Bogomolova A.I. Pronunciation disorders in children: a manual for speech therapists
1. Words with syllable stress.
Sample: f-ar, lie-f-at, friend-f-ok.
Heat, pity, toad, sting, gills, harvest, hot, complaint, hedgehogs, leader, counselor, pajamas, harvest, run, lie down, tremble, fire, fireman.
wow, wow
Zhora, burn, horn, meadow, friend, flag, pie, bank, gooseberry, gutter, acorn, yellow.
Beetle, lying, wandering, walking, looking, making friends, showing, lampshade, jacket.
Zhenya, already, respect, whatnot.
Fat, live, vein, liquid, knives, walruses, hedgehogs, lie down, show, order, bait, spring, be friends, circle.
2. Words without syllable stress.
Sample: that-f-e, f-ur-nal.
Heat, regret, skin, puddle, lying.
zhu, zhu
I see, cut, knit, lick, smear, peel, magazine, crane, skis, hedgehog, dinner, fawn, saffron milk cap, live, belly, giraffe, dozen, passerby.
3. Words with a combination of consonants in a syllable.
Sample: okay, okay.
Wait, cake, jam, blind man's buff, debtor, rust.
Exercise. Name the objects shown in the pictures.
Sample: A woman is sitting by the puddles. The grass has already turned yellow
The beetle buzzes: w-w-w-w. It's hot in summer. Zhenya has a knife. Zhora is wearing pajamas. The hedgehog has a hedgehog. Walruses lie on the ice. The counselor has a horn. Show me your knife. Zhenya. Zhora ran out onto the meadow. My friend runs to the shore. There are gooseberries and blackberries in the garden. Yellow-skinned acorns lie under the oak tree. Hedgehogs were running next to the hedgehog. The cranes are flying, and the leader is ahead. The shepherd sang his horn, and I went out to the bank. In the morning Zhenya took his skis and ran along the road. Zhora lives on the fifth floor. Life is hard for those who run away from work. Walruses live in the north, and giraffes live in the south. Children do not harm animals, and animals love them. Snowball lay there, lay there, then ran, murmuring.
Sections: Primary school
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
- To consolidate students' knowledge of the spelling of combinations ZHI and SHI;
- Practice the ability to accurately write words with these combinations;
- Work on developing spelling vigilance, attention, logical thinking, memory;
- To promote the development of students' speech, observation, and ability to clearly express their thoughts.
- Cultivate a stable cognitive interest in the subject and accuracy in work.
EQUIPMENT: magnetic board, textbook, letter with riddles, poster – “skating rink”, “snowflakes”, poster – “snowdrift”, dictionary – “snowflake”, tape recorder.
Lesson progress
l. Opg.moment (Self-determination for activity.)
(The teacher reads a poem to the music)
Made noise, walked around
There is bad weather in the field;
Covered with white snow
Smooth road.
Covered with white snow,
There was no trace left;
Dust and blizzard rose,
There is no snow in sight.
- What time of year is described in the poem? (That's right, winter).
- Winter has come to visit us today,
- Although it came to us not with sunshine and good frosty weather, but with snowstorms, blizzards and severe frosts (or cold rains), can we say that this is bad weather?
- No, because nature doesn't have bad weather.
- And in order to soften the winter and improve the weather, we need to complete all the tasks that she has prepared for us.
Are you ready?
II. Updating knowledge and fixing difficulties in activities.
1. Calligraphy.
- A blizzard began to swirl. The frost hit and left patterns on the glass. Let's try to write them, but first we'll look at them carefully.
- What letters are hidden there?
- What sounds do they represent? (Paired consonants according to voicedness/voicelessness)
- How are they similar? What do they have in common?
- What letter combination makes up the combination of elements?
- Why is it Sh and I? (W – consists of 3 inclined lines with a curve at the bottom, and I – of 2)
- A strong wind blew and mixed up the words and letters.
- Find these words.
2. Vocabulary work
For example: This morning the puddles froze.
(If the sound form of a word does not coincide with the letter form, then this word contains spelling)
III. Setting a learning task
- What kind of spelling do you think we will work on today? (ZHI and SHI are written with the letter I)
- Why do we write ZHI and SHI with the letter I?
- We must try to answer this question today.
IV. “Discovery” of new knowledge by children.
- Come up with a word consisting of 1 syllable with this spelling.
- Let's do a sound-letter analysis of the word ZHIL
LIVED – 3 letters
/zh y l/-1 syllable, 3 stars.
/zh/ – acc., tv, sound, guy, designation - “zhe”
/ы/ – verb., ud., designation - “and”
/l/ – acc., tv., sonor., unpaired, symbol-“el”
- Why do we write I here? After all, this word has 1 syllable, stressed, we hear Y, which means we write Y? (No, we will write I...). Right.
But before, guys, Zh and Sh were soft, and then, in the 13th century. the hissing sounds Zh and Sh became hardened, the words began to be pronounced differently /ZHYL/, but the spelling remained the same - with the letter I.
- Spelling patterns in Russian have their own designation.
- Let's remember how we will designate this spelling.
(AND – one line, because This is a spelling; F, W – two features, since this is a selection condition)
- Why After these letters is written I?
V. Primary consolidation
.Know firmly zhi and shi
With letter And always write:
Mice, hedgehogs, snakes
Skis, puddles, reeds.
- Whoever was attentive will answer my question: “What words did I read with combinations live And shi?”
Phys. a minute (for the eyes)
- Winter prepared the next task and hid it in a snowdrift.
Poster with ZHI and SHI
2v. – 3 words with shi
- At the same time, you must remember: “ZHI, SHI we write with I”
- Emphasize the combinations with ZHI AND SHI (do mutual verification)
- Who did it right?
- So how are the combinations ZHI and SHI written?
6. Working with text. Speech development.
- Guys, look, we have received a letter.
- Who do you think the letter is from?
(From winter).
The letter contains riddles.
Snow on the fields
Ice on the rivers
The blizzard is walking...
When does this happen?(3 And my).
Wonderful artist
I visited the window
Guess what, guys?
Who painted the windows?(Moro h ).
Transparent like glass
Don't put it in the window.
Fishes live warmly in winter:
The roof is thick glass.(Le d ).
Quietly, quietly he walks,
White And shaggy.
We cleared it out
In the yard with a shovel.(Dream G ).
Spiny ball
It lies under the tree.
Do you want to touch-
He'll run away in an instant.(Yozhi To ).
Two snub-nosed girlfriends
They didn't leave each other behind.
Both are running through the snow,
Both songs are sung.
Both ribbons in the snow
They leave it running.Hiding under the floor
They are afraid of cats.(Mouse And ).
- What other snow does it have? (Pu shi styy)
- Well done guys, you guessed all the riddles and explained the spelling of the spellings.
- Now write a beautiful story about winter using these words.
- What should we remember?
(What will we talk about, based on supporting words, and for what purpose.)
We'll talk about winter.
Target: the story should turn out beautiful, bright, emotional.
For example: Winter has come. It was frosty. White snow fell and covered the ground with a fluffy blanket. A hedgehog sleeps in a hole under the snow. Children have fun sledding and skiing. Good in winter!
Phys. just a minute:
I will name words with ZHI and SHI if you hear the words
with ZHI – squat;
with SHI - get up;
without ZHI and SHI - clap your hands.
Puddles, car, walruses, frost, tires, giraffe, cone, blizzard, skis, mice.
- Guys, you said that the rivers are covered with ice.
- What kind of fun can you do on the ice?
- How should you behave on the ice?
- So winter has prepared a skating rink for us with tasks.
- We need to find the correct trace and make up the words.
- Now find: 3 syllable words, 2 syllable words.
- How did you find out how many syllables there are? ? (The number of vowel sounds in a word equals the number of syllables)
- Why do we write ZHI and SHI with the letter I? ?
VII. Reflective activity.
Now answer:
- How many of you are satisfied with your work in class?
- Who is not happy with themselves in class?
- What tasks completed in class did you find most interesting?
- Which of them were completed quickly and did not cause difficulties?
- What was the most difficult for you?
- Well done guys.
- But we liked everything about our winter. She has become kinder, and soon a lot of snow will fall, it will be possible to sled, skate and ski.
And we will see that
The stars will begin to spin
And everything falls to the ground.
No, not stars, but fluffs,
Not fluff, but.... (snowflakes)
- And winter also gave us a gift and brought us these snowflakes. And one of them is unusual. This snowflake is a dictionary. Here we need to write down words with a combination of ZHI and SHI. (Snowflakes are glued to the back of the board, and between them is a dictionary in the form of a snowflake).
VIII. Homework.
On a separate piece of paper in a box, compose crossword puzzles on the topic “ZHI and SHI write with I” (you can use the words that we met today).
Spelling ZHI-SHI, CHA-SCHA and CHU-SCHU is one of the very first rules studied in elementary school in Russian. Despite the fact that the rule is very simple and there are not even exceptions to it, children still make mistakes in writing such words. To practice and make the writing of these letter combinations automatic, the texts for dictations and test cheating on this page will be useful. Dictations are suitable for both students at the end of the 1st grade and in the second grade when consolidating the topic.
Dictations in ZHI, SHI
ZHI, SHI write with the letter I. For example: kids, snowflake.
Here's a rosehip. Nice fragrant flowers! There are thorns near the flowers. (8)
There are reeds by the river. Nice reeds! There are fluffy baby ducklings. (9)
Seryozha Shishkin has pencils. Lyosha Zhirov has a car. Nice gifts! (10)
We have a hedgehog and mice. The hedgehog hisses. Our kids are waiting for porridge for dinner. (14)
Lyosha is lying on the hay. The hay is fragrant. Swifts are flying. Lyosha has rose hips. (12)
Uncle Sasha has an awl. He sewed vests for Misha and Dasha. Our vests are good! (14)
Kids are playing near Masha and Dasha’s house. We are friends with them. Our kids are happy. (14)
Yasha has a hedgehog. Put some porridge in the hedgehog's ladle. The hedgehog is running. He is in a hurry for dinner. (15)
Gosha has mice living behind his screen. A fat cat does not guard the home well. He's still lying there. (14)
Winter. We are running down the street. We are shaking from the cold. Roofs of houses covered in snow. The snow is fluffy. (15)
The roofs of residential buildings look like tables. There is fluffy snow there. And the snowflakes keep falling. (14)
The older guys brought a hedgehog for the kids. The hedgehog runs and rustles paper. Kids play with a hedgehog. (14)
What kind of babies? They live in the forest. Babies have long legs. Large and wide ears. These are moose calves. (19)
Dear kids! Write clearly in your notebook. Receive good grades. Don't rush with your answers. Live together. Cherish your friendship. (17)
Silence in the forest. Glasha and Dasha have wide skis. The skis go well. The snow is rustling. The tops of the pines are fluffy. There are snowflakes on them. (20)
Misha and Sasha Zhizhin are on vacation. They will live with Aunt Dasha and Grandmother Masha. The kids will help them dry and stir the hay. (22)
Walruses lie on bare ice from birth. But they don't get sick. Mothers feed them full-fat milk. Within a month, the cubs become five times heavier. (23)
Birds hatch eggs. And vipers give birth to live young. These snakes are only one day old. But babies can already hiss and are very poisonous! (21)
Our kids came out of the forest. Natasha has saffron milk caps. Misha has fragrant berries. Dasha has fragrant lilies of the valley. Who's in a hurry? What animal rustles and runs? It's a hedgehog! Beware, furry mice! (29)
A siskin is circling over the clearing. He sits down on a wide path. A red cat is running. He sees a siskin. He purses his ears. Hiding in lilies of the valley. He lies and waits. Then he jumps. But he is wrong. Siskin is alive. He flies away. (30)
Fluffy mice lived near a wide pond. In the spring, the mice hurried to the mountain. We arrived at the top. A fox lived there. She was glad that the mice came. How good are fat mice! The fox will have a great dinner! (31)
Our sites are inhabited by hedgehogs and red squirrels. Here is a hedgehog running along a wide path. He hurries to the shelter. A hedgehog sits in a rosehip and hisses. And there is a fluffy little squirrel jumping through the fragrant lilies of the valley. (32)
Narwhals are large dolphins. They live in ice. Narwhals have large tusks. The animal can break through very strong ice with its tusk. This is how a narwhal breathes. (23)
The animals gathered around a large puddle. A giraffe sniffs lilies of the valley. A chimpanzee throws cones into the water. Mice collect fallen leaves. Here is a hedgehog running. He lives far away. The hare purses his ears. A heron hides in the reeds. (30)
Silence. Fluffy snow is falling. Snowflakes fly like fluff. The roofs of our houses turned white. The kids are happy about the snow. The dog Pushinka lies near the kennel. Our Pushinka serves people. She guards the yard. (27)
There is a treasure at the top of the mountain. A red dragon lives nearby. He is guarding the treasure. The dragon has large paws and a bushy tail. The prince decided to defeat the dragon. He came with a weapon. The dragon will run away. (28)
Rhinoceroses are the largest animals. The rhino's weapons are a horn on its nose and strong hooves. This helps the rhino survive. They sleep on their stomach or side. These animals live a long time. (26)
Carlson lives on the roof. The kid is friends with Carlson. Baby on a friend's roof. The roof is wide. You can see far from the roof. There are a lot of cars below. Passers-by are walking. Dinner is coming soon. Carlson lowers the Kid from the roof. (31)
The leopard lives high in the mountains. The mother of little leopards insulates the den with her fluffy fur. She pulls out fur from her belly. Leopards have fatty milk. It is five times fattier than cow's milk. Kids suck on it and don't freeze. (37)
Dictations in CHA-SHA
H A, SCHA write with the letter A. For example: food, tea.
Here is the grove. Magpies are chattering. The jackdaws have their little jackdaws screaming. The rook has rooks. The hare's babies are squeaking. (15)
We went for sorrel. A cloud came over. The thicket began to rustle. The firs swayed. Drops of rain began to patter frequently. We rushed home. (16)
Brooks are babbling. The sun illuminates the earth. The grove is turning green. Masha saw a rook. Magpies are chattering. Welcome spring! (14)
Warm. The hares gave birth to bunnies. Wolves have wolf cubs. Blackbirds have blackbirds squeaking. Jackdaws and starlings appeared. It's a hot time. (17)
We say goodbye to winter. Frost does not crack. We are welcoming spring. Soon the jackdaws and starlings will squeal. (15)
There is a sentry in an overcoat standing on the square. A shepherd sits nearby. The little jackdaws are screaming on the plank roof. The shepherd began to grumble. (17)
More often than not, bird nests look like a teacup. They are woven from twigs. Often the nests are insulated with down. (16)
Kolya met Sveta on the square. A cloud was floating across the sky. The cloud confused Kolya. He doesn't have a cloak. (16)
The rain began to patter on the plank roof. The wind shakes the branches. The little jackdaws are squeaking in the nest. (13)
Arctic terns bravely defend their nests from polar bears. Daredevils don't just scream loudly. Birds often grab the poor thing by the tail and ears. (23)
Students often walk around the square. There is a sentry there. It stands for a long time - two hours. He's cold. He's wearing gloves, but no cape. The guys are screaming and chattering like jackdaws. The sentry doesn't pay attention. (30)
The shepherd gave birth to puppies. They growl. Now mom will feed them. The puppies are silent, sucking milk. Milk is their food. We came to see the puppies. The shepherd notices us. She starts to grumble. (29)
Depths of a forest. Wolf cubs are playing in the clearing. They growl and squeak. The she-wolf often glances at them. She notices everything. She hears birds screaming in the thicket. The cubs stop playing and run after their mother. (31)
There is an ominous cloud in the sky. The rabbits notice her. They squeak and scream. It might start raining in an hour. The little rabbits are running home. The darkness deepens. The first drops are hitting the roof. The rain promises to be long. (29)
There is a cottage in the forest. An old grandfather lives in it. His grandchildren often visit him. He meets them and seats them at the table. They drink tea together. Then the grandchildren say goodbye to their grandfather. They promise to come more often. (32)
We often go to the forest. There are grasshoppers chattering there. One was very loud. We listened to the violinist for an hour. Wonderful artist! We said goodbye to the violinists. When we were returning, a cloud came over. We rushed home. (31)
We've been walking through the forest for an hour. Our shepherd is with us. The forest began to thicken. This is a thicket. It's time to go back. We cross the stream on a plank bridge. Here is the grove, and behind it is our dacha. (30)
Dictations for Chu, ShchU
CHU, SHCHU write with the letter U. For example: stocking, pike.
I'm solving a problem. I'm looking for an answer. Then I learn the rule. (10)
I came to someone else's house, I want to enter and I knock. The dog smells me. (13)
I'm dragging the scarecrow to the garden. I will grow vegetables. They will be amazingly good. (13)
I'm dragging a pike out of the water. I'm glad for this monster. I want to cook fish soup. The pike squints its eyes. (16)
I want to find a cast iron. I'm looking in the closet. I spin it in my hands and drag it into the house. (17)
Birds lay eggs. Fish spawn. The eggs hatch into fry. Pike, bream and catfish spawn in the spring. (17)
The pika is a small bird. Her nose is awl. I look - miracles! Pika dances a waltz. She circles around the spruce tree and makes wonderful jumps. This is Pikakhin's waltz. (23)
The grimy scarecrow lived in a cast iron pot in the closet. His eyes illuminated the monstrous darkness. What kind of miracle? Is this a monster or a weirdo? His name is Chu-shchuk. The tentacles have fancy stockings. One day Chushchuk felt trouble. He sailed down the Shchura river. (35)
I want to catch a big pike. I cast my fishing rod and sit on a block of wood. I sit and remain silent. I feel the pike is biting. I'm dragging her. When I pull it out, I'll grab it. Here's a little more! I scream with joy. (29)
We went to the beach. Suddenly we saw a cloud. My brother Sasha narrowed his eyes. The wind whips. The waves are rushing in the sea. They look like monsters. Lightning flashes in the sky. I want to go home. (29)
The food of arctic foxes is fish and birds. Where do Arctic foxes hide their prey? Arctic foxes store food in permafrost. They put their prey in a hole. Food lasts a long time in such a wonderful refrigerator. (27)
A miracle happened in the kingdom. A terrible monster appeared. It has huge tentacles. The prince found chain mail in the closet. Went out to fight. Here comes the monster. The prince narrowed his eyes. He fired a wonderful arrow. There is no more scary monster. (31)
Wolves prowl, looking for food. Who is the stranger here? Wolves smell prey. The hare senses danger. The hare has wonderful legs and sensitive ears. He ran into the grove. He runs without feeling his feet. He ran into our closet. Got dirty on the cast iron. He became grimy. (37)
We caught a pike. They poured water into the cast iron. Add a little salt. There will be a wow! Our shepherd smelled fish. She has good instincts. We're running out of wood. I'll look for more and bring them back. Then I'll peel the potatoes. (30)
I met a knight in chain mail. He is a stranger. I want to invite him to my place. Let him live. He's a weirdo. He went into the closet and sat. I'm silent. It's hard to live in a foreign land. (28)
I'm dragging a pike from the river. I clean the fish. I want to cook fish soup. I put the pike in a cast iron pot and put it in the stove. My shepherd Chunya smells the wonderful fish soup. In an hour I'll take out the cast iron. The ear is amazingly good. (37)
Yasha Chukin had a puppy named Chubrik. Chubrik saw a garden scarecrow. The kid was a little scared of the monster. The puppy narrowed his eyes. What a puny weirdo! What a miracle of nature! (22)
I want to plant vegetables. I'll grab a shovel from the closet. I will find a place for each vegetable. I'll bring a watering can with water. I'll put a scarecrow in the garden. I will grow carrots, parsley, dill. I'll treat my friends. (27)
Repetition of material
Ruffs and pike are splashing in the river. I caught a fat pike. I've been dragging her out of the water for an hour now. I'm afraid I'll let it out. (20)
We went into the thicket. Here are the hedgehogs. Here are the mice. A grimy cloud covered the sky. Lightning flashes. I'm crying. (16)
Mom started cooking dinner. The cabbage soup needs sorrel and cabbage. I'm dragging a fresh head of cabbage out of the closet. (16)
Masha has a dacha. There are mice living in the closet. Masha often hears them. Mice are sensitive. (15)
Grandfather has wonderful hands! He made a gorgeous vest. But the boots are made of leather. Nice boots! I clean them myself. (19)
We're in the thicket. Here are its inhabitants. Blackbirds are chattering. The orioles are screaming. Magpies are jumping. Hedgehogs are grumbling. Woodpeckers are knocking. All animals are looking for food. (21)
We have a fluffy cat living in our closet. He lies on the plank roof for hours. I'll treat the cat to a fat pike. (18)
We have rabbits living with us. Furry babies squeak and scream. I want to put food in their cup. (16)
I'm looking for Misha Shchukin's dacha. The site is guarded by a shepherd dog. I knock and shout. Misha runs towards me. (16)
The frost is crackling. There is silence in the thicket. But the woodpeckers are knocking. They look for food under the bark. (14)
We are going into the thicket. Fragrant lilies of the valley are blooming. Swifts drag grass into the nest. Fluffy mice squeak. Hedgehogs catch them. (18)
Sasha and Misha have a good catch. They caught pike and bream. For dinner we have wonderful fish soup. (17)
The spring in our watch broke. The watchmaker narrowed his eye. He is fixing the watch. What a miracle! The clock is knocking. They don't let you get bored. (18)
The thicket is enchanted by winter. Fluffy snow looks like swan's down. Wonderful life at this time in the forest. (16)
Giraffes are the tallest animals living on Earth. The small head is topped with small horns. She is decorated brown eyes and narrow ears. The coat is short. It has dark spots of bizarre shape. Giraffes are inhabitants of the plains. They avoid hills. (34)
I want to feed the baby rabbits. They are painfully puny. They live on my property in a plank shed. I'm looking for a big head of cabbage in the garden. I take it to the rabbits. The babies squeak. They smell food. (30)
Sick fish are cleaned by cleaner fish. Their fins are cleaned of scabs, crustaceans and pieces of skin. Even the mouth and teeth of large fish are cleaned. Living toothbrushes! A whole line of fish is patiently waiting for them. The fish present their sides to their doctor and open their mouths wide. (42)
Deer is a large animal with strong legs and a high head. The head is crowned with beautiful horns. Young animals have small horns. Young antlers are soft and warm to the touch. They are easy to damage. Deer live in small herds. (34)
Angry snakes hiss. The little ones hiss barely audibly. The larger ones have a louder hiss. A viper from Africa hisses very loudly. It's even called a noisy viper. And the rattlesnake rattles its rattle on its tail. The snakes also chirp, crackle and squeak. They make these sounds using their scales. (44)
Moose throws her scouts against her enemies. These are the eyes, ears and nostrils. The eyes caught the movement. My ears caught a rustling sound. The nostrils sensed the smell. Now the scouts can rest. And your legs need work! (27)
Grandfather guards the melon tree. He has big shepherd dogs. The grandchildren often visit their grandfather. Today they promised to be there for dinner. Grandfather cooks pike fish soup in a cast iron pot. (25)
Snakes look for convenient places to change their skin. This could be a pile of stones or a pile of brushwood. Often in such places there is a lot of snake skin - crawling." Such areas are called snake locker rooms. (28)
A cloud is floating across the sky. The wolf cubs squeak. Others growl. They are already big. The sensitive she-wolf squints at the sky. She senses a thunderstorm and presses her ears back. The grimy wolf cub began to grumble. The brothers answer him. (29)
Large shepherd dogs live on the melon patch. They need to guard the melon plant. Do not allow strangers into the area. A wooden kennel stands on the site in front of a residential building. Here comes a passerby. The dogs growl. (27)
I have a fresh head of cabbage. I'm looking for sorrel. I want to treat my friends to cast iron cabbage soup at dinner. There are a lot of cones lying around. Fragrant grass rustles. No need to touch the rosehip! -I’ll pull the thorn out of my palm, And here’s the sorrel! What luck! (37)
A wonderful fish lives in Chukotka. For four months of the year she swims in the icy waters of northern lakes. And then it freezes into lake ice for eight months. In summer the ice melts. The fish comes to life and swims again. (33)
Here is the thicket of the forest. Our guys are building huts there. I'm dragging big branches. I want to put them on the roofs. Now there are a lot of branches there. Housing is ready. I'll go find a fire pit. (29)
Animals have many different signals. With these signals they communicate a lot to each other. Crows fly over the field and caw. Suddenly one of them croaked a little differently. It was the crow who noticed the prey and decided to notify the flock. There are also danger signals. The flock will hear them, rise and fly away. (44)
Small insects have settled under the bark of the tree. Who are they? Slugs eat leaves and mushrooms. In dry weather they hide in cracks in the bark. Centipedes live under the bark. They come out at night and look for insects. Woodlice hide in damp places under the bark. (40)
Crows know and foresee a lot. They can be used to accurately determine the weather. The crows hide their beaks in the feathers of their shoulders, sit on the tops of the trees - the frost is getting stronger. They sit on the lower branches, press themselves to the ground - strong winds cannot be avoided. (32)
Nature can be living or inanimate. Inanimate nature is the sun, water, stones. Wildlife is all living things. Everything that breathes, feels, eats. We include humans, animals, and plants as living nature. Animals are animals, birds, fish, insects. (33)
We often visited a familiar nest. The birds soon got used to us. At the beginning of summer, fluffy chicks hatched from the blue eggs. And there were dry shells lying near the nest. The birds came to feed the chicks and were not afraid of us at all. (34)
To make tea, leaves are collected from the tea bush. For the best tea you need the youngest and softest leaves. For many years this was done by women. They moved slowly between the rows of bushes and carried large baskets on their backs. Now special machines have been created. They collect much more leaves. (43)
Carefully collected tea leaves are dried and subjected to special processing. To give the leaves a scent, they are aromatized. That's why tea in stores varies so much in smell. We also often call a mixture of leaves tea different plants. Tea with mint is very tasty and healthy. (39)
The ringed seal is the smallest seal species found in the Arctic. These animals lead a wandering lifestyle. The ringed seal's favorite food is cod fish. These fish often move in large schools along coastlines. The ringed seal is included in the Red Book and is subject to protection. (39)
Walruses live in the seas of the Arctic Ocean. These are very large animals. Walruses are clumsy in appearance. But they can be very agile. Walruses are looking for food for themselves at the bottom of the sea. Their food is crustaceans and worms. Walruses often make rookeries on ice floes. (38)
Hedgehogs, knives, pears, skis, puddles, ears, cones, siskins, good, wide, be friends, sew, circle; thicket, grove, tea, cup, dacha, knock, be silent, shout; miracle, pike, looking, wanting, silent, teaching, crying.
CONTROL WRITTEN OFF
1. Write down poems. Underline words with combinations zhi, shi, cha, shcha, chu, schu.
In combinations zhi, shi
Just and always write!
Mice, hedgehogs, snakes,
Skis, puddles, roofs.
Giraffes, tires and walruses,
Rose hips and pencils,
Circle, serve, make friends and live,
Hurry, laugh, hiss and sew.
Remember the syllables zhi and shi
And write only with the letter.
In combinations cha, sha
We write only the letter a.
Heap, thicket, tower,
Cloud, grove, locusts,
Thicket, dacha and seal
You need to write it with the letter a.
In combinations chu, schu
They only write the letter y.
I want to write correctly
I’m learning words for Chu and Shu:
Stocking, and miracle, and cast iron,
The eccentric, and the pike, and the grumbler,
Grimy, scarecrow, block,
Wonderful, feelings and closet,
I scream, I grumble, I drag.
I write and listen and listen.
(From the collection “Entertaining Grammar”)
2. Write down the sentences. Underline words with combinations zhi, shi, cha, shcha, chu, schu.
1. I am in first grade. 2. Siskins live in the forest. 3. The guys are looking for bumps. 4. Fragrant flowers grew in the flowerbed. 5. Never take other people's things. 6. Grandma treats us to a pie. 7. At the giraffe long neck. 8. There are mice in the closet. 9. A seagull is circling over the sea. 10. I never cry.
SELECTIVE DICTS
1. Listen to excerpts from poems. Write down and read words with combinations zhi, shi, cha, shcha, chu, schu.
Good for the carpenter
And it’s better for an engineer
I would go build a house -
Let them teach me.
I'll draw first
The house is the way I want it.
Nice house, great house
On all four sides
And the guys will live in it
Comfortable and spacious.
(B. Mayakovsky)
Squinting my eyes
And frowning brows,
Growling into his mustache,
Watchmaker Ivan Petrovich
He carefully took the watch.
(S. Mikhalkov)
2. Listen to riddles and proverbs. Write down words with combinations zhi, shi, cha, shcha, chu, schu.
The golden sieve of black houses is full.
How many little black houses,
so many little white residents. (Sunflower)
He lies under the fence and wags his tail. (Pig)
I don't upset anyone
but I make everyone cry. (Onion)
Flies like an arrow
buzzes like a bee. (Airplane)
A one-eyed old woman embroiders patterns. (Needle)
PROVERBS
1. Don’t rake in the heat with someone else’s hands! 2. You can’t hide an awl in a bag. 3. Don't rush with your tongue - hurry with your deeds. 4. It is better to lose wealth than to break your word. 5. No matter how eager the pike is, it will not take the ruff from its tail.
EXPLANATORY AND TESTING DICTS
Underline words with combinations zhi, shi, cha, shcha, chu, schu.
There is silence on the river in the morning. We are sailing on a boat along a wide channel. Wonderful white water lilies float on the water. A dragonfly circles above them. Dragonflies look like little helicopters.
FISHING
My dad loves fishing. He often takes me with him. Yesterday we went by car to the lake. Dad caught a big bream and a pike. He put them in the fish tank.
LIVING CORNER
Our school is inhabited by hedgehogs, mice and a hare. The guys take care of the animals. After lessons we run to the living corner and treat our friends to something tasty.