What is turquoise. Turquoise - properties and meaning of the stone for the person who is suitable
Turquoise is the most magical and mysterious stone, with a waxy shine and intricate design. The coloring - from soft blue to bright green - makes the stone especially attractive. It is semi-precious, which does not prevent it from occupying a leading position among minerals in the jewelry industry. Nowadays, there is even such a definition of color as turquoise.
Chemical composition and physical properties of the mineral
The name of the stone comes from the Persian “firuza”, which translates as “stone of happiness”, but it has quite a lot of names - different cultures believe in magical properties turquoise, called it differently. The main feature of the mineral, which is associated with many legends, is its ability to change its color over time, becoming dark green, brown or even gray.
Turquoise - mineral of sedimentary origin with a rather complex chemical composition. It is a copper-aluminum phosphate, that is, it consists of:
- aluminum oxide (by 37%);
- copper oxide (by 10%);
- water (by 20%).
In addition to the main chemical elements, it contains various impurities, which affect the color and some physical features stone, in particular, on color changes during “aging”. The main role in the formation of the color of the mineral is played by copper percentage: the higher it is, the darker the turquoise.
The mineral does not tolerate high temperatures: when heated, it turns brown and begins to crumble. Turquoise is a fairly soft mineral and can be easily processed without cracking or crumbling. Hardness is 5–6 on the Mohs scale.
Varieties of turquoise
Turquoise stone is classified into three main categories, which determined according to the age of the mineral:
- White and pale blue are the youngest mineral. And the cheapest of all.
- Turquoise, with its bright blue hue, is considered the most sought after in the world, especially in Arab countries, as it is a “mature mineral.”
- Greenish and dark green turquoise are already the oldest examples, which are especially popular among fans of magical rituals and fortune telling. It was she who had already absorbed all the knowledge and acquired special magical properties.
Turquoise deposits
It is currently known that one of the most ancient mines for the extraction of the mineral dates back to the 6th millennium BC. It was discovered on the Sinai Peninsula. The mine is currently depleted, but local residents still mine private development manually. Particularly noteworthy is the very fact of ongoing developments in various mines for the extraction of the mineral, discovered millennia BC.
The most famous and ancient deposits of the high-quality mineral are located in the countries of Central Africa, Iran and Egypt. More modern stone deposits have been discovered in Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, China, the USA, Argentina and Australia.
Turquoise has always been considered a very valuable stone; its popularity among ornamental stones has been and remains in first place throughout the world. There are many deposits, but, as a rule, the reserves in them are small and the targeted development of such places is quite expensive. IN modern world a significant part of the mined stone is a by-product when industrial mining of copper deposits.
Turquoise story
Turquoise in Ancient Egypt
The special veneration of the stone dates back more than one thousand years; history has not a single example of how reverently people have always treated the magic stone. Long before our era, the ancient Egyptians made figurines of scarab beetles, sacred to them. They became an object of worship and were a powerful amulet of success in victory. Turquoise was considered magic stone pharaohs and warriors and was found in ancient Egyptian pyramids.
Belief in the magical properties of stone in Ancient Iran
Magical properties were also attributed to turquoise in ancient Iran. A huge number of jewelry and amulets using this stone have been found. Also, various beliefs and legends associated with it arose here, in which medicinal properties were first mentioned. According to the beliefs of the ancient Persians, turquoise was formed from the bone of a person suffering from love pains. In this regard, rings with turquoise became a symbol of love for newlyweds. This tradition is still revered today.
History of turquoise in other countries of the world
There are also references to a stone that is “bler than the blue of heaven” in the writings of an ancient Roman historian Pliny the Elder. During excavations of ancient burials of Aztec leaders, ritual masks inlaid with turquoise were discovered, as well as various amulets made from this stone. In India the mineral was used in medicinal purposes: It was believed that it could heal severe diseases of the thyroid gland and throat.
The love for this stone did not pass over the Russian rulers. Ivan the Terrible praised it as a remedy for ailments and even ordered the production of a headdress inlaid with many minerals. During the reign of Tsar Boris Godunov, this mineral was also revered - it was decorated royal throne.
Use of the mineral for medicinal purposes
Even in ancient times, healers different parts Turquoise was used for lighting. The properties of the stone were able to cure various diseases. It is the presence of copper ions that determines its healing properties; they have anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effects.
- with loss of vision;
- for liver diseases;
- for stomach ulcers;
- with inflammatory processes in wounds and abrasions;
- with weakened immunity;
- with persistent sleep disorders and stress.
But the most important thing that lithotherapy attributes to this stone is the ability of early diagnosing the development of serious diseases. If a person’s jewelry or talisman begins to change its color or shade, then he needs to urgently consult a doctor and undergo a complete medical examination body.
There is a strong opinion among sorcerers and magicians that turquoise has great magical powers. For many millennia, stone has been symbol of prosperity and happiness, a talisman that brings good luck and victory in battles.
The property of the mineral to change its shade during bad weather, serious human illnesses, or before an impending misfortune has become the main proof of its superpowers. It is enough to focus your gaze on the stone for a minute in the morning - and it will protect you from possible troubles throughout the day.
The energy of the stone helps a person to calm down and concentrate. difficult situations, find the right decision problems. It prevents you from making hasty decisions that can harm its owner, thereby propelling him to power. It is worth noting the high moral character of turquoise: if the person who acquires it does not obey the laws of morality, then it can severely punish its owner.
In the Middle Ages, there was a popular belief among women about a piece of turquoise secretly sewn into the clothes of the chosen one. It was believed that in this way one could gain his eternal love and loyalty. A ring with turquoise, given by a loved one, will bring happiness and harmony to your personal life.
Zodiac signs and turquoise
Turquoise is suitable as decoration or talisman for all zodiac signs, with the exception of Leo. However, it should be taken into account that different signs zodiac sign must be worn and different types stone For example, young turquoise (white or light blue) is suitable for Aries and Pisces - it will help them find happiness. A mature stone (bright blue) is ideal to wear for Libra, Capricorn, Aquarius, Gemini and Sagittarius. But green turquoise (wise stone) is for people born under the signs of Taurus and Scorpio. For Cancers and Virgos, the mineral will not have any effect other than diagnosing their physical condition. In addition, it can serve as a spectacular piece of jewelry.
Stone care
Taking into account chemical properties stone, its owners must follow some rules in order not to part with it forever:
- the stone is afraid of high temperatures;
- any chemical exposure is destructive for him;
- any acids and abrasives will quickly destroy its beauty;
- It is better to avoid prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays.
By following these rules, jewelry made from a beautiful semi-precious mineral will delight and bring good luck. for a long time. Turquoise is a stone that will be constantly valued in the world for its oldest history And unique magical properties.
Turquoise - semi gem sea green color, which has been one of the ten most revered stones on our planet for 5,000 years!
There is probably no people on Earth who do not know turquoise. Nature has rewarded the stone with a rare, piercingly exciting color. In different cultures, the stone has deservedly received many of the most enthusiastic epithets - “the stone of the Egyptian pharaohs”, “the sacred stone of Tibet”, “the heavenly stone of the American Indians”, “the favorite stone of the East”, etc.
Many peoples of the world believed that turquoise is a stone that causes strong love. Medieval court ladies always carried talismans with turquoise with them in order to charm their chosen one. The lovers gave each other rings with turquoise. If the stone became cloudy, it meant that the love between them had faded. Eastern women, in order to attract the attention of a man, secretly sewed a turquoise stone into his clothes.
Read more about: The magical properties of turquoise
Turquoise was considered a magical talisman by the peoples who lived in different times, on different ends of the planet and had no communication with each other: in Persia, in China, in Ancient Mexico, in India, in Central America, etc. Turquoise was found in the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs, Persian shahs, Aztecs and American Indians.
Huge developments of stone were carried out during the time of the Egyptian pharaohs. Tens of thousands of turquoise jewelry and amulets have been found in the tombs and burials of the pharaohs.
The oldest archaeological find with turquoise is a gold bracelet that was found on the hand of an Egyptian mummy. According to scientists, this decoration was created 8,000 years ago! Therefore, we can safely say that the inhabitants of the pre-Pharaonic era knew about turquoise.
American Indians highly valued turquoise and considered it the petrified tears of the sky goddess - the magic stone was used in all rituals and ceremonies. Among the Aztecs, turquoise was the stone of the gods and a military talisman. Ordinary people were forbidden to wear turquoise - it was presented as a gift to the gods. The burial ritual of leaders was always accompanied by the burial of a large amount of turquoise. Over 50,000 turquoise items were found in Aztec burials!
Buddhists considered and still consider turquoise a sacred stone. Buddhist mythology describes many legends that tell how people managed to defeat the most terrible monsters with the help of turquoise.
IN ancient Rus' turquoise was used in jewelry, as well as to decorate weapons, clothing, and religious objects. Turquoise was used to decorate the attributes of royal power; the stone was used by Russian soldiers as a talisman.
In Medieval Europe, turquoise was a vital necessity– with its help they checked the presence of poison in glasses. The intrigues and machinations of the royal court often led to the death of the king's favorites and queens' favorites. And only the turquoise thrown into the glass accurately showed the wine sent.
In the East, turquoise has always been literally idolized. In Muslim countries, there were many beliefs associated with turquoise - it was believed that the stone brought love, success and wealth. Eastern merchants always had a turquoise ring on their hand, because, as the well-known eastern wisdom says, “the hand that has the turquoise ring on it will never become poor.” Another eastern proverb talks about the relationship of lovers to turquoise: “When you receive a ring with turquoise from the hands of your beloved, this stone will be a soft blue color. But as soon as she stops loving you, the stone will fade and lose its color. This is a sign that you have lost your loved one forever.”
In the Ancient East, turquoise was considered a powerful talisman, with the help of which eye diseases were healed. Medieval healers ground turquoise with ointment and advised rubbing sore eyes with this medicine.
Turquoise is a well-recognized and at the same time such a rare and valuable stone. In Ancient Iran, the cost of turquoise was higher than gold! The Persian Shahs established a monopoly on turquoise mining, so ordinary people it was virtually unavailable. Even today, the highest quality turquoise costs 3-4 times more than gold, since the volume of stone mining is low and the demand is very high.
Color and variety of turquoise
The color of turquoise has many shades: bright blue, bluish blue, light blue, dark green and so on.
Often on one turquoise stone there are several color transitions with many halftones. The piercing blue-green color is formed by a combination of copper, chromium and iron.
The color of high-quality turquoise is very bright and expressive! Hundreds of poets and writers have captured the amazing similarity of this stone to the color of the sea surface.
Blue turquoise is one of the most valuable varieties of the mineral. The blue tint is due to the presence of copper (it does not contain iron). Blue turquoise has a very dense and durable structure, so it is used to create jewelry.
Lace and mesh turquoise
In addition to brightly colored and pale colored types of turquoise, there are also “mesh” and “lace” turquoise. On “mesh” turquoise, the pattern consists of thin intersecting black and brown veins. "Mesh" turquoise (turquoise matrix) is very picturesque and is in high demand in the jewelry market.
Lace turquoise has a delicate and complex pattern created by graceful circles intertwined with each other.
As the stone ages, copper is replaced by iron oxide, and turquoise gradually begins to turn green.
Yellow-green turquoise is valued less than sky blue stone.
Origin of the name
The Russian word "turquoise" comes from the Persian words "firuze" ("stone of happiness") and "piruz" (victory, winner, victorious).
"Firuzaj" is translated from Arabic as "victorious."
Due to the fact that turquoise was very popular in medieval Turkey and was supplied from there to Europe, in many European languages the stone received a “Turkish” name. The French called turquoise "turquoise", which translates as "Turkish stone". Although the stone has never been mined in Turkey. In those years, turquoise was actively mined in Iran and transported along the Great Silk Road through Turkey to Europe. This name for turquoise has been preserved to this day in many Romano-Germanic languages.
In Ancient Rome, turquoise was called “callais”, this is written about in the manuscripts of Pliny the Elder. An ancient Roman writer described that “the color of turquoise resembles the water near the seashore.”
Origin of turquoise
Scientists have several hypotheses about the origin of turquoise. Main hypothesis – turquoise is formed near the earth's surface as a result of cuprous surface solutions affecting rocks(phosphate, igneous, sedimentary aluminous).
There are many legends about the origin of turquoise.
For example, the ancient Persians believed that turquoise was formed from the bones of people who died of love.
Read more about: Myths and legends about turquoise
Turquoise never forms in large solid masses or large pieces. The weight of a piece of pure turquoise is usually no more than 30-50 grams. Most often, this mineral is found in the form of veins, crusts and small round inclusions.
Deposits
The main deposits of turquoise are Egypt, Iran, the Sinai Peninsula, and the USA.
Turquoise is also found in Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Mongolia, China (Tibet), Mexico, Peru, Chile, Israel, Tanzania, Australia, Argentina.
In Sinai, turquoise mining began back in the 6th millennium BC. Today these reserves are virtually depleted. A large volume of turquoise is mined from large copper deposits in the United States at the same time as copper ore is mined.
The highest quality turquoise is mined from deposits in Nishapur (Iran). Despite the fact that these mines were developed back in the 3rd millennium BC, the best varieties of turquoise in the world are mined here today. Nishapur turquoise is the world standard of this mineral.
Application
Turquoise has always been an extremely popular precious and ornamental stone, which was widely used in jewelry by all ancient civilizations on Earth. Since the stone is not very hard, it is not cut, but processed into polished cabochons or beads. Turquoise goes well with silver and gold, as well as with other precious stones. The Egyptians, Romans, Persians, Aztecs and American Indians of the Zuni and Navajo tribes created fantastically beautiful jewelry from silver and turquoise – rings and earrings, bracelets and necklaces, pendants and brooches. The mineral was treated with sand and carefully polished. Turquoise is a very sensitive material, so rough processing can damage it and ruin its appearance.
Jewelers around the world widely use turquoise matrix (reticulated turquoise) and turquoise in rock - these are natural aggregates of turquoise with limonite or other mineral. These stones look simply great. High-quality turquoise rock is still mined today in the same place – in the southwestern United States.
Since ancient times, a beautiful and bright stone has been used to decorate weapons, armor, clothing and attributes of royal power. In the East, hookahs, tiaras, and vessels were abundantly decorated with turquoise.
Thin plates of turquoise were used to create carved artistic products - inlays on metal or wood. Irregularly shaped pieces of turquoise are used to create mosaics.
The popularity and rarity of turquoise have contributed to the fact that the stone has been actively counterfeited for a long time. The Egyptians were the first to imitate turquoise. For counterfeiting, the most various materials– colored glass, porcelain, bone impregnated with copper salts, etc.
Read more about: How to distinguish natural turquoise from a fake.
Medicinal properties of turquoise
Impact on chakras:
Turquoise is the main stone of the 5th Throat Chakra. The stone also has a good effect on the 6th Brow chakra. Turquoise is very often used for meditation. The energy of the stone allows you to discover the ability to contemplate and emotional thinking. Meditation with turquoise helps you remember and realize all your childhood fears and get rid of them, increases mental clarity and articulation, and gives you a peaceful, long sleep.
Silver significantly enhances the effect of turquoise! Therefore, silver jewelry with stones is always in high demand.
Since ancient times, turquoise has been used to protect against accidents. This stone helps people exposed to constant increased danger.
Cleaning Turquoise:
It is recommended to charge turquoise once a month. The procedure must be done in a container specially designated for this purpose. Hematite activates the purification of turquoise, so small hematite stones are added to a bowl of purified water and turquoise. To enhance effectiveness, charge turquoise at the same time as rock crystal and pieces of copper. The stone is extremely sensitive to high temperatures - it is not recommended to heat it or charge it in the sun. Avoid contact with acid and soap.
In ancient times, no doctor could be considered a real healer if he did not have turquoise stones in his healing arsenal - such a doctor was simply not trusted.
Earrings or pendants with turquoise were “prescribed” to strengthen the heart, as well as against kidney diseases and bladder. To speed up the processes of skin regeneration in case of burns, as well as during treatment for smallpox and measles, a turquoise pebble was placed under the pillow of a sick person.
Turquoise powder was taken to save oneself from snake venom that had entered the body. Also, the magic powder helped against deadly scorpion stings. There is evidence that turquoise jewelry stopped bleeding, relieved stomach ulcers and liver diseases. The ancient Persians used turquoise to treat ulcers and tumors. Turquoise set in metal helps normalize all processes in the body and also improves immunity. In many cultures, it was believed that constantly wearing this stone in the solar plexus area significantly prolongs a person’s life.
One of the main properties of turquoise is to change its color depending on its condition. environment. The structure of the stone absorbs moisture and fats and therefore reacts to changes in the state of the human body - it is a kind of indicator of health. The stone reacts to changes in temperature, as well as changes in the humidity of the human body. Darkened turquoise is a sign that the owner of the stone needs to undergo an examination.
Modern lithotherapists who offer a system of stone treatment recommend wearing silver jewelry with turquoise to anyone who suffers from insomnia.
In the diaries of ancient healers there are records that “in a silver frame, turquoise relieves insomnia and nightmares, and in a pendant it stops severe bleeding.”
Doctors of the medieval East noted that “if you finely crush turquoise and lubricate your teeth with this healing powder, it will remove tooth worms and prevent your teeth from rotting.”
There is evidence that ointments made from turquoise healed serious eye diseases - they treated cataracts, returned color to the pupils, and increased the ability to see well at night. It was believed that looking at this beautiful stone daily for a few minutes in the morning would improve vision. Turquoise helps relieve eye strain after long and intense work, and restores vision.
Turquoise helped during childbirth, relieved heartburn and female diseases. Turquoise was used to treat jaundice and various stomach diseases. Nursing mothers were advised to wear turquoise to increase education breast milk. Stroking the abdomen with turquoise helps to cope with chronic stomach diseases - before the procedure, you need to warm the stone in your palms to energize it.
Constantly wearing turquoise is great way prevention of many different diseases (diabetes, allergies, sore throat, flu, rheumatism, arthrosis, skin inflammation, neuroses).
Another healing stone beautiful green shade - chrysoprase. Ancient eastern healers used chrysoprase as medicine– applied to sore spots to treat gout, skin rashes, eye diseases and neuropsychic disorders. Ancient healers noted that the pleasant greenish tint of the stone helps restore good spirits.
Read more about: The healing properties of chrysoprase
History of turquoise
The history of turquoise goes back thousands of years and throughout its journey this mineral has been used increased attention and special honor. The popularity of the stone is confirmed by archaeological excavations.
For example, in Ancient Egypt it is difficult to find a burial that did not contain amazing beautiful jewelry with a stone. Queen Nefertiti herself wore one of these jewelry. The tombs of the pharaohs were especially richly decorated, since they believed that turquoise talismans would help them in the afterlife.
In Ancient Egypt, blue turquoise was especially valued. Thousands of slaves were sent to search for and extract it into the lifeless desert of the Sinai Peninsula, many of whom did not return from the deadly campaign. The color of turquoise was extremely rare, like the stone itself, so such jewelry was very expensive and was available only to the nobility.
The sarcophagus and treasury of Tutankhamun's tomb are decorated with turquoise - the level of workmanship of the products is uniquely high. In addition to countless decorations, the pharaoh's chest ornament was found in the tomb - a golden falcon inlaid with turquoise and other precious stones. A unique specimen of a turquoise scarab was also found here. The Egyptians were famous for their skillful jewelry making and excellent combination of turquoise and gold.
The Egyptians carved figures of scarab beetles from turquoise, which were considered sacred. Such amulets were considered the most spectacular in their magical powers. Scarab beetles symbolized the sun and were revered as cult creatures.
In Ancient China, turquoise was revered very highly and was considered the second favorite national stone in importance - after jade. In Ancient Tibet, turquoise was not even considered a stone, but a living being and a deity. Representatives of the Tibetan nobility took “turquoise” surnames – “Turquoise Roof” and so on.
Turquoise is the national stone of the Iranian (Persian) people. The ancient Persians highly revered this stone and believed that turquoise protected its owner from evil forces and brought happiness. Turquoise was presented to each other as a gift as a sign of love, tenderness and passion.
Turquoise was a mandatory element in wedding decoration the most brides different nations(Volga region, Caucasus, Central Asia). The traditional outfit of a Muslim bride necessarily included jewelry made from this stone, since it symbolized virginity, purity and a happy future. family life. Turquoise rings were exchanged on the day of engagement. Such a ring was a sign of attraction and symbolized eternal love.
Turquoise is the official stone of the US states of Arizona and New Mexico. The Navajo shepherds who live there still carry pieces of turquoise with them to this day because they consider the stone sacred.
Throughout history, the magical properties of turquoise have been noted by bright historical figures from various times.
Tsar Ivan the Terrible was very fond of blue turquoise. There is evidence that shortly before his death, the king complained of weakness and said that turquoise was fading before his eyes, foreshadowing imminent death. The English traveler Horsey recorded the words of Ivan the Terrible: “Look at the turquoise and take it in your hands. It remains as bright as before, but how turquoise fades when you put it on my hand! I am infected with a disease, and therefore the turquoise loses its color. It foretells my death."
Tsar Boris Godunov was also very fond of turquoise - the lower part of his throne, donated by the Shah of Iran in 1604, was decorated with large inserts oval shape made from turquoise. High-quality turquoise was supplied from Iran to Moscow, which was used to decorate the weapons, helmets and thrones of the Russian tsars.
According to Konstantin Danzas (a lyceum friend of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin and a second in his duel), before his death the poet gave him a ring with turquoise, which his wife Natalya Nikolaevna gave him as a talisman. golden ring had pear-shaped, and was decorated with pale green turquoise. Pushkin refused the ring just before the duel.
At the beginning of the 13th century, the English king John the Landless ordered a ring with turquoise to be made for him so that it would warn him of approaching diseases (turquoise reacts by changing color to an increase or decrease in the temperature of the human body).
Turquoise is a very fragile mineral, usually sky blue in color. There are different shades of stone, from soft blue to grayish green. It is considered semi-precious and has been popular since ancient times.
A little history
Worldwide famous name turquoise – “turquoise”, which is translated from French as “Turkish stone”. In fact, this mineral has never been mined in Turkey and is in no way associated with this country. The name arose due to the fact that turquoise first appeared in Europe along the Silk Road from Turkey. That is why Turkish origin and the so-called “cliché” of the stone of the East were attached to it. People were fascinated by the beauty of the stone and believed in its magical properties from the moment they met this delightful mineral. But even now, many years later, the popularity and value of the stone has not decreased.
Mexicans considered turquoise the stone of the gods. The Aztec leader Montezuma had a snake made from a mosaic of turquoise. It is now in the British Museum and is considered to be of historical value.
Turquoise began to be mined back in 2000 BC in the mines of Egypt. Pharaohs and priests wore jewelry made from this wonderful mineral, as they firmly believed in its divine properties. In Islamic countries, it was customary to decorate brides' dresses with turquoise, as this was a symbol of purity, purity, and virginity. In the east, stone was often used to perform various rituals and make religious paraphernalia.
These days the most expensive and beautiful stones are mined in Iran. In addition, there are deposits in Brazil, China, Israel, Afghanistan, Mexico, Australia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
Varieties and colors
The following chemical formula is generally accepted: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 – 4H2O. But scientists have proven that in the process of aging, a turquoise stone can change its chemical composition. The mineral dissolves in hydrochloric acid. When struck, cracks may form in it, and the stone itself acquires a brownish tint.
The color can be either bright or pale. Most often the mineral has a blue color, but bluish-green and pale green tones are also found.
Despite the fact that turquoise may be different shades Based on color characteristics, three main types of minerals are distinguished:
- White - is very rare, since it is a young mineral that has not yet had time to fully form. Not suitable for making any products.
- Green - obtained by mixing basic chemical elements with iron.
- Blue turquoise is the most valuable. How brighter color, the more expensive it costs.
This stone makes very interesting jewelry. Most often, jewelry is made without the use of additional accessories - a necklace or chain of stones. Treated turquoise of irregular shape looks more impressive.
IN traditional format the mineral is cut with silver, since this metal is most suitable for its properties. But there is a frame in white and yellow gold. In addition, turquoise is combined with corals, pearls and mother-of-pearl.
How to check authenticity
Over many centuries, people have come up with a lot of ways to fake turquoise. Thus, glass, lapis lazuli, porcelain, plaster or golite can be used as the basis for a fake. It may be difficult to distinguish an imitation from the original in appearance, but the properties of the stone are naturally lost, which means its value is also lost. There are several ways to distinguish turquoise from a fake:
- Defects. A natural gemstone has various external defects and cannot be perfect. If there are no cracks or chips, and the color is incredibly even, this is a sign that this is a fake.
- Size. The mineral itself is created in small formations. In history, the largest turquoise stone was a specimen weighing 50 grams. If you are holding a large stone in your hands, it is a fake.
- Heating. Naturally, this cannot be done in a jewelry store, but still this is one of the ways to check. The heated fake product will have bad smell, and its surface will begin to melt.
- Price. Faux turquoise costs no more than $30. This is the world famous "ceiling". Natural stones Naturally, they cost much more. To distinguish a fake, you need to know that turquoise beads will cost about $120.
Product care
The stone has pores through which moisture can enter. If you have a turquoise ring, be sure to remove it before washing your hands. Excess moisture can permanently change color.
To clean your jewelry, use soft cloths such as suede or flannel. Treatment with steam or ultrasound is prohibited.
If a stone loses color, it can be restored. To do this, it is worth soaking turquoise with animal fats. But under no circumstances should you use vegetable fats, as they will irreversibly damage the product.
Use separate boxes for storage. Turquoise should not be stored together with other stones. Firstly, it affects the energy and properties, and secondly, hard stones such as diamonds can leave scratches.
Medicinal properties
Turquoise is famous for its healing properties for physiological and mental state person. It should be worn by those who have sleep problems or nightmares. The mineral also has a beneficial effect on the liver, heart, lungs and stomach. Helps strengthen vision, relieve headaches, treat colds, and regenerate skin. If you wear turquoise products around your neck, your vocal cords are restored and your thyroid gland is treated.
Turquoise, like any living organism, is born, experiences youth, maturity and ages. Over the course of life, the color and healing properties of the mineral change. Bright blue turquoise has the most effective effect at the peak of youth. Green stone has significantly less healing properties.
In Mongolia, it is believed that the stone is able to convey the mood and physical state of its owner. If it suddenly fades, then this is a sign of serious illness of the person who wears it. And this has nothing to do with magical properties, rather with natural ones. After all, turquoise does not tolerate heat and humidity. When a person is sick, his body changes its temperature and humidity, to which the stone reacts.
Magic properties
Unlike healing properties, the magical properties of the gem have not been proven. At the same time, turquoise is a symbol of goodness. The mineral is able to bring peace and prosperity to the home, eliminate quarrels and scandals between spouses, improve relationships with friends and relatives, and find love.
It is also considered a money stone. But money doesn't appear out of nowhere. Financial well-being comes to the owner of turquoise through increased intuition, courage, insight and foresight.
Most of all, women will like turquoise products. This stone is able to attract men, draw their attention to female sexuality and beauty. Even in ancient times, jewelry with turquoise was given as a sign of sincere and pure love, loyalty and devotion.
It is recommended to buy turquoise products for children to ward off the evil eye, evil spirits. You should also remember about medicinal properties gems that help calm down, fall asleep, and eliminate problems with nightmares. Travelers take this stone with them to prevent danger on the road and make the trip easy and enjoyable.
Mineral and astrology
It is believed that the energy of the stone affects people of different astrological affiliations differently, i.e. the mineral is not suitable for every zodiac sign.
Since turquoise is a stone of the elements of water and earth, astrologers advise Taurus, Scorpio and Sagittarius to wear the gem.
It is also worth paying attention to what constellation a person was born under. The most favorable planets are considered to be Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Venus.
The name also leaves a certain imprint on a person’s energy. Turquoise is most suitable for Vadim, Vladislav, Vasilina, Vasilisa, Larisa and Marina.
Turquoise has a long history. The stone began to bring happiness many centuries ago. It is impossible to deny him magic and power. Crystals are not subjected to various processing processes; they are used in jewelry in their natural form. Pure crystals decorate, heal, and improve fate.
Various civilizations are familiar with stone. It is unknown who became the first owner, but there are a huge number of legends and stories about the appearance of the mineral. Most famous stories:
Ivan the Terrible showed the palace entourage how the crystal changed in his hands. He understood that death was near.
Boris Godunov admired the play blue lights, calming your excited psyche. A throne decorated with turquoise inserts was brought to the king from Persia.
There are many descriptions of the mineral, as well as names. In Ancient Egypt, callais (turquoise) found its place in Natural History. It was found in the form of ledges on rocks in places inaccessible to humans. It seemed to the ancients that the stone did not grow from the mountain, but appeared from above and clung to it. The mineral received its modern name, turquoise, in the 13th century. The version of the translation from Persian is accepted, but the words are different:
- Firuze is a crystal of happiness.
- Pyruz is the mineral of winners.
In countries, the sound of the gift of the Earth is close, but individual for each language:
- In China it is called liu sonshi and has been mined for more than 3 thousand years.
- In Europe it is called Turkish stone, after the place from which it came.
Color palette of stones
The mystical powers invested in turquoise depend on the color. It is not clear which shade of turquoise stone is stronger. All colors have a common tone, but the natural highlight differs in mystery. Master jewelers work on the shades; they create masterpieces and help turquoise remain fashionable and attractive for any age.
The most popular color classification:
- turquoise;
- light;
- dark;
- bright;
- turquoise pearls;
- aquamarine;
- blue turquoise;
- cyanogen;
- very dark;
- thrush eggs;
- heavenly turquoise;
- Electric color.
It is difficult for those who describe each color to convey the shade of the stones, so most often they are displayed in the form of drawings or photographs. Such palettes help you choose your own, consider what the surface of the mineral is. People admire stones, choosing words to describe their natural colors. Which shades are most admired:
- pale - tenderness;
- light – the warmth of summer clouds;
- dark – depth of the sea;
- bright – youth and optimism;
- pearl - health.
09.08.2013, 17:14
MiG-25BMBoth failed to load. Here the top display does not light up more than 2 MV. I'll process it and upload it.
09.08.2013, 17:28
MiG-25BMAttachments: 1
09.08.2013, 18:02
MiG-25BMAttachments: 1
10.08.2013, 07:31
FencerThanks for the link. I didn’t even imagine that such a project was based on the MiG-25.
10.08.2013, 22:28
FLOGGER11.08.2013, 18:01
Fencer11.03.2014, 03:13
AssaulterQuestion about the onboard part of the automated guidance equipment for the MiG-25PD/PDS interceptors:
Sources indicate that they were equipped with BAN-75 equipment. In “Russian Air Defense Aviation and NTP” it is written that the “Biryuza” switchgear is installed (P.131).
That is, BAN-75 only worked with Turquoise? What about "Lazur"/"Lazur-M"? And is there a photo of the BAN-75 control panel in the MiG cockpit: it would be interesting to take a look...
And another question about the Turquoise itself - is it an air defense switchgear? Is her appearance connected with the hijacking of Belenko’s MiG-25?
11.03.2014, 03:31
AssaulterAttachments: 2
This, as I understand it, is the Lazuri remote control on the MiG-25P:
And this already turns out to be a MiG-25PD/PDS, but you can’t make out what it is. It’s only clear that it’s not “Lazur”
13.03.2014, 20:01
Nikolay-78Attachments: 2
BAN is probably on-board guidance equipment, if there is no good photograph of the launcher with 25PD/PDS, you can try to solve this problem from the other side. Knowing the configuration and time of creation of the aircraft, you need to look for this launcher on interceptor fighters corresponding to 25PD in time (filling the board): these are 23P and 31. For 31-2 variants BAN. The first was also called "Rainbow" - 2 work directions, the second "Turquoise" - 4 work directions. Both BANs had ALM-"Lazur"_wave, cipher, spacing modes. At the 31st launcher it was located in the second cabin on the left behind the ores (not applicable to BS and B/BM). (It’s like Windows - a newer version works with older extensions). Here’s what the Rainbow remote control looked like (the panels were rearranged for the Mig-25PD)
13.03.2014, 20:33
AssaulterAttachments: 2
Nikolai Ivanovich, thanks for the tip and photo!
Here I also found the PD/PDS cabin - only the very edge of the BAN remote control is visible:
There’s just some confusion: it looks like a “Rainbow” 5U15K, in books on the MiG-25 it is written that the on-board equipment is not just BAN, but specifically BAN-75, Fedosov in his book writes that the switchgear equipment is “Birquoise” ".
I also looked at the MiG-29 guidance control:
Generally a different remote control. And the index of the system is completely different E502-20 “Turquoise” ...P.S.
And on the MiG-31, the second version of the equipment seems to be 11G6 “Spectrum”, but just “Turquoise”?13.03.2014, 23:05
Nikolay-78Attachments: 1
01 is equipped with on-board air target guidance equipment BAN-75 (5U-15K "Raduga-Bort") or 11G6 "Spectrum" (but 11G6 was installed only on 10 boards; on B/BS it has a different remote control) So BAN 75 PD = BAN 01 remote controls are identical. And on the 29th, the equipment for the command radio control line KRU E-502-20 "Turquoise" is part of the ALLOY system: guidance to both air and ground targets. Dir. Turquoise - 12 planes at the same time, Lazur - 3 planes.
22.08.2014, 11:01
Fencer22.08.2014, 12:22
FLOGGERYes, they are different lengths.
As far as I know, the museum did not have the opportunity to find other nozzles and transfer them to this machine.
Museum workers, of course, would not have found the nozzles themselves. But ask the military to help them in this matter - why not?
And, then, pay attention, the nozzles are really not installed, not adjusted. but simply crammed in as much as it was possible to do with the help of the museum.
Don't mind it, it's real museum version airplane.
In my opinion, this is most likely PDS. P did not have a direction finder. I. In addition, P had a bunch of sensors and antennas on the PVD boom. The PD and PDS have a bare barbell.01.11.2016, 23:58
FLOGGERThe following question arose: I came across the following phrase on the Internet: “On MiG-25R aircraft with numbers 020STOS, “conventional” wingtips are installed instead of fairings with anti-flutter weights.” I can't figure out what this number is? If you mean 020ST03, then this is only one airplane. If OZ is letters, then how do you understand what kind of number (or numbers?) it is? I know of only two aircraft with such winglets - this is MIG-25R No. 45 and another one is in Kubinka on the territory of the 121st ARZ with b\n 28. Can someone clarify this issue?
02.11.2016, 01:38
LindrShould read: On MiG-25R aircraft with numbers 020STOS
That is, from 06-03
02.11.2016, 21:35
FLOGGERBut it’s written the way it’s written, I didn’t make it up. You also wrote the letter “O” instead of “0”. I would, of course, like the authors of such texts to monitor what they write so that questions do not arise about what they write. But this does not bring clarity either. Even from 06-03. But according to what? How many reconnaissance aircraft with winglets were produced?
P.S. I once asked to photograph this plane, which is in Kubinka, but it never happened. Unfortunately. It would be interesting to look at him. I suspect that there were very few such cars, but one has survived...
09.08.2013, 17:10
MiG-25BMAttachments: 1
I am posting all the MiG25 RB boards.