How are tights made? Nylon fabric: obtaining nylon, application and composition How women's tights are made.

A DIY top made from tights or leggings is another “fashionable” invention from fashion YouTube bloggers. Just a few minutes - and an unsuccessful pair of tights turns into a “fashionable” spectacular top.

How to make a top from tights

It's simple! You will only need tights and scissors, as well as a flat surface (table) on which you can perform all the actions.

First, you need to cut off the “feet” of the tights:

Step 1: cut off the “feet” of the tights

Then you will need to cut off the gusset. Please note: for the future top, only tights with a regular gusset are suitable, and not with a wide back insert. Tights without a gusset are also not suitable.

To begin, carefully lay the tights on the surface. This is important, otherwise you might cut off something unnecessary.

Step 2. Carefully lay out the tights so as to provide access to the gusset.

We cut off the gusset along with the seam with which it was sewn.

The resulting “hole” will be the cutout of the future top.

The tights top is almost ready!

That's probably all. You can make sure that nothing unnecessary sticks out anywhere, and that the “legs” of the tights, which have now become the sleeves of the top, are the same length. The top is ready, you can try it on!

If you take thick tights that are the same along the entire length, you will get a plain, tight-fitting top. But if you use black tights with shorts, you will get an “elegant” evening top with transparent sleeves:

Clever, isn't it? But only at first glance. After all, you and I know very well that tights cause arrows, and they won’t spare your newfangled top, made on the advice of popular video bloggers:

Tights top: arrows will quickly creep up.

You can make a top from leggings in a similar way. Leggings are usually thicker than tights, and you can also choose options with an interesting print.

If you have unnecessary leggings suitable for execution, then you can get started, nothing will be difficult.

To begin, carefully fold the leggings in half lengthwise. If you are not confident in your cutting abilities, then it is better not to take risks, but lay out the leggings in exactly one layer: this way there will be less chance of cutting crookedly.

Step 1. Carefully fold the leggings in half lengthwise.

If you decide to take a chance and fold the leggings in half, now carefully cut out the gusset, if there is one, and if there is none, then a hole similar in shape to the one you see in the photo:

Step 2. Cut out the hole for the future neck of the top.

That's all: the leggings top is ready! If you use leggings and not tights, you won’t even have to cut off the toe-heel part - you understand, it is missing from the very beginning.

Trying on the top:

Well, at first glance, the idea of ​​making a simple top out of bad tights or leggings seems like a good idea. In fact, it is unlikely that such a top will be successful. Firstly, the picture will be significantly spoiled by the back and front seams, which on normal tops are located on the side and not in the center chest or back. Secondly, untreated seams will immediately become the source of many arrows. In general, the process of making such a top looks more impressive, rather than the result.

But, despite the crazyness of the idea, television does not hesitate to show stories with recommendations on how to make a top out of tights or leggings.

The nylon used in the manufacture of tights initially has a light transparent and durable appearance. The elasticity of nylon is much higher than the elasticity of silk thread. The strength of nylon thread depends on strict adherence to the necessary parameters and characteristics during its manufacture. Nylon threads with a diameter of 0.10 mm can withstand 0.60 kg of weight.

Manufacturing process

Today, the highest quality polyamide materials are used to produce high-quality nylon tights. They are characterized by increased strength. The technology used in the production of nylon tights is a rather complex process that requires a large number of different equipment.

Production stages

How are nylon tights made? Production processes include certain processing stages, such as: for knitting 2 tube-shaped blanks, special devices are used. It takes approximately 1–2 minutes to knit 2 pieces. Then, in the next production stage, various sewing operations are performed. Use sewing machines, which have an execution function flat seam. After this, the product is painted on a special dyeing device.

Main equipment used

Use devices with needle selection for each system (using a monomagnet). They have the ability to create different loop variations using loop-forming wedges controlled by a stepper motor.

The device has electronic control of the functions performed and diagnostics of all processes that are in operation. The required dimensions, images and their location are made using a programming device on which specialized software is installed.

Tights still won’t serve you for years or even months. But plus a few days is already an achievement.

More tenderness

If nylon tights cannot withstand contact with nails and tear as soon as you take them out of the box, then you can take the simple route and put on gloves before putting on the tights. Soft, thin, that will hide sharp nails or a not too smooth manicure.

The same goes for hard shoes. If you put a pad or sock on your tights, they will take on the entire load from friction against the surface of the shoe. This method is worth remembering if, for example, you have to wear closed shoes during the day and wear more open ones in the evening.

Even more tenderness

This is already about the issue of washing and drying. No powders, machine washes or emergency drying between the hair dryer and the battery. Only liquid products, hand wash only, dry easy room temperature.

Special case

If an important event is planned on some day and you really need a pair of tights to survive until the evening, treat the tights you are wearing with hairspray in those places where they are most likely to tear. The effect does not last very long, and the procedure itself is not very pleasant, but it is better to use hairspray before a hole appears than nail polish when the spread of the arrow needs to be urgently stopped.

A method for all times

I tested this method specifically on the cheapest “disposable” tights, which last no more than one day.

Before use, the tights should be completely soaked in clean water and then placed in the freezer overnight. Frost should make the fibers stronger and more resistant to damage.

In the morning, take out the tights, defrost them at room temperature, and let them dry.

Profit

In my case, the “frostbitten” pair lasted 6 (!) days, which was a record for more durable specimens. After that, of course, there is always some room in the freezer for a new pair of tights.

Share your secrets of fighting shooters.

"Oh! What legs! Wash, shave and fuck off!” - in the last century, this is how my peers teased girls from a rival group. Nylon tights were the limit of desire for young coquettes, because the period of total shortage “dictated the fashion” for thread stockings... Thank God, the shortage came to an end, just like last century. How are tights made from nylon thread in the 21st century?

What are nylon tights made from?

Thin, almost web-like object women's wardrobe today they are made from super-strong nylon thread with the addition of super-stretchable lycra thread in a certain percentage. By the way, the name of the polyamide thread comes from the first letters of the names of two cities “NewYork London - NYLon” - nylon, and quickly took root in the everyday life of fashionistas, regardless of their native language.

Lycra has the ability to stretch up to 6 times its original length and return to its original position unchanged for its aesthetic qualities. Both threads are achievements of the chemical industry.

How to make nylon tights

Having dealt with the threads for the production of women's clothing, let's see how nylon tights are made. Nylon thread wraps the Lycra thread several hundred times to create strong and soft products for graceful female legs. The thread prepared in this way is installed on a knitting machine, which will knit the stocking tube from the waistband to the toe of the product.

With modern equipment, one half of the tights - the stocking tube - is knitted within 2-3 minutes. Then on special sewing machines or overlockers, two pieces are sewn together with a flat seam. After this, the tights are painted in the color chosen by the production designer and, of course, undergo production drying. Then the tights are ironed, folded several times and packed using packaging machines. Naturally, all operations are performed automatically, on the conveyor belt of hosiery factories.

Modern manufacturers spare no expense in developing new color ranges pantyhose various types knitting pattern, patterns along the entire length of the stocking tube. Manufacturers began to pay special attention to the additional functions of women's tights. For example, tights with a “Brazilian butt” effect. Such a product from the hosiery industry will help make a woman’s dream of a high and elastic heel come true without tedious workouts in the gym. True, if in fact the butt is dragging along the asphalt, then, after taking off such tights, it will end up there again. But as long as a woman is wearing tights with a “Brazilian butt” effect, she will feel like the queen of a South American carnival.

It would seem that tights are a very simple piece of clothing, and it is difficult to find a woman who has not held them in her hands at least once, however, the production process is quite complex, consists of many operations and is also expensive. Apparently this is why, despite the large number of women and the very large consumption of tights (more than 400 million pairs per year), Russia has almost no own production. More precisely, it was absent. However, in 2013, a modern factory for the production of tights was built in the Noginsky district of the Moscow region.

1. The factory building was built from scratch, virtually in an open field.

2. The production area occupies 5000 square meters. m., which houses more than 250 different machines.

Everyday women's tights are traditionally made from two types of raw materials - polyamide and elastane. It was a revelation to me that the raw material for tights is oil. More precisely, polyamide is made from petroleum products. It's just a shame - not in Russia. All high-quality raw materials for tights are imported from Europe.

Raw materials are stored in the workshop, since any climate disturbance can lead to their deterioration. In general, it is installed in the workshop modern system ventilation and climate control, since during the production of tights certain humidity and pressure must be strictly observed.

3. Initially, both polyamide and elastane are white. Please note that the hubs on which the yarn is wound are different colors. Because different models are made from different yarns. Not only polyamide (shiny, matte), but also elastane can be different.

For example, smooth polyamide is pleasant to the touch, but gives a slight shine (physics has not yet been canceled, light is reflected from smooth surfaces), and textured polyamide (with an uneven surface) does not reflect light, but at the same time it is not so silky to the touch, but no shine. Each person chooses for herself what is more important to her.

4. In tights, polyamide is responsible for lightness and strength, and elastane is responsible for elasticity and good fit. However, it has one significant drawback - it is not very durable. In order to increase its strength in high-quality tights, elastane is not used in its pure form, but wrapped with polyamide threads. To determine whether the tights in front of you are quality or not, you do not need to have special knowledge. It is enough to look at the tights against the light. The brighter the tree-like pattern is visible, the better the quality of the elastane. If the pattern is not visible at all, then most likely there will be no elastane in the tights at all and they will slide off the leg and gather in folds at the ankles.

5. Up close, spools of yarn look like plastic bottles, which is not surprising, polyamide is made from the same granules as, for example, plastic tires.

6. The invention of such machines in the mid-twentieth century revolutionized the production of tights, and the back seam, which was previously used to sew the legs of tights, turned into a decorative element that adds zest to the image and does not carry any functional load. Cars work in automatic mode. Human intervention is only required when changing a program or replacing a reel.

7. Tights are not knitted entirely, but in two halves-tubes on special circular knitting machines. More than 400 needles take part in the creation of one such half. Due to the speed and small size of the needles, it is almost impossible to follow their movement, so it seems that the tights are knitted practically out of thin air.

8. Here you can see the elastic band from the “pipe”. Knitting one pipe takes about 2 minutes. On average, one pair of tights takes from 7 to 9 kilometers of yarn.

9. In 2 minutes, such a “gut” almost 1.5 meters long will come out of the car. Very little like regular tights. And anyone who has ever put on tights knows that legs are never that long.

10. But they don’t come in that long, because immediately after mating, semi-finished products are packaged in special bags and sent to a stabilizer, in which, under the influence of pressure and steam, high temperature semi-finished products shrink and decrease in size.

11. Stabilization takes about 40 minutes.

12. Semi-finished products leave the stabilizer wet and dry for several hours before the next stage.

13. After the stabilizer, the two “pipes” are sewn together and finally you get the usual tights.
These are carousel stitching machines. A person participates here only at the very first stage - he places the two halves on special holders. Then the machine does everything itself.

14. The machine stretches and cuts each half in half from the top, sews in a gusset, sews up the top seams (by the way, this machine makes folded seams - this is a more advanced type of flat seam, before putting it on it looks like a regular round overlock, and after putting it on it stretches into a flat line, which makes the seam invisible even under very tight clothing).

15. The entire cycle from putting the semi-finished products on the holders to the release of the finished tights also takes about two minutes.

16. The last stage is sewing up the toes. A person is not required here either.

17. The tights are almost ready. In any case, they look more familiar, only white. The finished tights are transported through a pneumatic pipe into a special bag, in which they are then sent for dyeing.

18. Very thin tights or shapers that a carousel machine cannot handle are sewn by hand.

19. The dyeing shop is a separate room. Mixing of dyes also occurs automatically according to a given program, because an error in the composition of even one hundredth of a percent will lead to damage to the entire batch.


20.

21. After dyeing, the tights are returned to the workshop. They are given an anatomical shape using special molding machines. The tights are put on a special uniform and then treated with high-temperature steam.

22. All molders work with gloves, since contact with bare skin easily leaves visible traces of sweat and grease on freshly dyed tights. For other employees, the requirements for hands are also strict - no rings or bracelets, good manicure, short nails and a special hydrophilic cream.

23. The finished, ironed and shaped tights are delivered via conveyor to a special hanger and now all that remains is to pack them.

24. Packaging machines are also automatic. The person just tucks the tights into the machine and puts them into boxes on the way out. The machine does everything else itself - packs it in plastic bag, envelope and even puts stickers with color and size markings.

25.

26. Now all that remains is to put the finished tights into boxes and you can send them to stores.

The factory produces more than 50 various models- from simple tights with shorts to complex corrective models. The quality of the tights (I personally tested them) is not inferior to the usual Italian ones, and some models are completely unique, for example, completely matte tights that do not shine even under camera flashes - one of the most popular models, thanks to stylists who declared a battle against shiny tights several years ago.