Conversation in elementary school on the topic: Winter holidays. Summary of the lesson "Folk traditions and customs" Methods of working on a project with children
Scenario for a thematic conversation for elementary school students “Let's talk about winter folk holidays.”
Matveeva Svetlana Nikolaevna, teacher primary classes MBOU " High school No. 9"
Ulyanovsk.
Job description: I bring to your attention a thematic conversation with primary school students about winter folk holidays, which can be used as a extracurricular activities and classes for schoolchildren, and at classroom hours. This material will be useful to primary school teachers, teachers of after-school groups, kindergarten teachers, teachers of children's health camps and sanatoriums. Thematic conversation is aimed at younger students school age, possibly for preschoolers of preparatory groups.
Target: acquaintance with winter folk holidays.
Tasks:
- clarify children’s knowledge about winter folk holidays;
- broaden the horizons of younger schoolchildren;
- develop cognitive interest and creativity children;
- cultivate respect for the history of your people, for traditions.
Progress of the event
Teacher: Good afternoon, guys and dear adults! Did you know that from Christmas to Maslenitsa itself, winter holidays were celebrated cheerfully in Rus'. What holidays do you know?The children answer.
Teacher: The most beloved and famous folk holidays in Russia, of course, are snowy and frosty Christmas, Christmastide, Epiphany and many others.
It is no secret that all Russian national holidays, without exception, are filled with traditions, rituals and rituals.
Today we will learn about the tradition of mummers, carols, Christmas fortune-telling, as well as the tradition of celebrating holidays and much more.
Here are some winter holidays:
December 12 - (Kolyada Day)
December 25 - (Christmas)
December 31 - January 1 (New Year)
December 25 - January 6 (Christmas time)
Teacher: All modern holidays their roots go back to paganism.
So, for example, Kolyada Day among the ancient Slavs, it was 7 thousand years BC, it fell on the day of the winter solstice. According to legend, Teacher Kolyada descended from the sky, giving the idea of a sacred calendar, talking about the change of day and night, and explaining how time moves.
The winter solstice marked both the beginning of a new life and the renewal of nature. Adults and children jumped over the fire, danced in circles, and boys competed in strength and ingenuity. Daylight hours were increasing, which meant spring was just around the corner.
It is even known that in the 16th century in Rus', with the day winter solstice a special ceremony was associated. So the bell ringer of the Moscow Cathedral, who was responsible for striking the clock, came to bow to the Tsar and reported that from now on the sun had turned to summer, now the day was increasing and the night was shortening. For this good news, the king rewarded the headman with money.
At this time, another multi-day winter holiday was celebrated - Christmastide (or Carols). It began in the last days of December and ended in early January. Christmas time was accompanied magical rituals, on the eve of Christmas, carols were sung, mummers walked around the villages, festive feasts were held in every house, girls told fortunes about their betrothed.
Special songs with wishes for a rich harvest, health, peace and harmony in the family were called - carols. Indispensable participants of the Christmas holidays were, of course, mummers. They dressed up as whoever they wanted.
Teacher: solve the riddles and find out.
Sample riddles:
My outfit is colorful,
My cap is sharp
My jokes and laughter
They make everyone happy.
(Parsley).
He sucks his paw
Sleeps all winter long.
But when spring comes,
Waking up from sleep
And let's roar in the forest...
Everyone calls him...
(Bear).
The wedge flies curly to the south,
Not wanting to meet a blizzard.
Flying around the floor of the Earth,
They rush into the distance -...
(Cranes).
Teacher: They dressed up as bears, cranes, parsleys and others. The mummers, within reasonable limits, were allowed everything, but only so as not to offend the owners of the house.
Perhaps one of the most important Christian holidays is Christmas. It was believed that if a happy person enters the house first at Christmas, then happiness will not leave its walls all year. Christmas was accompanied by colorful folk customs and festivities. These are Carols, and walking with a star, and the trips of mummers. It was here that paganism and Christianity coexisted peacefully with each other.
Sample CAROLS:
Kolyada, Kolyada,
Serve the pie.
Damn it,
pork leg,
A little bit of everything.
Carry it, don't shake it -
Come on, don't break it!
Go-go-go, goat,
Go-go, gray
Oh, Lyuli, Lyuli -
Go-go gray.
We are not going on our own.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli
We are leading a goat.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli...
Like our goat
Yes, from near Moscow.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli...
Yes, from near Moscow.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli
With red hair.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli...
With red hair
With little goats.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli...
Don't go, goat
Near Mikhailovka.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli...
Like in Mikhailovka
All residents are Sagittarius.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli...
They shot a goat
In the right ear.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli...
From the right ear
The yushka started leaking.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli...
Lamentations
- Oh, the goat has fallen, my dear has fallen!
- How? Has the goat fallen?
- So give her some bacon. So that the goat gets up.
Our goat is here
She got up and went.
Oh, lyuli, lyuli...
The carol has arrived
It's Christmas Eve!
The carol has arrived
Open the gate.
Give me the cow
I'm oiling the head!
And God forbid that
Who's in this house?
The rye is thick for him,
Rye is ugly!
Him from the ear of octopus,
From the grain he has a carpet,
Half-grain pie.
The Lord would grant you
And we live and be,
And wealth;
And create for you, Lord,
Even better than that!
Get off the stove
Serve the rolls.
You are a good uncle!
Give me money for the passage!
If you give it away, you won’t give it away,
We'll wait
Stand at the gate!..
Golden head
Silk beard!
Give me some pie
For the sake of the holiday of Christ
At least a fresh pie
At least sour
Yes, some wheat!
Cut it thicker
Give me more!
If only you had a hundred cows
One and a half hundred bulls!
I'd milk you a bucket
All with sour cream!
(During preliminary preparation, children perform some carols).
Teacher: Kolyada- god of celebrations and peace. Kolyada is perhaps one of the most beautiful ancient Christmas rituals, accompanied at Christmas by going around houses with songs, congratulations and wishes for wealth, good health, and a good harvest.
Carols are costumed processions with a star and chants that are still held in rural areas.
The day before, children, and even adults, gathered to carol under the windows of rich peasants, called the owner in songs, repeated the name of Kolyada and asked for money, sweets, etc. Rituals were carried out in the form of fortune telling, dressing up as animals, devils and other evil spirits, practical jokes, accompanied songs and music. Kolyada is the deity of fun, so they invited him, clicked on him new year holidays crowds of young people.
Ovsen, where are you going? Paving bridges!
Who should go? Kolyada to the sovereign!
What should he ride?
On a solar pig!
What to drive?
Piglet!
Teacher: Last day of Christmastide - Shchedrets, famous for its generous gifts and festive feast. The evening was popularly called generous, or rich, which is associated with the custom of cooking rich festive table, where, unlike the Christmas evening, there were always meat dishes. The composition of the mummers is the same as on Kolyada. Carolers approached a house or a crowd of people and sang: “Generous evening! Good evening!". In carol songs, as a rule, they praised the owners, each by name, and wished them well-being in every possible way. If you entered a house, you did a symbolic sowing of grain, wishing the owners happiness, health, and a good harvest:
We sow the snow, we sow,
Happy New Year!
Be born wheat,
Peas, lentils!
On the field in haystacks,
There are pies on the table!
Happy New Year,
With all the family!
May you be healthy
We lived for many years!
Teacher: Then the carolers began “to languish a carol” that is, begging for gifts from the owners, complaining that “we came from afar”, “the goat’s legs hurt” etc. The owners resisted and laughed it off. Then the mummers began singing shchedrovki, some containing comic threats. It was considered a great shame not to give gifts to carolers. The mummers could also send comic curses to such greedy owners:
Give them a hit on the back, Svarozhe!
Destroy them, Father Perun!
Empty bag for them, leaky pot!
Kolyada, Kolyada!
And sometimes there is a carol
Christmas Eve
Kolyada has arrived
Christmas brought.
Teacher: What else do you think was sung about in carols?
The children answer.
Teacher: The owner and hostess were wished for a harvest, the girl and boy were wished to get married. "Kolyada" is the god of festivities. He was depicted as a solar disk with the face of a baby, since on Christmas days “the sun turned to summer.” The cookies that the mummers were treated to were also supposed to be round (symbol of the solar disk). Folk performers sang loudly, with a tense timbre, to hear the echo.
Sample carols:
Kolyada, Kolyada!
And sometimes there is a carol
Christmas Eve
Kolyada has arrived
Christmas brought.
Kolyada, Kolyada,
Give me some pie
Or a loaf of bread,
Or half a buck,
Or a chicken with a crest,
Cockerel with a comb!
Open the chests, owners,
Take out your heels!
Let's give it a penny
To the carolers!
Teacher: Traditionally, children started round dances and carried a star on a stick or pole. When the door was opened, they first showered the owners with grain. If the owners to whom the children came showed greed, then the carol participants could also sing mischievous carols.
Sample mischievous carols:
Won't you give me the pie?
We take the cow by the horns.
If you don't give me some kvass -
We are a pig by the whisky.
Won't you give me a blink -
We are the host in the kick.
Serve, don't break,
Don't snack!
Don't give me the pie -
Let's take the cow by the horns!
Who won't give pie -
That's why a firebrand is born,
Who won't give me meat -
That's why the cat is in the window,
Blind eyes.
Give you, Lord,
One cow
Yes, and that comela,
Milked tar
I would strain it with resin.
Teacher: Everything that the owners gave to the children: money, sweets, etc., the carolers put in a bag and thanked them with songs and poems. Having collected a full bag of gifts, the carolers went home to celebrate the first Veles Day (New Year) in the family circle.
Sample poems and songs:
Good evening to good people!
Let happy holiday will!
Happy New Year,
We wish you happiness and joy!
Generous evening, good evening,
Good health to good people!
On a generous New Year's evening
I wish you all happiness and health!
Teacher: There were even tips that were important to follow during the Christmastide period.
Here are some sample tips:
1. Be present all the time good mood, wish all people happiness, and radiate love and joy.
2. During this period, complete abundance should reign in the house: tables are richly and deliciously set, which will provide next year prosperity, rich harvest, good profit.
3. Spend more time with friends and relatives, then you will be together all year.
4. Invite guests as much as possible more people and welcome them - then the world will be open to you.
5. Give and accept gifts.
6. Do not skimp and do not regret anything, then the Universe will not spare anything for you.
7. Do good deeds, help other people, show charity, take care of nature - this will come back to you.
8. Do not refuse help at this time, especially for children.
Svetlana Klimova
Educational activities for children preparatory group"Folk holidays in Rus'"
Summary of GCD in preparatory group.
Completed: teacher Klimova S.S.
« Folk holidays in Rus'»
Conversation with children about Russians folk holidays(using multimedia).
Target: Create a motivational situation for the formation of ideas children about the values of folk culture.
Educational objectives: to interest children, what holidays are there in Rus'?(Christmas, Christmas fortune-telling, Kolyada, Magpies, Larks, about the customs and traditions of our people, introduce Russian traditions holidays, history of appearance.
Developmental tasks: develop cognitive interest children to the history and traditions of their people, develop speech children, improve coherent speech skills.
Educational tasks: instill love and interest in Russian traditions and customs people, introducing to the origins of spiritual culture, to cultivate a desire, to give gifts to loved ones and friends.
Vocabulary work: custom, good news, carols, roe deer, Christmastide, mummers, carolers.
Material used: Russian hut where OOD is carried out, folk costumes , slides with depicting festive Christmas festivities, Kolyada, Magpies, Larks, calendar national holidays, quiet music, "Ringing of Bells", colored pencils, paper.
Methods and techniques: game moment, artistic expression, viewing slides, conversation, explanation, examination, consolidation, encouragement, summary.
Preliminary work: learning by heart carols, poems about folk holidays, learning Russian folk games, pictures, postcards, reading fiction.
Scope of application: continuous educational activities with children.
Forms and methods of implementation: conversation with children about Russians folk holidays I decided to conduct it in the form of a TV show, because it helps create an atmosphere of psychological comfort and interest children, relaxed communication between children and adults.
Methods and techniques: visual method (slides national holidays, verbal method (conversation about traditions, rituals in Rus', practical method (drawing holiday cards, reception of emotional interest (interview of a child, use of sound effects (bells).
Educator: invites children to go on an unusual journey "History holidays in Rus'» . (Slide 1)
On Rus' people loved and love very much holidays. We enjoyed preparing for the arrival of our guests. Entire families went to visit, greeted with bows, greeted, and kissed those closest to them. They loved and love to treat guests heartily and tasty. They talked: “Help yourself to what God sent you”, “A hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies”,
“Don’t offend the owner, try our dishes”. They sang songs and danced.
Guys, do you love holidays? (answers children)
Why? (answers children)
Which ones do you know holidays? (answers children)
Educator: Well done, I was sure that you knew a lot holidays, which have been known since the time of our ancestors. Who are the ancestors? (answers children) I agree with you, but can I tell you a little more about them. Our ancestors are Russian people, they always revered holidays, that's just celebrated them a little differently, not like us, modern people. Everything in the old days festive the days began with a solemn service in the church, and continued on the lawns, on the streets, in the fields. To the music folk instruments: balalaikas, accordions led round dances, sang, danced, started games. Both with the calendar and with human life are connected folk customs , as well as church sacraments, rituals and holidays. On Rus' the calendar was called a monthly calendar. The month covered the entire year of peasant life, "describing" by day month after month, where each day had its own holidays or weekdays, customs and superstitions, traditions and rituals, natural signs and phenomena. (Slide 2) People dressed up in their best festive clothes(shows illustrations, prepared in a special way holiday treat. The beggars were given gifts, the poor were fed for free, and was heard everywhere festive ringing of bells. Listen to the ringing of the bells. (Recording of bells ringing). (Slide 3) Guys, I also prepared bells for you (the children come up to the tables, take the bells, I suggest they perform their own bell ringing. You see, the work of a bell ringer is unusual and required a lot of skill and ear for music. What do you think? holiday depicted in these illustrations? (Answers children) . On the threshold of a large Christian holiday - Christmas. (Slide 4) One of the most famous and beloved holidays. Why this that's what the holiday is called? (Answers children) .
Listen to my story.
(The lights are turned off, the candles are lit, quiet music sounds. The teacher sits at the table on which the candle is burning. The children sit next to each other in a semicircle.) Educator: Christmas is religious holiday. The word Christmas itself suggests that someone was born. The birth of a child is always good news. According to biblical legend, on January 7, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was born to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the city of Bethlehem.
The news of the birth of Jesus was carried by heavenly angels. The Star of Bethlehem appeared in the sky. Christmas - holiday of believers in Christ. This is the expectation of happiness, peace, home warmth and family harmony.
Reading a poem "Christmas" G. Longfellow.
There is a Christmas haze all around.
Bells ring in the darkness,
And get along with them
The words sound:
“Peace on earth and happiness to all!”.
I felt like on this day
Life of cities and villages,
Having united, the call sounds:
“Peace on earth and happiness to all!”
Guys, what do you expect from this? holiday(answers children)
Educator: That's right, these are gifts for relatives and friends; cards, sweets, souvenirs.
Educator: Our grandparents love this one very much holiday- Christmas. It is also called winter holidays. Christmas time - this is from the word "saint". (Slide 5)
This the holiday was glorified, praised, glorified Christ, the New Year, the future harvest. The boys and girls dressed up animals: goat, bear, unclean force: Babu Yaga, kikimora, etc. They went home in groups, congratulations on holiday, wished the best with special songs - carols.
I know that you prepared carols. Children reciting carols by heart.
Kolyada, Kolyada.
On the eve of Christmas,
Good auntie
The pie is delicious.
Don't cut, don't break,
Serve it quickly!
Little boy
Sat down on a sheaf
plays the pipe
Kolyada is amusing.
Avsen, Avsen,
Tomorrow is a new day!
Don't stand at the gate
Tomorrow is New Year!
Educator: Carolers certainly get something edible: sweets, nuts and special ritual cookies, they were called kozuli - they were always prepared in every home for this occasion. These dough figures must be eaten right there, making a wish.
(A cheerful song of the storekeepers is heard.) Educator: Hear, the mummers are coming to us, let’s meet them. Enter carolers: Bear, Goat, Gypsy sing a song. (children with character attributes on their heads).
Kolyada, Kolyada,
open the gates
Who will give you the pie?
So the barn is full of cattle,
barn with oats.
A stallion with a tail.
We sow we sow
Happy New Year.
Educator: Hello, good people. Here you go treat: cheese and cookies, gingerbread, sweets. Children treat the mummers with sweets.
Educator: Let's play Russian folk game , which is called "Ivan"
This game uses a special counting system for choosing driving:
Ivan with a scythe
Don't go barefoot
And walk with shoes on,
Weave bast shoes for yourself.
If you are shod -
Wolves and foxes won't find
The bear won't find you
Come out, you'll burn!
The rest of the players call themselves various animals, some a wolf, some a bear, some a fox, some a hare, etc. "Ivan the Mower" picks up a wand or other object symbolizing "braid", and makes movements as if mowing.
"Beasts" talking with him:
Ivan the Mower, what are you doing?
I cut the grass.
Why are you mowing?
Feed the cows.
Why cows?
Give milk.
Why milk?
Make raw materials.
Why raw materials?
Feed the hunters.
Why feed the hunters?
Catch animals in the forest!
"Beasts" quickly scatter in all directions, and "Ivan the Mower" runs to look for and catch them. Having caught one of "beasts", he must guess which one it is "beast". If he guesses correctly, the person caught is eliminated from the game, and "Ivan the Mower" looking for others hiding "beasts".
Maslenitsa is one of my favorites national holidays of the Russian people, which from century to century conveys the state of the broad Russian soul, the traditions and customs of Russians. Maslenitsa is the last winter holiday, one of the most beloved and long-awaited in people's holiday, saying goodbye to snow and frost and welcoming spring. Oil week does not have a strict deadline celebrations and falls either at the end of February or at the beginning of March.
Maslenitsa on Rus' was called honest, wide and cheerful. And we always looked forward to its arrival.
Oil Week is full of customs and traditions! And they are different for every day.
(Slide 8,9). Would you like to learn about another old Russian holiday, about the treat that was being prepared this holiday. Please look at the slide (image - lark) . What is the name of this bird? (answers children) . But this is not just a bird - it is a memory of fallen soldiers. In March there is Christian folk holiday, dedicated to the lark.
March 22 – "Magpies". Why Magpies? (Demonstration illustrations: warriors of the Ancient Rus')
The teacher tells the children Russian folk epic. A very, very long time ago, one of the military leaders ordered a detachment of 40 brave warriors to sacrifice one of them to the gods. The warriors refused to do this and then all the warriors were killed. And I always loved my soldiers and defenders people, and people began to believe that 40 warriors of the squad did not die, but turned into larks. On this day, March 22, all fallen soldiers are remembered.
And the housewives baked special Lenten buns - "larks", with outstretched wings, as if flying, and even with tufts. Lenten treats were distributed to children. (Slide 10)
Like all Russians holidays On Soroki, children danced in circles and played games.
Guys, stand in a circle and let’s play the game “Lark.
Selected by counting "lark". He has a bell in his hand.
He enters the circle forms playing, and runs around in it. All They say:
A lark sang in the sky,
The bell rang.
Frolic in silence
I hid the song in the grass.
The one who finds the song
It will be fun all year long.
Then the players close their eyes.
"Lark" runs out of the circle and rings the bell. Then he carefully places it behind someone's back. The one who guesses who has the bell behind his back becomes "lark".
Educator: children, which one of you will remind me of which I haven’t mentioned the holiday yet(answers children) . Yes, it's Easter. Easter, the day of the Resurrection of Christ is the most important holiday Orthodox Church . This is precisely the main meaning of the Orthodox faith - God himself became man, died for us and, having risen, delivered people from the power of death and sin. Easter is holiday of holidays!
(Slide 11, 12)
Bottom line: Educator: our journey into the past has ended. It's time to return to the present. The music of the bells sounds (Slide 13) Guys, I want to hear your opinion about our trip. (answers children) How are you will celebrate national holidays? How kind kind words You you will tell your loved ones? What are you like you will give gifts to friends? (answers children, let's draw greeting card to your friends and loved ones. To which for the holiday you will draw cards, it's at your discretion.
Slavic Christmastide is popularly known as a fortnight of fortune telling and magical rituals. This week starts the year Orthodox calendar. It includes the holidays of Christmas, Old New Year, Epiphany.
These days, young people are wondering about their betrothed. Ritual caroling, sowing, mummering, visiting, rituals for well-being and fertility take place. It is believed that these days the presence of spirits among people is especially significant, so the future opens up.
From the end of December, daylight began to increase, people associated this with the victory of good over evil. Therefore, on the holy days after Christmas, joy reigned everywhere, unbridled fun, communication, songs and festivities with a hearty meal and sincere conversations.
On holy days, hunting animals and birds is prohibited.
Nativity of Christ - the second significant holiday Orthodoxy. It is also noted at the state level. This date according to the Gregorian calendar commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. In Rus', this holiday, in addition to the traditional Christmas tree and the previous fast, acquired special Slavic features and was replenished with rites and rituals:
· Conclusion of contracts. From Christmas to Maslenitsa, new annual contracts were concluded between merchants. During this period, business people sought to take stock and close last year's obligations in order to begin new contractual relationships.
· Burning of the sheaf. Christmas also ended the agricultural year. In the fall, during the harvest, the owner chose the best sheaf and placed it under the icon in the red corner of the home. On Christmas Eve, this gift was burned as a sign of new hope for the future harvest. On Christmas and Holy Days, people looked towards a better future. Everyone tried to wear and buy beautiful clothes, cook the most delicious and satisfying food, give expensive gifts. Generosity of actions attracted generosity of fate and new hope.
· Nativity scene and Kolyada. From Europe to Russia came the custom of theatrical performances associated with the birth of the infant Christ, the so-called dens. In Russian villages they transformed into processions of mummers and puppet theaters in squares. True, Orthodoxy forbade the use of dolls of the Virgin Mary and Christ; they were replaced with icons.
Kolyada (glorification) is the custom of coming to neighbors with a song glorifying the Nativity of Christ. The costumed performers were rewarded with tasty treats, pies were specially baked and sweets were prepared.
· Christmas Eve. The day before Christmas is called Christmas Eve after the Lenten porridge with honey, nuts and poppy seeds. Before the first star, we ate nothing else that day. The girls were wondering about their betrothed. After dinner on Christmas Eve, according to custom, the owner collected all the remaining food from the table and took it to his pets to share with them the joy of the birth of the Savior.
The Nativity Fast ended with the rise of the first star into the sky, which marked the birth of the baby Jesus. The most hearty food was prepared for this holiday. The dishes consisted of large pieces of meat, fish and poultry baked in the oven. All pastries were also prepared with meat filling. The famous rolls, kulebyaki, pancakes and pies decorated the Christmas table.
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January 19
EPICPANY EVE
Dedicated to the event of the baptism of Jesus Christ in the Jordan. Baptism was performed by John the Baptist. Traditionally, on this day of purification, people purify themselves with water. For Epiphany bathing, blessed fonts and ice holes are usually created. In addition, on this day all water is considered sacred. They drink the water blessed in the church on this day on an empty stomach, and also store it in the Red Corner of the house all year, using it for consecrations and healings. During Epiphany bathing you need to plunge headlong three times, saying the prayer: “In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit.”
On this day you cannot do laundry or work. The Feast of Epiphany is intended for humility and cleansing of mental and physical impurities. Thoughts are directed towards unity, tolerance, mutual assistance, gratitude to God and people, peace of mind and peace.
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February, during the week before Lent
CARNIVAL
Maslenitsa is a farewell to winter and preparation for welcoming spring, Lent and Easter. This week begins with Sunday, called the “meat plot.” This is the last meat day until Easter. Pancakes are baked all week as a symbol of the solar disk. These days people go to visit with their pancakes and greet them with pancakes. In addition to pancakes, they bake gingerbread cookies, brew honey sbitni and beer, and drink liters of tea. The samovar always had to be hot.
Sledding and sleigh rides are a tribute to the fallen snow and winter. Her image in the form of a straw effigy of Maslenitsa is burned in rural and city squares. This week is marked by wild festivities, songs, theatrical performances of cheerful buffoons, and funny fights. Parsley, my love folk doll, makes the audience laugh and entertains. Young people try to show themselves in all their beauty and decoration. These days, when all the people are on the streets, couples are being looked for.
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First Sunday after the full moon after March 21
EASTER
Favorite Christian holiday in honor of the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
This day is the first after a long fast. In the morning, people greet each other with the special words “Christ is risen!”, and in response: “Truly he is risen!” After the greeting, they kiss three times and exchange Easter eggs.
Housewives paint boiled eggs, bake tall Easter cakes and sweet curd Easter cakes. All holiday food is first blessed in the church. People love to play breaking boiled eggs.
It is customary to send beautiful Easter cards Congratulations.
A favorite Easter game is egg rolling. The games begin on the first day of Easter and last throughout Bright Week. One game could last several hours. Wooden copies of painted eggs are made especially for the game. The egg is rolled down a not steep hill on a plank or towel. At the bottom, all participants place their eggs in a semicircle. The goal is to knock down one of these eggs. If you knock it down, then you take the knocked egg and continue the game, if not, then you give way to another and put your egg below.
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First Sunday after Easter
RED HILL
For the Slavs, the Red Hill holiday means the full arrival of spring. At this time, nature begins to bloom, trees and grasses sprout new green shoots. On Krasnaya Gorka, girls perform round dances, young people organize fun and competitions: tug-of-war, funny fights, swing rides. Young people choose hills that have dried out from the spring waters, sing songs, dance and perform spring spells, and all together celebrate the sunrise. Among the dishes, it is customary to treat yourself to dishes with scrambled eggs.
It is customary to have weddings at this time. A wedding on Krasnaya Gorka is good omen for newlyweds.
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Before the change in chronology, the holiday coincided with the days summer solstice, the maximum flourishing of nature, the victory of light over darkness. For example, in the Baltic countries this holiday (Ligo) is celebrated according to the old style on June 23-24.
With the emergence of Christianity, this day is also dedicated to John the Baptist. Therefore, according to both traditions, this holiday is dedicated to water.
Preparations begin on July 6, the day of Agrafena the Bathing Suit. Girls and women prepare bath brooms for the whole year. On this day, traditionally, the baths are heated. Young guys pour water on all passers-by and fellow villagers.
In the evening, young people gather in the clearing, start fires, and compete in jumping over the fire. Girls use plantain grass to tell fortunes about their betrothed and send wreaths of wild herbs and flowers down the river.
Wells were traditionally cleaned of silt and dirt. In some villages it was customary to ride on rye. It is considered a good sign to swim either in a bathhouse or in a pond.
By folk signs On the day of the summer solstice, water unites with fire. Therefore, fires are lit on the banks of rivers and lakes. Also, according to legend, happiness awaits the one who finds a fern flower, supposedly blooming only on this night.
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July 8
PETER AND FEVRONIA'S DAY
This is a folk Orthodox holiday in honor of family, love and fidelity. Named in honor of Prince Peter and his wife Fevronia, a girl from a simple family. Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom are the patrons of family and marital devotion. It is customary to get engaged on this day.
The symbol of pure love in Russia is the chamomile flower. Therefore, there is a tradition of telling fortunes about your future spouse using a chamomile. Now there is a special medal for the most faithful married couples. On one side there is a chamomile, and on the other there are images of Peter and Fevronia.
According to tradition, on this day the peasants have their first mowing and all the water spirits go to sleep deep into the reservoirs. Therefore, it was allowed to swim without looking back.
On the day of Peter and Fevronia, the weather for the next 40 days is determined. If July 8 is clear, then clear and fine days are ahead.
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The holiday is dedicated to the prophet Elijah. This day is also revered by the Slavs as a holiday of the ancient thunder god Perun.
This is the day of warriors and farmers. By this day, you need to finish making hay and harvesting. In addition, this is the holiday of Perun - this is the beginning of preparing fields for planting winter crops.
Perun is the patron saint of warriors; this is a holiday for the defenders and rulers of the people. On this day, men's competitions in strength, agility and martial arts are held.
In the evening, men drink beer and kvass around the fire; the preferred dishes are beef, lamb and cottage cheese.
Starting from this day, cold air begins to envelop the earth, reservoirs are covered with duckweed, and the first yellow leaves are noticed on birch trees. This day is considered the closing of the swimming season. “Ilya has come, autumn says: Here I am!”
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The beginning of the Assumption Lent opens with the Honey or Poppy Spas. On this day, peasants begin to collect honey. It is customary to first consecrate the sweet delicacy in church. On honey saved You can't eat meat and fish. Traditional dishes: pancakes with honey, poppy seed cakes and mead.
At Poppy Spas, women and girls are forgiven all mistakes if they ask for it with a pure heart. Often in villages people pour blessed honey into a large vessel, and everyone can dip white bread into it, congratulating each other.
On this day, charitable assistance to poor and starving people is especially welcomed. They are given gifts and treated to baked goods and honey. It is customary to help widows and orphans with housework: cleaning the house, fixing houses, donating utensils and clothes.
From this day the first harvest begins.
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The Feast of First Fruits is associated with the ripening of apples. Since the holiday falls on the Dormition Fast, fruits are the main food these days. Apples are used to bake fragrant pies and make jam. Each housewife should have her own special apple pie recipe with which she should surprise her guests.
Apples are blessed in the church in the morning. When finishing an apple illuminated in a church, it is customary to make a wish.
Our ancestors guessed the weather based on this day. If the weather was dry and warm on Yablochny Spas, a mild winter was expected. But if it rained, you need to prepare for a harsh winter.
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Old Slavic holiday of the approach of autumn. On this holiday, it is customary to celebrate housewarming, the lighting of a new fire, rites of tonsure, funeral of flies and legends about sparrows.
Starting a fire. On Semenov's day they extinguished all the fire in the house. They left only the flame of the lamp near the icons. From this fire, a new fire was kindled in the morning, which symbolized the beginning of the next cycle of the element of fire. A renewal was taking place, attracting happiness and prosperity to the house.
The tradition of burying flies is an ancient custom that means farewell to summer. Sweeping flies out of the house meant getting rid of quarrels and everyday troubles.
Semyonov's day begins Indian summer. From that day on, they no longer mow the grass. On this day it is not customary to work in the fields, and at night before the onset of cold weather the sparrows that need to survive the snowy winter are counted by spirits.
Semenov's day is also associated with the ancient custom of tonsure. For initiation into men, boys who reached the age of three had a small lock of hair cut off from the top of their heads. Godfather puts the child on the horse and leads him out, holding the horse by the bridle. From this moment on, the child is considered a future warrior and the father of the family; predominantly men are involved in his upbringing.
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This holiday is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It is believed that she covers the ground with snow, like her scarf. On this day, it is customary to feed and treat stray animals and feed birds with bread.
On the Day of the Intercession, it is customary to have fun and smile at everyone you meet. To save children from illnesses, on this day they are taken outside the threshold and doused with water from a large sieve.
Everyone who comes to the house should be fed delicious pancakes. Women take up needlework: embroider, spin and sew. They sing songs and laugh a lot.
On this holiday, a special Pokrovsky loaf is baked. You need to feed it to your loved ones, friends and neighbors, and save the leftovers and crumbs until Lent.
And, of course, on this day everyone asks the Mother of God for the protection and prosperity of the family.
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The custom of celebrating the New Year in Russia on January 1 appeared simultaneously with the New Year tree on 1799.
New Year has become a family holiday. The biggest feast is organized on this day. How you celebrate the New Year is how you will live it. Therefore, before celebrating the New Year, you need to forget about your problems, make peace with your loved ones and friends, and ask for forgiveness from everyone who was offended. Pay off all material debts, fulfill everything promised. Throw away unnecessary things and thoughts and promise yourself to become better next year.
New Year's gifts, a decorated house and Christmas tree, ice skating, colorful fireworks and fabulous performances, beautiful outfits and Christmas films, corporate events, children's costume performances and New Year holidays, abundant food, congratulations to all friends and relatives are the most favorite customs of Russian people on the New Year holiday.
Share your signs and customs on our pages.
Svetlana Zubova
senior group
prepared by the teacher senior group MBDOU "Rovensky" kindergarten "Rainbow" Zubova S. D.
Target: development of a value-based attitude towards native culture.
Tasks: educational – to form an idea about holidays in Rus'(Protection of the Intercession, Christmas, Maslenitsa, Forty Saints) about the customs and traditions of our people, introduce with Russian traditions holidays, history of appearance;
Developing - develop cognitive children's interest in the history and traditions of their people, develop children’s speech, improve coherent speech skills;
Educational - to instill love and interest in Russian traditions and customs people, introducing to the origins of spiritual culture.
Progress of the lesson.
Q: Guys, what country do we live in?
D.: in Russia.
Q: What do people who live in Russia call themselves?
D.: Russians, Russians.
V.: Previously, Russia was called Rus, and from this word Rus began to be called Rus' Russian people. Our ancestors lived a long time ago - who are they?
D.: Great-grandmothers, great-grandfathers.
V.: Russian people lived by their labor: they plowed the land, sewed clothes, hats, knitted scarves, felted felt boots, made jewelry, toys from clay, carved wooden dishes, nesting dolls.
Those who did their work very well were called masters of their craft. They showed their skills at fairs, selling their products. At fairs, masters exchanged experiences.
(I suggest viewing the exhibition folk products.)
V.: Our Russian people loved Russians very much folk tales . What kind of Russians are they? Do you know folk tales?, Guys?
D.: Children name fairy tales they know.
V.: And also our people loved the holidays very much, so they composed songs, ditties, and jokes. Guys, do you love holidays?
V.: Our Russian people have always respected holidays and celebrated they were in a special way - they danced in circles, started games, baked delicious pies and treated all the guests. Today, guys, we will go on a journey with you. national holidays. Let's remember what Russians are like do you know national holidays? I will show you pictures, and you will name holiday.
Russian folk holiday Cover. What is this holiday Intercession? What time of year is this holiday.
D.: They express their versions.
V.: With the onset of cold weather, girls and women put a scarf on their heads. The ground was covered
snow - snow covering, like a blanket. This holiday so called because on this day the first snow always falls, like a white blanket covering the ground. This means that Mother Winter will come soon. IN holiday of the Intercession Russian people arranged are known in people Pokrovsky fairs. There are all sorts of goods there, apparently and invisible. Beautiful scarves, multi-colored shawls have always delighted customers. Look how beautiful the shawls are. And now we will play a game that young people played this year. holiday. The game is called "Oblupa"(Children stand in a circle and close their eyes. The driver brings the child into the circle and covers him with a shawl. Children open their eyes and guess who is hidden under the shawl. Whoever they guessed becomes the driver. The game is repeated 2-3 times)
Q. Our journey continues. (WIND HOWLING, Blizzard) What time of year are we guys in?
Q: What kind of winter clothes do you know? holidays:
D. children's answers.
On this day Jesus Christ, the Savior of the World, was born. The Night Before Christmas
January 6th is considered magical. If you make a wish, it will definitely come true. Only the desire must necessarily be good, because Jesus Christ teaches us kindness and love for all people. These days it is customary to visit parents, as well as godchildren and godparents. People exchange gifts and have conversations at a richly set table. And evenings are usually spent at home, near the nativity scene and a decorated Christmas tree, having pleasant conversations, reading fairy tales to children, telling them about how Christmas is celebrated in other countries, and, of course, drinking hot tea. Christmas folk the festivities are in many ways reminiscent of the fun at Maslenitsa. Only instead of pancakes people are treated to festive gingerbread, and instead of dancing in circles, they sing carols. CAROLS - special songs with wishes for a rich harvest, health, harmony in the family. Few people know these songs now. I suggest you remember a few carols, they will be useful to us in the future.
We sow, we sow, we sow,
Merry Christmas!
Open the chests
Get your heels out!
Open the lids
Give us fifty dollars!
Kolyada! Kolyada!
Serve the pie.
We sow, we sow, we sow,
Happy New Year!
Happiness will be yours!
The harvest is great!
The carolers scattered oats and wheat around the house, wishing for wealth and fertility. And the owners gave gifts and treated the guests.
V.: Well done guys. What time of year is it now? And what spring holidays you know?
D.: children's answers.
V.: That’s right, Maslenitsa. End of winter. The days become long and bright, the sky becomes blue and the sun becomes bright. At this time on Folk festivals were held in Rus'. This one was called holiday - Maslenitsa. Cheerful and riotous, it lasted a whole a week: fairs, street games, performances by mummers, dances, songs. IN people No wonder they called him wide Maslenitsa. Main treat holidays are pancakes, an ancient pagan symbol of the return of sun and warmth to people. The main participant of Maslenitsa is a large straw doll named Maslenitsa. She was dressed in a dress, a scarf was tied around her head, and her feet were shod in bast shoes. The doll was seated on a sleigh and driven up the mountain with songs. The fun continued until the evening, and at the end of all the activities they “said off Maslenitsa” - they burned an effigy depicting Maslenitsa. Maslenitsa, goodbye! Come next year! Maslenitsa, come back! IN New Year show yourself! Goodbye, Maslenitsa! Goodbye red! It was farewell to Maslenitsa. They made a fire of straw in the field and burned a doll with songs. The ashes were scattered across the fields in order to reap a rich harvest the following year. On Forgiveness Sunday, we went to each other to make peace and asked for forgiveness if we had offended them earlier. They talked: "Please forgive me." “God will forgive you,” they answered. Then they kissed and did not remember the insults. But even if there were no quarrels and insults, it’s all the same talked:"I'm sorry". Even when we met stranger, asked him for forgiveness. This is how Maslenitsa ended.
Game "Wattle"
All participants are divided into two teams and lined up in two lines opposite each other.
Participants braid "wattle fence"– hold hands through one, crosswise.
Members of the first team step towards the other team, which is standing still at that time, and They say: “We all congratulate Masha and wish her health!”. They say the second half of the sentence while walking backwards. Then the other team does the same. Then everyone lines up at the back and follows the leader, who tries to walk in such a way that everyone gets confused. As soon as the leader claps his hands, both teams take their places and begin to braid again. "wattle fence".
Usually after this they appear "extra" hands.
Game-entertainment "Stream"
Our great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers knew and loved this game, and it has come down to us almost unchanged. There is no need to be strong, agile or fast. This game is of a different kind - emotional, it creates a mood that is cheerful and cheerful. The rules are simple. The players stand one after another in pairs, usually a boy and a girl, a boy and a girl, join hands and hold them high above their heads. The clasped hands create a long corridor. The player who did not get a pair goes to "source" stream and, passing under clasped hands, looks for a mate. Holding hands, the new couple makes their way to the end of the corridor, and the one whose couple was broken goes to the beginning "stream". And passing under clasped hands, he takes with him the one he likes. So "trickle" moves - the more participants, the more fun the game is, especially fun to play with music.
None holiday In the old days, young people couldn't do without this game. Here you have a struggle for your beloved, and jealousy, and a test of feelings, and a magical touch on the hand of the chosen one. The game is wonderful, wise and extremely significant.
IN: We continue talking about traditions and holidays of the Russian people. Would you like to learn about another old Russian holiday, about the treat that was being prepared this holiday. Please look at the board (image - lark).
What is the name of this bird? (children's answers). But this is not just a bird - it is a memory of fallen soldiers. In March there is Christian folk holiday, dedicated to the lark. March 22 - "Magpies". Why Magpies? (Demonstration illustrations: warriors of the Ancient Rus') . A very, very long time ago, one of the military leaders ordered a detachment of 40 brave warriors to sacrifice one of them to the gods. The warriors refused to do this and then all the warriors were killed. And I always loved my soldiers and defenders people, and people began to believe that 40 warriors of the squad did not die, but turned into larks. On this day, March 22, all fallen soldiers are remembered.
And the housewives baked special Lenten buns - "larks", with outstretched wings, as if flying, and even with tufts. Lenten treats were distributed to children.
Like all Russians holidays On Soroki, children danced in circles and played games.
IN:And now we will play a new game called "Lark".
A lark sang in the sky,
The bell rang.
Frolic in silence
I hid the song in the grass.
The one who finds the song
It will be fun all year long.
Then the players close their eyes. "Lark" runs out of the circle and rings the bell. Then he carefully places it behind someone's back. The one who guesses who has the bell behind his back becomes "lark".
V.: Guys, now tell me why this the holiday is called"Magpie-Lark"? What does the lark symbolize? What did housewives bake in honor of this? holiday? What traditions do people observe on this day? holiday? What did you learn from the legend I told you?