Options for technological maps of products (step-by-step execution)

Wonderful origami crafts

Contact information

Soroka Natalya Pavlovna,
teacher MDK.02.04
"Workshop on HOM"
SPb GBPOU "Pedagogical
College No. 8"
Email:
Good luck in your creativity!

Basic origami forms are the basis of all paper figures made using this technique. It will be very cool if your child learns to fold such “semi-finished products.” But putting them together just for the sake of learning is boring. They will be remembered themselves in the process of working on models, for which these basic forms will serve as the basis. Here we will look at quite complex basic origami shapes: Basic origami shape “Double Triangle” Basic origami shape “Fish” Basic origami shape “Catamaran” Basic origami shape “Square” Basic origami shape “Bird”

You can see other, simpler models in the article “Basic origami forms for children 4-6 years old.”

Basic origami form “Double triangle” for children from 6 years old

Place the square in front of you, colored side down. Fold the square diagonally and straighten it. We repeat the same action in the other direction.

Turn the sheet over so that the colored side is facing up. Fold the sheet in half, connecting the top and bottom sides of the square. Let's straighten the sheet.

We have all the lines necessary for folding. Let's add our figure according to them. She herself will strive to take the desired form.

The basic form of origami “Double Triangle” is ready. Usually in the literature on origami there is another way of folding this basic model. But our experience suggests that the method described above is easier for children to do. Despite this, we present a diagram of the second folding method. Perhaps you will find it more interesting.

Folding diagram of the basic origami form “Double Triangle”. Tables of symbols adopted in origami will help you “read” the diagram correctly.

Basic origami form “Fish” for children aged 7-8 years

We present two ways to fold this basic origami shape.

The first option for folding the basic “Fish” shape

General diagram of folding the basic form of origami “Fish” (first option).

Now we’ll show you in detail how this is done.

Fold the square of paper diagonally and unfold it to mark the middle line.

Fold two edges to the middle line - we get the basic “Kite” shape.

Let's bend the figure back, matching the opposite corners. For convenience, you can turn the figure over. The picture also shows a rear view.

Let's open the “pockets”.

Now let’s “flip” one of the two triangles from right to left. Let's turn the figure over.

The basic form of origami “Fish” is ready.

The second option for folding the basic “Fish” shape

General diagram of folding the basic form of origami “Fish” (second option)

1. Fold the square diagonally and unfold it.

2. Fold the upper sides to the marked line. Let's expand the figure.

3. Repeat the operation, folding the lower sides towards the middle.

4. Fold the square diagonally down, turning it into a triangle and unfold it too. We ended up with a whole network of lines outlined by folding.

Let's start folding along the marked lines. To do this, grab the edges of the model with the thumb and forefinger of both hands, squeezing two layers of paper at once, and bring them to the middle. The basic origami “Fish” model is ready.

Basic form of origami “Catamaran” for children from 8 years old

1. Fold the square diagonally and unfold it. Let's repeat the same thing in the other direction. We get two lines outlined by folds.

2. Now let's outline two more folds. To do this, fold the square in half in two directions and straighten it.

3. Let's outline four more lines. To do this, fold the corners to the middle of the square, and then unfold it.

4. All lines are outlined. We begin, in fact, by folding the basic shape. Fold the sides towards the center.

5. Now fold the top and bottom sides of the resulting rectangle towards the center.

6. The most difficult part remains. From the inside, you need to take the corner of the top layer of paper with your fingers and pull it to the side until it stops.

We do this with all four corners.

The basic form of origami “Catamaran” is ready.

Basic form of origami “Square” for children from 6-7 years old

1. Place a square of paper in front of you, colored side down. Fold the square in half, connecting the top and bottom sides. Let's straighten it back out. Now fold and open in the same way, but connecting the sides.

2. Turn the figure over so that the square is the colored side up. Fold it diagonally and straighten it.

3. We have marked all the necessary folding lines. Now the figure will fold itself along them; it only needs a little help.

The basic origami “Square” shape is ready. As with the basic “Double Triangle” shape, there is an alternative folding method. We provide only a diagram for it. Try both methods and decide for yourself which you like better.

Folding diagram of the basic origami “Square” shape. Tables of symbols adopted in origami will help you “read” the diagram correctly.

Basic origami form “Bird” for children 10-12 years old

The Basic Bird Shape is built on the Basic Square Shape (see above). Fold into a basic “Square” shape. Place the model in front of you so that the side that “opens” faces up.

Fold the sides towards the center. Fold only the top layers of paper.

Return the paper to its original position. Now take one layer of paper by the upper corner and pull it down, while folding the figure along the lines outlined in the previous step.

Turn the figure over and repeat the operation on the other side.

Basic origami form “Bird”

General diagram of folding the basic form of origami “Bird”

Origami is an ancient art that came to us from Japan. Now millions of children and adults around the world are interested in origami.

Try to create your own collection of funny figures, toys and entire compositions that will become a worthy decoration for your interior.

But don’t rush to immediately choose beautiful but complex models, start with simple models. And then go to complex models and to modular origami.

Having learned it yourself, involve your children, family and friends in this. After all, things made with your own hands are always highly valued.

You can give beautifully made models, especially flowers, to your family and friends.

Gather required tools and materials necessary for origami.

Basic Paper Folding Techniques

Surely you can’t wait to quickly start making the beautiful models posted on our website or those that you saw on other sites, but take your time, let’s first understand the basic technical techniques of origami.

Get acquainted with simple symbols that explain the principle of folding any product using the origami technique. This is a kind of origami language, having learned which you can easily fold not only the figures proposed in this book, but also thousands of others. Most symbols was introduced into practice in the mid-20th century by the famous Japanese master Akira Yoshizawa. In recent decades, several new ones have been added to them.

Useful advice from an experienced master

The paper must be folded on a smooth, level surface. The free space should be enough to completely accommodate a sheet of paper and still have a small margin of space. Do not twist the figure in your hands or turn it unnecessarily - otherwise you will get confused, especially when folding complex models.

Methods and techniques for folding figures are presented in the diagrams using lines, arrows and auxiliary signs. Sometimes one picture shows not one, but several actions. You can always check the correctness of their implementation using the following figure. In order to get acquainted with origami techniques, prepare several small squares, follow the steps indicated in the pictures on the left, checking the result according to the pictures on the right. As a matter of fact, there are only two main ways to fold paper - either make a concave fold on it (“valley”), in which a corner, edge or pocket is in front, or a convex (“mountain”), in which part of the paper goes to the front. back side leaf. All other methods of folding paper are simply derivatives of two basic techniques. So, always fold the paper as shown in the figure, while trying to make the folds firm and sharp. Remember: the straighter and sharper the fold, the greater the chance that the finished model will be correct and attractive in appearance. Never rush to finish a figurine. Origami should not be work for you, but relaxation. Remember to relax and do not take failures to heart if they happen to you. Better take a new sheet of paper, smile and start over.

Origami symbols and notations

Basic origami shapes. Manufacturing

Since ancient times, there have been some forms in origami that are considered basic. These are standard, easy-to-fold blanks, from which you can subsequently create hundreds of different figures.

The folding of many origami figures begins with well-known simple structures called vase shapes. There are not many of them - about a dozen. All of them are obtained from a square sheet of paper using simple techniques. For folding flowers using the origami technique, the basic shapes “square” and “hat” are most often used. These forms need to be studied as carefully as the basic folding methods and techniques discussed above. You must master them and make each basic workpiece automatically, knowing each of its folds and sequence of operations. Without knowledge of these basic forms, no one can seriously engage in the art of origami; they are for origami artists what scales are for musicians. However, not all figures in modern origami are made from a square sheet of paper; some are made from regular polygons - pentagons and hexagons. Having mastered the production of basic forms, you will successfully fold not only the figures given in this book, but also your own.

The basic shape is "square". Manufacturing

This basic shape has two visible planes, a closed "blind" corner formed in the center of the original shape (square), and an opening corner located opposite the "blind" corner.

1. First, fold the square along two diagonals, matching opposite corners.

3. Fold in opposite corners, folding them in half.

4. Smooth out creases. As a result, you have a basic origami “square” shape.

The basic "hat" or "water bomb" shape. Manufacturing

The “hat” has two triangular planes. A closed “blind” corner is formed in the center of the original square.

1. First, fold the square along two diagonals, matching opposite corners.

3. Press from below into the center of the square. Bend the side triangles, folding them in half.

4. So, the basic “hat” or “water bomb” shape is ready.

To make flowers, you need to have a regular pentagon and a regular hexagon as a base. How to make them? We'll tell you.

Pentagon based on a square. Manufacturing

Cutting a symmetrical, neat pentagon is not as easy as it seems. The easiest way: using successive techniques, fold the square and cut off the excess with scissors.

1. Fold the square in half, matching two opposite sides.

2. Make tucks by folding the resulting rectangle in half.

3. Make a tuck on one side, aligning the bottom of the rectangle with the center right tuck. Align the bottom left edge of the rectangle with the imaginary line between the two tucks.

4. Check the result and expand the rectangle, returning to the original square.

5. Fold the square so that the fold line begins at point B, and point A touches the edge of the sheet - place points D and C, as shown in the figure.

6. Fold the resulting figure so that point B touches the central fold line (made in step 1), 6 place point E at this place.

7. Fold the left edge of the figure into a mountain.

8. Using a ruler and pencil, connect points E and D. Cut with scissors along the marked line. Open the figure completely - you get a regular pentagon.

Hexagon based on a square. Manufacturing

A hexagon is made in much the same way as a pentagon.

1. Fold the square sheet in half, aligning two opposite sides.

2. Fold the resulting rectangle in half, as shown in the figure.

3. Right side align the rectangle with the center fold line

4. Fold the rectangle so that the lower right corner A touches the fold line made in step 3.

5. Check the result and fold the right edge into a “mountain”, with corner B aligned with corner C.

6. Using a ruler and pencil, check the horizontal line connecting corners B and A.

7. Using scissors, cut off the top of the shape along the marked line.

8. Open the resulting figure. The regular hexagon is ready.

What materials and tools are needed for origami

Origami flowers. Chamomile

Basic origami shapes

At the initial stage, many origami figures are folded the same way, that is, they have one base - a basic shape. Combining figures according to basic forms systematizes a huge number of models and contributes to more successful dating with origami.

You should definitely pay attention to this section and try to remember how the main basic forms look. Many novice masters often find themselves in a stupor at the initial stages of patterns, precisely because they cannot determine the type of basic form, or are not even aware of them.

Basic shape "catamaran"

There are several ways to fold the basic catamaran shape based on different basic shapes. This model can hardly be called basic

Basic book form

This is another simplest basic form of origami. Fold the square sheet in half and... and that's it, the basic shape of the door is ready. Don't forget to rest.

Basic bird shape

The basic bird shape is folded over the basic double square shape.

Basic origami triangle shape

One of the simplest basic forms of origami. Its diagram might not have been posted (however, when I wrote this, the diagram was already on the site), but suddenly it appears somewhere in the diagrams.

Basic frog shape

The basic “frog” shape got its name from the figurine from this blank - an inflatable frog.

Basic fish shape

The basic form is formed on the basis of another basic form - “kite”.

Basic double triangle shape

"Double Triangle" is not the only name for this basic shape. Another name - "water bomb" - comes from the origami model of this basic form. At the basic double triangle shape two visible triangular planes. A closed (“blind”) corner was formed in the center of the original square.

Basic double square shape

Basic form of double house

Named because of its appearance, is rarely used but let it be for the sake of completeness of the collection. 🙂

Basic door shape

I also sometimes call this basic form of origami “cabinet” because of its external similarity. I don’t know whether this basic form will be useful to you, but if it exists, it should probably be used in some schemes.

Basic kite shape

The model is also named due to its external resemblance to a classic kite.

Basic pancake shape

Another elementary Basic Form that is very easy to remember due to its simplicity.