Geometric figures and their names - tasks in pictures. Geometric shapes and their names - tasks in pictures Geometric shapes with faces

For what small child teach geometric shapes? Surely, many parents do not even think about this issue, simply paying tribute to fashion and teaching their child mathematics almost from birth. Meanwhile, geometric figures for children and their timely study play a big role in the knowledge of the environment, introducing them to one of the main properties of objects - shape. This is necessary for development logical thinking, spatial representations, improving mathematical abilities. That’s why it’s important to start getting acquainted with geometric shapes as early as possible, reinforcing the children’s knowledge with exciting tasks in everyday life.

What should a child know about geometric shapes?

Important: Geometric shapes - generally accepted standards, measures of the shape of objects. Therefore, familiarizing a child with forms at home should not take place separately, but in the system of sensory (sensory) education. The baby will best remember the shape when he simultaneously examines the color, size, and purpose of the object, since in a variety of activities knowledge is actively used and is better remembered.

Learning geometric shapes with kids: main rules

Important: How to teach a child to name and distinguish geometric shapes easy and fast! To do this you need to adhere certain rules. With chaotic, inconsistent learning, the baby may confuse the figures and not see their similarities and differences.

Riddles in verse

I have no corners and I look like a saucer, a plate and a lid, a ring and a wheel. Who am I, friends? Call me (circle).

He has been a friend of mine for a long time, every angle in him is straight. All four sides are the same length. I'm glad to introduce him to you. What's his name? (square).

Look at the figure and draw in the album, three corners, three sides, connect them together. The result was not a square, but a beautiful (triangle).

There is such a circle - a very strange appearance. The circle became flattened, suddenly it turned out (an oval).

We stretched out the square and presented it to the eye. Who did he look like or something very similar to?
Neither a brick nor a triangle - it became a square (rectangle).

Fairy tale "Two Brothers" (an adult draws to the rhythm of the verse)

Once upon a time in dark forest In a figured hut there lived two brothers, two squares. And they were twins. See for yourself:
You can see in the picture - each has 4 sides, 4 corners and 4 vertices.
Once I was walking around the first square between the bushes, knocking on the path with four corners.
And the animals say: “Who is this? The first square or its brother, the second square? How similar they are!
Remember in the picture: 4 sides, 4 corners and 4 vertices.
The square got tired of being confused with his brother, and he decided to change, to turn into another figure.
He took scissors and cut off four corners for himself. It turned into a circle and rolled along the path.
And life is wonderful for the brothers now; it’s hard to confuse the brothers now:
One rolls along the paths, the other walks on four corners - four legs.
Two brothers are still friends - a circle with a square!

Important: Peculiarities of children's perception geometric shapes not at all the same as in adults. For example, an adult sees objects according to their shapes (a pan is a cylinder, a window is a rectangle). The child, on the contrary, first objectifies the form (square - kite, triangle - roof of the house, circle - ball, several circles - glasses, beads). With proper training, he begins to abstract from objects and perceive a familiar figure in the environment, for example, a glass as a cylinder (cylindrical in shape), a roof as a triangle (triangular in shape), a ball as a ball (round in shape).

Playing with geometric shapes!

Teachers remind that preschoolers receive basic knowledge about geometric shapes in kindergarten, and homework is aimed at consolidating what is being studied. Therefore, the most the best remedy At home there will be play as the main activity of the kids. It is in the game that unobtrusively, easily and quickly the child will learn all the names of the figures, learn to compare and distinguish them. Among educational games for teaching geometric shapes, the championship belongs to board games. They can be played in the evenings, during family leisure, or made part of any home activity or entertainment.

"What's Hidden"

The classic game is understandable and accessible even to a two-year-old child. An adult lays out images of familiar shapes in front of the child: a circle, a square, a triangle. Since there must be at least five cards, figures are used for the number different color and sizes, for example, two squares - large and small, two triangles - blue and yellow, one circle. Consider them with your child, discuss them, make sure he understands what figures are in front of him and can name them correctly. Then the baby closes his eyes, the adult hides one of the figures and asks what is hidden. With age, the number of figures increases, new ones are added to the old ones.

"In one word"

The game "geometric shapes" is aimed at developing in children a generalization of similar shapes. An adult needs to prepare circles, squares and triangles different sizes and colors. The preschooler must distribute the presented figures into groups, regardless of color and size, and name them with a general word, for example, all squares. Alternatively, you can make the tasks more difficult by offering to group shapes only by color or size.

"Wonderful bag"

Games like the “wonderful bag” are well known to children of kindergarten age. They are useful in that they give an idea of ​​the contours of objects, teach examination by touch and exercise in distinguishing shapes. An adult prepares a bag with objects of different shapes, for example, a cube, a ball, a ball, a brick, a conical pyramid. The player examines them and names the shape of the toy he wants to get. To complicate the task, older children are asked to find a specific shape, for example, “Find a round toy.”

"Magic glasses"

Improvised glasses are pre-prepared from thick paper of various shapes: round, square. The game is interesting to all children, it helps expand their understanding of geometric shapes and find objects of a certain shape in the surrounding space. For example, a child puts on round glasses and looks for everything round around him: a plate, the bottom of a vase, a lampshade of a chandelier, a carpet, grandma’s glasses. For each correct selection the player is awarded a chip and then receives an incentive prize at the end of the game.

"Patches - patches"

For a lesson on consolidating ideas about geometric shapes, you need a selection of pictures depicting various objects that have “holes” - unpainted places of different shapes, for example, a dress has a round hole, a boot has a square one. Among the different “patches,” the child chooses the one he needs and connects it to the object. It will be interesting if an adult himself prepares images for the game, for example, cuts out things from paper (sweater, skirt, trousers, boots, hat). As an option for playing "patches - patches", you can purchase didactic game into “Velcro”, which are very similar in rules and content

"What's Broken"

This task will help teach children to notice what form is missing in the depicted object and develop attention. For the game you can use pictures, applique from cut out parts, building material. The main thing is that the object must consist of parts geometric shape. For example, an adult lays out a “house” applique, where the details are a triangle - a roof, a rectangle - a wall, a square - a window, a small rectangle - a door, a circle - a window in the attic, a quadrangle - a pipe. The child carefully examines the image and closes his eyes, the adult removes any detail, mixing it with any others. You need to guess what is broken at the house and “fix it” by finding the missing part. In the future, you can complicate the task by not immediately adding a certain form or by removing two forms at the same time. If this is a drawn image, then the child draws in the missing details, for example, a circle - a wheel on a car, rectangles - windows on a turret.

"Game with sticks"

An interesting task for middle and older preschoolers, which simultaneously develops motor skills and the ability to compose geometric shapes. If there are no counting sticks, you can use matches or toothpicks, prepare them in advance, cut off the sulfur head or sharp ends so that the baby does not get hurt. Such a task can be carried out in the form of a competition during family leisure time, “who can make a figure the fastest?”, “Who has the most complex figure?” Then reward the winner with a prize. At some point it must become a child. An adult, for example, can mark it original solution or a carefully and neatly laid out figure.

“What was useful to the artist in the painting”

For older preschoolers, you can use an original task of looking at pictures, which not only reinforces the names of the figures, but also develops visual perception and the ability to see different shapes in an unusual setting. The adult selects illustrations of appropriate content, which the artist draws using geometric shapes. Then he invites the preschooler to look at the picture and find familiar shapes. If any of them are still unfamiliar to the preschooler, be sure to pay attention to them and tell them what they are called and what objects are similar to them. To complicate the game, you can count how many geometric shapes were needed to depict the picture.

"Geometric Lotto"

A classic task to familiarize children with geometric shapes teaches them to compare the shape of an object with a geometric figure and select images based on a standard. To create a competitive moment that is interesting for children, it is better to play with the whole family. The rule is classic: on large cards there are images of different shapes, for example, an oval, a circle, a triangle. The presenter says the name of the item on a small card, for example, apple, cucumber, scarf, TV. Players look for the shape of the named item on their card and cover it with the corresponding picture. The player who quickly and correctly closes the card wins.

"Geometric mosaic"

This educational game will help children consolidate their understanding of geometric shapes. In addition, it will teach preschool children to transform them, focusing on a standard (sample), and will help creative imagination. The rules of the game are simple and accessible to children of any age; for older ones, the number of details increases and the plots become more complex. Players must assemble some objects from several geometric shapes. For kids, these can be houses of different sizes and configurations, cars, turrets, bridges, the sun, flowers, patterns; for older children - figurines of fairy-tale or cartoon characters, story pictures: vase of flowers, street, road, carpet, animals, people of different professions. Be sure to note the creativity of the preschool child and praise him. Perhaps leave the posted picture for a while to show all your loved ones. The main thing is that such educational mosaics can be purchased in a special store, or you can make them yourself, similar to Montessori toys.

There are an infinite number of forms. Shape is the external outline of an object.

The study of shapes can begin from early childhood, drawing your child’s attention to the world around us, which consists of shapes (a plate is round, a TV is rectangular).

From the age of two, a child should know three simple figures– circle, square, triangle. At first he should just show them when you ask. And at the age of three, you can already name them yourself and distinguish a circle from an oval, a square from a rectangle.

The more exercises a child does to consolidate shapes, the more new shapes he will remember.

The future first-grader must know all the simple geometric shapes and be able to make applications from them.

What do we call a geometric figure?

A geometric figure is a standard with which you can determine the shape of an object or its parts.

Figures are divided into two groups: flat figures, three-dimensional figures.

We call plane figures those figures that are located in the same plane. These include circle, oval, triangle, quadrangle (rectangle, square, trapezoid, rhombus, parallelogram) and all kinds of polygons.

Three-dimensional figures include: sphere, cube, cylinder, cone, pyramid. These are those shapes that have height, width and depth.

Follow two simple tips when explaining geometric figures:

1. Patience. What seems simple and logical to us adults will seem simply incomprehensible to a child.
2. Try drawing shapes with your child.
3. Game. Start learning shapes in game form. Good exercise to consolidate and study flat shapes - applications from geometric shapes. For voluminous ones, you can use ready-made store-bought games, and also choose applications where you can cut out and glue a voluminous shape.

How to introduce a child to geometry?

Geometry- a science that can and should be taught to children from a very early age.

This page presents a selection of materials - cards, coloring pages, topics for assignments, games, with the help of which you can easily introduce your child to basic geometric shapes and figures.
You can open, download and print all materials using direct links.

Cards with geometric shapes and shapes

Bright cards with the most basic geometric shapes and shapes. Cards can be used as visual aid at the first lesson.

Geometry for children - coloring pages, copybooks, workbook

1. Coloring book for children 3-5 years old. Each page of the notebook contains simple graphic exercises and tasks.
Download

2. Workbook in 2 parts with clear and interesting tasks for children 3-4 years old. By completing tasks, the child will become familiar with geometry and learn the names of geometric figures and shapes.
Download Download
3. Another very good notebook for introductory lessons with geometry for children 4-5 years old. The notebook contains many exciting and funny tasks, by completing which the child will easily learn the basic basics and concepts of geometry.

4. A notebook with educational and developmental tasks for children 6-7 years old.
In the notebook, the child is asked to complete simple graphic tasks. The child learns to work with a ruler and compass.
Download

Books about geometry for children

1. An entertaining book in verse “Fun geometry for the little ones” - author Alexander Timofeevsky.

Funny and playful poems will help kids quickly get to know and remember a lot of important information about geometric shapes and the scale of objects.
In the funny poems of A. Timofeevsky, humor and jokes will help the little reader relate still incomprehensible geometric concepts with long-familiar everyday objects. Children will see a trapezoid in a skirt, a circle in a plate, and a cylinder in a pipe. And, as the poet said, “school science will be given into your hands.”
The book can be downloaded and printed, but it is better, of course, to purchase the original.

You can buy the book "Fun Geometry for the Little Ones" in the Labyrinth online store -

Caring for harmonious development child is the main responsibility of attentive parents. However, not all adults approach this mission correctly. Some parents are engaged in the education of their children almost immediately after being discharged from the maternity hospital, others rely on eminent teachers and kindergarten teachers, and still others turn their treasure into a guinea pig on which all methods gleaned from manuals, audio materials or specialized Youtube channels are tested.

There is only one rule: you need to introduce your child to geometric shapes in an interesting, easy and unobtrusive way. There is no need to demand perseverance and attentiveness from the baby. It’s better to include acquiring new knowledge in your daily activities.

When does a baby encounter geometric shapes?

There is nothing wrong with the fact that from the first months of life, a child will hear from parents phrases like “now we’ll take a round ball”, “let’s play with a triangular toy”, “what interesting things can be hidden in a square box?” The main thing is not to impose activities on the child and not to rush him.

With the right and careful approach, already to two years of age, children will be able to distinguish a triangle and a circle from a square. At the age of 3, children become even more familiar with geometric shapes. They further study the rectangle, diamond and oval. Preschoolers should become familiar with the trapezoid, ellipse and other complex geometric shapes.

Why does a child need to learn geometric shapes?

Benefit early development difficult to dispute. Active learning contributes to the formation of a harmonious and creative personality. If from an early age a child gets used to constantly learning new things, then there will be no difficulties in assimilating information.

Why introduce your baby to geometric shapes?

• Each object has a property and a form. For example, we look at the landscape on the street through a rectangular window, eat from a round plate, look in an oval mirror, and so on.
• If the child masters basic knowledge, then training in elementary school will be an easy and exciting adventure for him.
• Studying geometric shapes will allow the baby to play games that are inaccessible to little fidgets who do not know what it is. For example, do a round dance “Wider Circle”.
• Studying the shapes of objects helps a child expand his horizons and vocabulary.
• Mastering new knowledge is a workout for the brain.

However, there will be no benefit in learning geometric shapes if the whole process comes down to coercion, boring memorization and constant control from parents. You don’t need to spend a lot of time on one task, since kids tend to be active and restless.

5 rules for learning shapes

Remember that all information that seems elementary to us is new to children. Not every child manages to remember everything at once, without confusion in definitions. Another mistake by a child is not a reason for anger and increased demands from adults.

Rules for studying figures:

• Include the process of learning new things in your daily life. Give your child a book and tell him that it is rectangular in shape. At lunch, remind your child that he eats from a round plate.
• Use toys of the correct geometric shape: cubes, balls, construction parts.
• Get feedback. Regularly ask what shape the roof of a house, a window, or a car wheel resembles. Watch educational videos together and ask your child to retell what he heard and saw.
• Buy rectangular dough molds and try to bake delicious cookies with your child.
• Play games where knowledge of the correct geometric shapes is especially useful. Ask your little one to give you hints while you train your brain with Visual Geometry. A preschooler will be especially interested in the game “Complex geometric switching”.

Mastering figures should be a fun process that is not associated with hysterics and screaming. It is important for parents to combine persistence with creative approach so that activities with your child do not turn into a boring chore.

How to make geometric shapes interesting for children?

There are many ways to organize children's acquaintance with objects and their shapes. Let's look at the most interesting options:

• A sorter is a fascinating educational toy that allows a child to learn about the properties of shapes. The toddler selects an object of the desired shape for the hole. The sorter helps the baby learn shapes, develop fine motor skills and develop logical thinking.
• Soft mosaic that even a child under 3 years old will love. It is impossible to swallow or break its parts, but using them to study the figures is very desirable.
• Three-dimensional stickers depicting geometric shapes that a child encounters everywhere will make the process of acquiring new knowledge almost unnoticeable. At the same time, the result of “hidden learning” will last for a long time.
• Doman cards. Using visual materials will allow parents to explain faster new information, and it’s easier for children to remember it.
• Specialized cartoons are the ideal tool for homeschooling. On the one hand, parents will be able to leave their child unattended for a short time. On the other hand, the baby will only gain useful information.
• Games based on the method of Maria Montessori.

Combining the above options, taking into account the needs and interests of the baby, will definitely bring a positive result.

Studying figures using the Montessori method

A child’s acquaintance with forms consists of two components: the attitude of the parents and the correct selection of materials. Maria Montessori invites kids to learn geometry in a playful way:

• From an opaque package or bag, the child picks up an object hidden by an adult and tries to determine its shape without looking.
• A preschooler can come up with a definition word. For example, ask your child to name shapes that can roll.
• Names shapes with and without angles.
• Ask your child to imagine his associations. Let the baby say or draw what a triangle, circle, oval and other geometric shapes look like.

In addition, parents can cut out or buy stencils that the child will trace. On the one hand, he will be able to confidently hold a pen or pencil in his hand. On the other hand, he will quickly remember the names and outlines of geometric shapes.

Don't forget about the importance of drawings. When creating paintings together, do not forget to pronounce the shapes of objects. For example, “we will draw a square box containing round apples.”

Geometry for a child is an ambiguous subject, since there are many figures, and even more ways to study them. To prevent a young student from having a “mess in his head,” parents should choose no more than 5 teaching methods, which will alternate from time to time. The process of studying figures should not last longer than 10 minutes at a time, as the baby will quickly get tired and will often get confused. Fighting fatigue will not bring anything good to either an adult or a child.

To prevent geometric shapes from becoming scary monsters for children, you should not immediately talk about all possible shapes. Start with a circle. Draw it with your finger on the baby’s palm, tell him about the warm sun, pay attention to the shape of the plate at dinner. When the baby easily remembers what a circle is, move on to studying another figure. For example, tell your little fidget about a square box. Always compare familiar geometric shapes with new objects you brought for the children. Constantly returning to this topic will help the adult understand what shapes of objects the baby remembers well.

Every child is a genius. The main task of a parent is to help him recognize and recognize this. In the first years of life, a child is ready for intellectual achievement, so adults need to gently and carefully encourage the development of his natural abilities. Make learning about geometric shapes creative and interesting. Don't demand the impossible from your child! Always give him space for imagination.

There are a lot of techniques for children representing geometric shapes on the modern market. Below are the main ones, as well as games that develop the child.

Nowadays, great importance is attached to the early development of a child. Children begin to be taught almost from the maternity hospital. There are many games, books, video and audio materials that help children quickly master such simple - at first glance - topics as letters, numbers, shapes, colors. Cards showing geometric shapes are especially popular for kids. This guide is clear and concise. It allows the child to quickly and easily master the necessary knowledge.

When should I start learning geometric shapes?

In general, you can introduce your child to shapes from the first months. There is nothing wrong if you show him pictures or toys in a playful way, without annoying your baby, clearly pronouncing the name of the shape (circle, square, etc.).

Thus, by the age of two years, the child should know three forms well:

1. triangle;
2. circle;
3. square.

By three years, the following should be added to this list:

• oval;
• rhombus;
• rectangle.

By the way, much attention is paid to the study of geometric shapes in the Maria Montessori method. Her materials include several games that help a child quickly learn to identify the shapes of objects. We will talk about them further.

Why should a child learn geometric shapes?

Much has already been said about the benefits of early development. It is the active learning of a child in the period from birth to three years that shapes his creativity and fluency of thinking, diligence and love of knowledge, and the ability to quickly assimilate information.

The study of forms is necessary for several other reasons.

• The whole world around consists of figures (a circle is a car wheel, a plate, the sun; a square is a window, a chair seat, etc.).
• Preparing for school - the sooner the child masters simple knowledge, the easier it will be for him to study at school.
• Studying shapes will allow the baby to play those games that are inaccessible to children who do not know what a circle, square, etc. are.
• By studying geometric shapes, a child expands his horizons, trains his brain, and increases his vocabulary.

5 rules for teaching geometric shapes

It is worth remembering that all information that seems elementary to us is new and often incomprehensible to children. This rule almost always works with geometric shapes. Therefore, if a child confuses a circle with a square and does not want to correct himself, be patient and do not scold the baby for his mistakes.

For faster and easier learning by your little one, follow these simple tips.

1. Point out geometric shapes to your baby in everyday life. Show your child the book and tell him that it is rectangular. Show him the saucer and give him the definition of “circle.”
2. Try to get feedback. Ask your child what category the house, table, pillow belong to. Watch the educational video and ask your child to tell you what he saw.
3. Use toys of the correct geometric shapes. Buy round and triangular molds, cubes, and a ball for your baby.
4. Play games that require knowledge of the names of the pieces (see below).
5. Watch videos and cartoons that talk about shapes (like Baby Einstein).

Games "Geometric shapes" for children

Sorter

This is one of the baby's first educational toys, allowing him to learn about the properties of different shapes. The essence of the sorter is that for a certain hole you need to select a toy of the appropriate shape (ball, cube, etc.). The child very quickly begins to understand what's what.

Such a toy not only teaches the little one to quickly distinguish between figures of different geometric shapes, but also trains fine motor skills of the fingers, and also develops logical thinking.

Games using the Montessori method

Maria Montessori, as mentioned above, attached great importance to geometric shapes in the baby's educational games. In her methodology, there are several ways to introduce a child to geometry in a playful way. For example:

• Place the shapes in an opaque bag or bag. Let the baby take one toy at a time and, without taking it out, determine what shape it is.
• For an older child, you can come up with the following task: say a definition word, for example, “they are riding.” The child must name the forms that have this property.
• You can invite the baby to name all the shapes with or without corners, with or without edges.
• A creative version of the game with figures. Ask your child to imagine and say what a circle, square, or triangle looks like.

In the Montessori method, there is a special device called “Frames and Liners”. This is a kind of analogue of the sorter that we talked about above.

Drawings and stencils

If your child likes to draw, then use this to teach him to recognize shapes. Draw a house together. Say all the details: The windows are square, the roof is a triangle, etc.

You can also offer your child stencils. You can cut them yourself from thick paper or purchase ready-made ones.

By tracing this or that figure, the child will learn to draw them (“teach his hand”), and your comments (this is a circle, this is a triangle) will help your child remember their names faster.

Doman cards

The Doman method is very popular among parents interested in the early development of their child. It involves the use of visual cards to better assimilate the acquired knowledge by the child. Doman has a separate set of cards dedicated to geometric shapes. You can buy or download it on the Internet (you can also find a video about this technique there).

Literature and teaching material

Below are the most popular and effective techniques and materials for introducing children to geometric shapes.

• "School of the Seven Dwarfs"

In the series of books for the early development of children “School of the Seven Dwarfs” there are two dedicated to shapes: “Square and Circle” (for children from birth to one year), “Shape. Color" (for children from 1 to 2 years old). The books present the main figures in a large and clear manner.

• Geometric shapes. Soft mosaic

A very convenient and bright way to introduce your child to shapes. The mosaic is made of safe soft material. The baby will be interested in looking at its details and collecting pictures from them.

• Coloring pages

There are a lot of such educational books on the modern market. You can highlight “ Smart coloring. Smeshariki" with children's favorite characters from the cartoon of the same name.

• Stickers

Reusable stickers will also be very useful when your child is learning “geometry for the little ones.” These stickers can be placed anywhere! In the bathroom, in the children's room, in the kitchen. Offer your baby a game: you need to find objects of one kind or another in the environment.

Cartoons about geometric shapes

Conclusion

Teaching and introducing your child to geometric shapes is not only important, but also very interesting! Show your imagination, come up with your own games and tasks for your child, show interesting videos, and he will answer you with love and gratitude.