Apricot mansion on Ostozhenka. Apricot Family Affair Golden Wedding Invitation

We know little about the streets of Moscow, despite the fact that we were born and live here all our lives. Not long ago, a Crimean woman asked me why I don’t write about the streets of Moscow anymore? This means that people from other cities are also curious. Then I will continue the section “walks around Moscow” that I once started. And today we will walk along Sverchkov Lane.

Sverchkov Lane is located in the Central District of Moscow, Basmanny district. It starts from Armenian Lane and ends at Potapovsky. It is adjacent to two other lanes - Arkhangelsky and Devyatkin.

The length is a little more than 300 meters.

Sverchkov Lane - origin of the name

The first known name - Maly Uspensky Lane - this Moscow street bore until 1922. The toponym was associated with the church of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary, which stood here until 1935, on Pokrovka.

After the arrival of Soviet power, the street changed its name to Sverchkov Lane, as a reminder of one of the local homeowners, who, by the way, was the main donor of the above-mentioned temple.

A few words about the man in whose honor the lane was named.

Ivan Matveevich Sverchkov belonged to the merchant class and lived here in the current estate No. 8. He had privileges for trading with foreign merchants, for which he was counted among the so-called trade “guests”. The church he built is believed to have so impressed Napoleon in 1812 that he ordered guards to be posted around it.

Although there was indeed a French guard in this area, it is not associated with this event, but with the bribery of the French by the Armenian community living nearby, in Armenian Lane, to protect their property.

Since 1778, in the alley, in the former mansions of Sverchkov, the Stone Order was located, which was in charge of the development of the city, supplying objects with building materials, cleaning rivers and, even, training construction personnel. The order was also involved in the inventory of houses and buildings in Moscow. It was founded by Catherine II herself.

The Stone Order was disbanded by 1782, but in its place, after the devastation of the city in 1812, a Commission for Buildings was established, which supervised restoration work in Moscow. She stayed in this place until 1836.

The Abrikosov family, the founders of the confectionery production, then lived in the former property, on the site of which the famous Babaevsky factory is now located.

The history of Cricket Lane is associated with the names of the architect Matvey Kazakov, the Tatishchev family, and the common-law wife of the merchant and philanthropist Kuzma Soldatenkov - Clemenceau Debouy.

The architectural appearance was created by such famous architects as August Weber, Vasily Zalessky and Flegon Voskresensky.
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Sverchkov Lane - odd side:

House No. 1 - Apartment building Konstantinov

House No. 1 on Sverchkov Lane has three addresses, because located on Armenian lane. 9/, and on Arkhangelsky lane. d.1. The house was built between 1874 and 1875. The project was carried out by architect August Weber. The building was harmoniously integrated into the surrounding area by the architect.

In the eighteenth century, the estate of Artamon Matveev was located here. In 1873, the owner of the plot, Elizaveta Lazareva-Abamalek, ceded it to the merchant Abram Morozov, who, in turn, resold it to the merchant K.E. Toropov.

It was Ksenophon Egorovich who commissioned the construction of this building, which at that time was three floors high, the facades of which faced three alleys at once. In addition to furnished apartments, the house also had large basements, which, like in the neighboring 7th building, were rented out as wine warehouses to the Beckman and Co. company.

In 1914, the Konstantinov brothers were already listed as owners: Vasily, Ivan and Pavel. It was after their last name that the property was called “House of Konstantinov”.

In the October days of 1917, the headquarters of revolutionary printers was located in the building on Armenian Lane, 9/Arkhangelsky, 1. It was the representatives of the Moscow printing houses that, after the successful coup, became the main residents of the communal apartments set up here. In 1924, they founded the “Club named after Ivan Fedorov the Printer” here, and the building itself began to be called nothing more than “The Printer’s House”.

After the revolution, the previous residents remained here, although they had to make room “a little.” Also settled here was the Vysotsky family, former owners of the largest tea trading company in the Russian Empire and owners of the “Castle House” in Ogorodnaya Sloboda Lane.

In the 30s of the last century, the first reconstruction of the building took place, after which the house grew by 2 residential floors with the addition of an attic volume. The next reconstruction took place in the 1970s, when the building was transferred to government agencies.

During these two reconstructions, the former “House of Konstantinov” lost not only its strictly calculated proportions, but also the caryatids that framed the window openings of the third, then last, floor. The facade has lost all the charm of its decor due to smooth plaster, although some bas-reliefs remain in the same place.

The history of the house is connected with the names of those who lived here: actor and director Evgeny Lepkovsky and writer Yuri Nagibin, whose apartment at number 44 overlooked Arkhangelsky Lane.

House No. 3 - Debui-Deminoi

Before Kozma Terentyevich Soldatenkov acquired the plot on the corner of Sverchkov lane, 3 and Arkhangelsky lane 2, for his common-law wife, French citizen Clemenceau Debouy, the Zolotarev merchant family lived here. The latter owned the city estate for 40 years, until 1862.

After the appearance of the new owner K.T. Soldatenkov ordered the construction of a one-story mansion for his beloved. In addition to this gift, Clemenceau Debouie received a huge capital for those times, which allowed her to enroll in the merchant class, and immediately into the second guild.

Here it would be appropriate to provide data that in the mid-nineteenth century only 5% of the merchants belonged to the second guild, a little more than 90% belonged to the third, the rest to the first guild.

A few words about Kuzma Terentyevich Soldatenkov himself.

Born into an Old Believer family. Without a formal education, he achieved significant success in business. After the death of his older brother, he began to manage the family business.

A collector and philanthropist, Kuzma Terentievich helped Russian artists, buying their paintings and sending them to Italy for an internship, and was engaged in non-profit publishing activities. Soldatenkov’s collection, after his death, was bequeathed to the city and the library of the Rumyantsev Museum, on the basis of which the Russian State Library appeared. He lived in his estate on Myasnitskaya, 37.

In 1910, after the death of Clemenceau Debouy, Maria Terentyevna Demina became the owner of the city estate in Arkhangelsky Lane, 2/Sverchkov Lane, 3. sister K.T. Soldatenkova. Here she lived with her husband, Sergei Ivanovich, who was the director of the Sadkovskaya Manufactory Partnership.

Under new owners main house was rebuilt. The project was developed by architect Nikolai Dmitrievich Strukov.

In 1967, the mansion was added to the second floor when it was being prepared to house the Afghan diplomatic mission. The embassy of this state was located in the house until 2003.

The building is currently used for "representational purposes".

A fence with gate pylons was erected at 3 Sverchkov Lane/2 Arkhangelsky Lane in 1863.

House No. 5 - there are two buildings that belong to different eras.

Building 1 is the left wing of the estate of Rodion Mikhailovich Koshelev, which was erected in the 30s of the eighteenth century. The main house was located on the site of the current property at 6 Potapovsky Lane.

In the 1880s, the outbuilding with the garden became the property of Agrafena Abrikosova, after which her husband’s relatives settled here - sister Tamara, who worked as a librarian at Moscow State University, and brother Georgy, a zoologist, with his wife, an artist of the Moscow puppet theater.

The outbuilding of the former Koshelev-Abrikosova estate from Sverchkov Lane.

For a long time, from the 70s to the 90s of the 19th century, professor-astronomer Fyodor Aleksandrovich Bredikhin lived in the outbuilding, who after moving to St. Petersburg became the director of the Nikolaev Astronomical Observatory, located in Pulkovo.

In 1936, on the site of the former possessions of Guryev-Koshelev-Abrikosova, in the garden area, a building was erected for secondary school No. 313, which was located within these walls until the end of the 60s of the last century.

By the way, here, from 1943 to 1951, the well-known writer and historian of the city of Moscow, Sergei Konstantinovich Romanyuk, studied here.

In the 70s, the building was rebuilt as the cardiology department of City Hospital No. 6.

Since 1994, Sverchkov Lane, 5 has housed the Scientific and Practical Center for Interventional Cardioangiology, created by Professor David Georgievich Ioseliani.

Sverchkov Lane - even side:

House No. 2 - Gagarin's estate.

From the side of Sverchkov Lane this is the back part of the estate.

The front part of the estate with the main entrance is located in Armenian Lane, 11

The history of this property can be traced back to the 17th century, when the estate of the Miloslavsky boyars, relatives of Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna, wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, was located here.

Subsequently, the estate belonged to the Volkonsky princes, and in the second half of the 18th century - to Senator M.V. Dmitriev-Mamonov. Later it came into the possession of the famous noble family of the Glebovs.

In all likelihood, wooden chambers on a stone basement existed here since the turn of the 16th – 17th centuries. At the beginning of the 18th century, a stone building was erected, which was built on the foundations of ancient chambers.

In 1790, the estate was acquired by Prince I.S. Gagarin. Under him, the main house was rebuilt in the classicist style according to the design of the famous architect M.F. Kazakova. Outbuildings were also built, one of which included a 17th-century building.

After the death of Prince Gagarin, in 1810, his sons sold the house to the family of the collegiate assessor I.N. Tyutchev - father of the poet F.I. Tyutcheva.

The house was not damaged in the fire of 1812, and in 1814 the Tyutchevs returned here again. F.I. himself Tyutchev lived in his parents' house until 1822.

In 1831, the parents of F.I. Tyutchev sold the house to the Moscow Trusteeship for the Poor Clergy. Funded by the famous benefactor D.P. Gorikhvostov, a “widow’s house” was organized here, where widows and daughters of clergy lived. The building was rebuilt by architect M.D. Bykovsky.

In the 1920s, the building housed the Nekrasov Welfare House. It was he who became the prototype of the 2nd Social Security House in the novel by I. Ilf and E. Petrov “The Golden Calf”.

Subsequently, various organizations were located in the house, then communal apartments, and for some time there was a store on the ground floor.

In 1971 - 1981, restoration was carried out in the estate. The residents were relocated, and the building was transferred to Soyuzvtortsvetmet. In 1988, the Soviet Children's Fund named after V.I. was located here. Lenin (now – Russian Children's Fund).

No. 4 - Lavrentiev House

In the second half of the 17th century, the property was owned by Vasily Petrovich of Verdersky, who served as steward at the court of Tsarina Praskovya Fedorovna, wife of Fyodor Alekseevich, brother of Peter I.

At the beginning of the 18th century, Verdersky’s daughter Tatyana, having married the steward Vasily Vasilyevich Zhirov-Zasekin, received the house as a dowry.

In 1702, the property had a new owner - the Dutch merchant Andrei Andreevich Svelengrebel. After his death, the inheritance with a house in addition was received by his son Andrei, who served as an overseer at the Romanov yard in the workshops assigned to the Armory Chamber.

In 1721, Princess Shcherbatova Maria Vasilievna, nee Sokovnina, bought the plot.

After 1773, the property was owned by the translator and state councilor Martyn Nikiforovich Sokolovsky, who served in the Foreign Collegium.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the estate was bought by State Councilor Ivan Ivanovich Tatishchev.

In 1818, Tatishchev’s son divided the property. In the south-eastern part of it (from the side of Devyatkina Lane) he remains, the other part (from the side of Sverchkov Lane, 4) is sold to Varvara Alekseevna Kazakova - the wife of Matvey Matveevich Kazakov, who was the middle son of a famous Moscow architect.

In 1822, the areas were united again. They were bought by Ivan Vasilyevich Lavrentyev, who served as a court adviser. He settles here with his large family: his wife, five sons and three daughters.

It is from Lavrentiev that the building begins to transform. First, he built on the two-story, small house of Varvara Kazakova, and already under the next owner - Alexei Matveevich Povalishin - the estate building took on its current form.

So, in 1870, there was an educational institution of Ivan Ivanovich Fidler, which was then located on the current Makarenko Street, 5/16 and was in the thick of the events of the December uprising of 1905.

Then the estate was bought by Maria Dmitrievna Hoffman. Then it passed to Pyotr Fedorovich Smolyaninov, and from 1889 to 1896 it was owned by the merchant Pavel Ivanovich Guchkov, the owner of a factory for the production of woolen products.

In 1896, N.N. acquired the property at a public auction. Zubov, and already in 1898 the owner was listed as Privy Councilor Sergei Pavlovich Yakovlev, whose family was here until 1917.

In 1941, an air bomb hit the house. It was possible to partially restore the building only in the 1960s.

Currently, the building houses the Mosinzhproekt organization.

The building is one of the typical buildings of post-fire (1812) Moscow. Built in the Empire style. The facade is decorated with ornamental inserts, as well as masks, friezes and other decorations. In the courtyard of the building, the box vaults of the basements are still preserved.

House No. 6 - Institute of Children's Reading

The plot on which the house is located was previously part of the possession of a neighboring estate at No. 4 of the same lane.

This small house on the basement, which was decorated with carved garlands (now lost), has been known since 1744, when the owner was listed as the wife of Osip Ivanovich Shcherbatov, Maria Vasilievna, who bought the property from Andrei Svelengrebel.

Presumably, after 1867, the plot was bought by Agrafena Abrikosova, who by that time had become the owner of the neighboring estate at 8 Sverchkov Lane.

Under Soviet rule, in the 20s of the last century, the building housed the Institute of Children's Reading with a library, which was administered by the People's Commissariat for Education. The organizers of this institution were enthusiastic teachers Nikolai Vladimirovich Chekhov and Anna Konstantinovna Pokrovskaya.

The history of the house is connected with the name of the writer and storyteller Boris Shergin, who gained the greatest fame as a storyteller of northern epics.

Boris Viktorovich is from a family of hereditary sailors. Born into the family of a Pomeranian shipwright. Graduated from the famous Stroganov School. He wrote such books as “Pomeranian shipbuilding” and “Pomeranian legends and stories.”

Currently there are office premises here.

House No. 8 - possessions of the Sverchkovs-Kolli-Abrikosova

The Old Russian chambers at 8 Sverchkov Lane have stood on this site since the seventeenth century. At the beginning of the 18th century, the merchant Semyon Sverchkov, who had permission to trade with foreigners, lived here with his three sons - Peter, Ivan and Mikhail. It was with the money of the family that by 1699 the architect Potapov raised the nearby Assumption Church (destroyed in 1935).

At that time, there was an impressive pond in the courtyard of the property.

In 1775, the Sverchkovs ceded the estate to the steward and treasurer of the palace, Ivan Dmitrievich Almazov, who served at the court of Tsarina Praskovya Fedorovna.

In 1765 the property changed hands. He becomes Alexander Grigorievich Zherebtsov, who served in the rank of actual Privy Councilor.

In 1779, the site went to the treasury and the Stone Prikaz was located in the former chambers of Sverchkov, which was in charge of the functions of monitoring the execution of “ State plan developments in Moscow." In addition, the department’s tasks included providing facilities with construction materials, for which a number of stone and brick factories were assigned to it.

The Stone Order was also involved in the training of draftsmen, whose classes were located on the second floor. Among the teachers were such famous architects of that time as Nikola Legrand and Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov. The department was headed by Pyotr Nikitich Kozhin.

After the abolition of the Order in 1782 and the transfer of its powers to the Deanery, in Sverchkov Lane, 8, the offices of the Manufactory Board and committees were located, which were responsible for monitoring the execution of Moscow city duties.

The fire of 1812, which caused significant damage to the capital, determined the creation of the “Commission for the Construction of Moscow,” which was located in the estate from 1813 to 1836.

The walls of the estate remember such great architects as Osip Bove, Domenico Gilardi, Vasily Stasov and others.

Kupets A.Ya. Colley bought the property in 1845, and his heirs would own the estate until 1867. It was under Andrei Yakovlevich that the left wing was built, which housed living quarters. The right wing, then a production wing, would be built under the Abrikosovs.

It is worth noting that Kolli’s sons made a significant contribution to the development of science. Thus, Alexander Andreevich, a chemist, discovered for the first time the structure of glucose and carried out the first synthesis of the organic compound of disaccharides from monosaccharides. Robert Andreevich, a physicist and student of Alexander Grigorievich Stoletov, worked in the field of electrically charged particles and was the first to experimentally prove their inertness.

The next owner in 1867 was the daughter of the merchant of the 2nd guild, owner of tobacco and perfume factories Alexander Borisovich Musatov - Agrafena Alexandrovna (married Abrikosova). Here she settled with her husband, entrepreneur Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov. I told you that she gave birth to 22 children, and at the same time was tirelessly involved in charity work.

The Abrikosovs were known as generous philanthropists - patrons of all sciences and arts. With their funds, the Moscow Conservatory was built, a maternity hospital with a women's hospital was opened (now again Abrikosovsky, the former named after N.K. Krupskaya). Their children made a significant contribution to the development of Russian science and art.

Currently, the Sverchkov chambers house the “State Russian House folk art", and in the former outbuildings of the estate of Kolli and Abrikosova there is a restaurant and office space.

On the site of the former estate pond, an educational institution was built in 1937 - the current school No. 612.

House No. 10 - Apartment building of the Eliseev brothers

On the site of the current building, back in the eighteenth century, there were the estates of Vasily Dmitrievich Smirny, who had the rank of auditor general. A garden was laid out on the eastern side of the site, and the owner himself lived in two-story chambers built of stone.

In 1763, Second Major Maria Ivanovna Meshcherskaya and her children moved into the house.

In 1789 the site was divided. The house was acquired by the merchant Grigory Fedorovich Serikov, and part of the garden became the property of the Golovins, whose estate was located next door - in what is now Potapovsky Lane, 6.

After Serikov, the property for some time belonged to the merchant Fyodor Vasilyevich Mushnikov, who was once a serf of Count N.P. Sheremetev.

In the period from 1815 to 1836, the “Commission for Construction” was located in the chambers, as well as in the neighboring property, which was engaged in the restoration of post-fire Moscow.

Then, alternately, the estate was owned: first by the tradesman Mikhail Kulikov, and then by the Kudryavtsev brothers, under whom a small apartment building was built in the 1870s (the Kudryavtsevs also owned a house at 3 Arkhangelsky Lane).

In the 90s of the nineteenth century, the plot with the house was transferred to the Eliseev brothers - Alexander Grigorievich and Grigory Grigorievich, who founded the famous Eliseev shops in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Having become the owners, in 1896 the brothers ordered a project to rebuild the building from the architect Ivan Dmitrievich Bogolepov, but already in 1903 it was reconstructed again with the construction of additional floors according to the design of another architect - Mikhail Matveevich Cherkasov.

The house of the Eliseev brothers in Sverchkov Lane from the courtyard

The current building was built on the site of the demolished one three years later - in 1906. The work was supervised by architect Vladimir Konstantinovich Filippov.

The last owner of this house before the 1917 revolution was the merchant Yakov Nikolaevich Rubanovich.

The history of the house is connected with the name of the famous Soviet biologist, one of the organizers of the creation of the Institute of Infectious Diseases named after I.I. Mechnikov German Veniaminovich Epstein, who lived in this house in the 20-30s of the last century.

House No. 12 - Golovin Estate

The facade of the building is located on Potapovsky Lane, 11

In the 18th and until the mid-19th centuries, the estate was located on the territory of the vast estate of the Golovins, which included areas under the current houses No. 10 and No. 12.

Golovin Estate from Sverchkov Lane, 12

Construction of the main house began in 1811, but due to the Patriotic War of 1812, work had to be stopped. The building was completely finished only by 1830.

On the front facade of the Golovins' main estate house there is a ceremonial Corinthian portico on a white stone plinth with three-quarter columns. The house is crowned by a pediment decorated in Greek style.

In 1877, the building was reconstructed, the design of which was developed by the architect Vasily Gerasimovich Zalessky.

At the same time, he built a three-story apartment building along the red line of Potapovsky Lane. The façade was not decorated, but consisted of clean brickwork.

In 1881, the property became the property of the Moscow merchant Viktor Mikhailovich Frolov, who, together with his brother, was engaged in the gold jewelry trade and had a place in Gostiny Dvor. After his death in 1894, the city estate, according to his will, became the property of State Councilor Nikolai Vasilyevich Belyaev.

Under him, a three-story house in the Empire style was built in the depths of the courtyard. The project was completed in 1904 by the architect Flegont Flegontovich Voskresensky.

According to data from 1914, the wife of Prince Belyaev continued to live in the estate.

The main entrance to the estate, which was reached by a high ramp

Outbuildings

Former stables and barns for carriages and carriages

Manor outbuilding with a collapsed facade

Today, a youth club and offices of various companies are located here.

Our walk is over, I hope you enjoyed it

A short section of the road connecting Borovskoe highway with Minsk since the middle of the last century is called Vnukovskoe highway. Everything around here is Vnukovo: Vnukovo airport, Vnukovo railway station. There is, of course, a village with the same name.

But you still have to get to the village itself. In the meantime, turning right from Borovskoye Highway, you can see the temple standing on the hill opposite. Red brick, nice, well-kept Elias Church or, if in the old way, the Church of Elijah the Prophet in Izvarino.

There are cars crowding around - it is clear that this is a local dominant. Even further to the right - on the other side of the ravine there are several old buildings and a bright modern building - the place where Abrikosov’s estate was located. The road turns right and, having passed the ravine, begins to wind along a long, blind fence. Famous Soviet writers and artists, actors and politicians rested somewhere here for many years. The writer's village of Peredelkino is well known, but Vnukovo is much less known, although it was here that the dachas of Lyubov Orlova and Grigory Alexandrov, Igor Ilyinsky and Andrei Gromyko, Sergei Obraztsov and Alexander Tvardovsky were located. Many celebrities live here to this day.

On the left is a modest sign “Village of the Ministry of Foreign Trade”, the entrance to which is decorated with unexpectedly pompous, well-worn clay flowerpots.

“As a child, I spent every summer in these places,” says a local resident in his forties, who introduced himself as Andrey. — The vases at the entrance to the village were traditionally called “glasses.” Just 15 years ago they were three times larger and more solid, and then one began to gradually fall apart. When it came to repairs, they couldn’t think of anything better than finishing the second one to the same condition as the first one. As a result, the vases noticeably decreased in size. For some reason, since childhood, I believed that glasses appeared in this place in the 50s of the last century, simultaneously with the village of the Ministry of Foreign Trade. Perhaps such a story has developed in my mind because in Soviet era the glasses were the main entrance to the village.”

Entrance to the village of the Ministry of Foreign Trade. Photo: Natalia Sudets/website

Directly from the glasses, now slightly rising, now descending towards the Likova River, a huge pine alley runs away - from the 50s of the last century - Lenin Street. Despite the troubles of recent decades, she continues to bear the name of the leader of the world proletariat even now. They say that the centuries-old pines were part of the landscape park and, at the request of the master, the owner of these places, were once brought from the island of Crete and planted here. However, what’s interesting is that the alley does not reach the site of the former landowner’s house. Turning left at a right angle, it becomes a birch alley, and only at the end the territory of the former estate itself is visible. The remains of the estate's buildings, located on a hill, to this day seem to dominate the village of Izvarino and, together with the church, form the ridge of the Bactrian camel.

“Walking from the glasses to the estate was considered a feat in my childhood,” recalls our guide. - In fact, it was a journey to the ends of the earth. The asphalt became more and more rough, covered with a layer of brownish pine needles. Here, far from drinking glasses, even the climate changed - the alley led towards the river, where the eternal buzzing of bees and wasps was lost in the high, higher human size grass. A turn under the soft rustling of birches - and now ahead is the gate of the Young Guard Children's Home. Of course, it never occurred to me then that it was along this road that the famous Abrikosovs drove to their estate.”

The first documented owner of these places, Vasily Birkin, received these lands by order of Ivan the Terrible, thanks to a successfully completed assignment to meet Russian ambassadors returning from Constantinople to the Don. His son, Ivan Vasilyevich, was also indirectly connected with diplomatic issues. In 1619 he was sent to negotiate with the Poles on the exchange of prisoners. Among those caught in Polish captivity was Patriarch Filaret, the father of Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Filaret liked Birkin - the patriarch traveled with him to Moscow, and a few years later Ivan Vasilyevich becomes the patriarch's butler and manages the patriarch's considerable household.

Patriarch Filaret. Painting by Nikanor Tyutryumov

After the death of Filaret, he is appointed governor, and at the end of his life he reaches the rank of Duma nobleman. And so, since 1627, Izvarino has been listed as the estate of Ivan Vasilyevich Birkin. Then the lands pass to the son of Ivan Vasilyevich. After his death in 1646, they came into the possession of the royal treasury, and in 1647 they were transferred to Mikhail Alekseevich Rtishchev.

The fate of Rtishchev is also curious and ambiguous. He managed to take part in the events of the Time of Troubles at the beginning of the 17th century, fought under the leadership of the famous Prince D.M. Pozharsky, and in August 1645, thanks to a series of accidents, he became the king’s bed servant. Preserved a kind job description bed-man, from which it follows that being constantly with the king, he should not have initiated strangers into the royal “thoughts”, i.e. upcoming draft decrees, orders, and other documents that might become known to him.

For a century and a half, the Izvarin lands repeatedly passed from hand to hand, from owner to owner, steadily increasing in number. In 1678, the estate itself, cattle and stable yards, as well as seven peasant households were listed in Izvarino. The village was located only 27 versts from the capital and was famous for its famous Ilyinsky fairs at the temple of the same name. It is also known that during the Patriotic War of 1812 the Izvarinsky and surrounding men actively participated in the partisan struggle against Napoleon’s troops, especially when the French were already retreating from Moscow. By the end of the 19th century, there were 93 male peasants and 100 female peasants in the village. It can be assumed that the number of villagers was influenced, among other things, by the Napoleonic invasion.

Since 1911, the owner of these places was Vladimir Alekseevich Abrikosov (1858–1922), one of the sons of the famous confectionery manufacturer Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov (1824–1904) and Agrippina Alexandrovna Abrikosova (1832–1911). Back in 1873, the two eldest sons of the Abrikosovs bought a confectionery factory from their father and established a trading house to own it (1874). Then, in 1880, they were joined by three more brothers, among whom was Vladimir, and at the same time the factory and trading “Partnership on shares of A.I. Abrikosov's Sons."

The partnership worked very successfully: its annual turnover was almost 2 million rubles. In the 1880–1890s, the Abrikosovs controlled half of the sales of confectionery products in Russia. In 1899, the Abrikosov company was awarded the title “Supplier to the Court of His Imperial Majesty.”

The sons of Alexei Ivanovich turned out to be no less talented entrepreneurs than their father. So our hero, Vladimir Abrikosov, successfully implemented the “Crimean project”. He opened a branch of a confectionery factory in Crimea in order to have cheap and high-quality raw materials and to be independent from random suppliers. This step was taken by the Partnership A.I. Abrikosov Sons" was one of the first "vertically integrated companies" in Russia. As if to justify the family name, the Abrikosovs traditionally used a lot of fruit in production. By the way, it is the “Partnership A.I. Abrikosov's Sons" since 1918 received the name of State Confectionery Factory No. 2, which in 1922 was named after the Moscow Bolshevik P.A. Babaeva.

In parallel with entrepreneurship, the future owner of the Izvarinsky lands, Vladimir Alekseevich Abrikosov, from 1893 to 1907 was a member of the Moscow City Duma, from 1894 to 1899 he was also the director of the Moscow branch of the Russian Musical Society, a member of the commission for the construction of a new conservatory building in Moscow, and being himself a collector of Russian painting of the early 20th century from 1905 to 1911 was on the board of trustees of the Tretyakov Gallery.

Other members of the family of Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov also glorified their family. Thus, his wife, Agrippina Aleksandrovna, herself being the mother of 22 children, of whom seventeen survived and received higher education, in 1889 established and maintained a maternity hospital for 200 beds, which in 1906 was transformed into a city maternity hospital named after A.A. Abrikosova (after 1917 - maternity hospital No. 6 named after N.K. Krupskaya, since 1994 again named after Abrikosova), and was headed by the husband of one of Abrikosova’s daughters, the legendary obstetrician A.N. Rakhmanov. Yes, that same Rakhmanov, the inventor of a special birthing bed on which thousands of children were born.

One of Abrikosov’s grandchildren, Dmitry Ivanovich, worked for many years, first as the first secretary of the Embassy of Tsarist Russia in Japan, and then in 1921 after Ambassador D.I. left Japan. Abrikosov remained at the head of the embassy as charge d'affaires and remained in this position until Japan recognized the USSR in early 1925. Another grandson, Khrisanf Nikolaevich Abrikosov, was the personal secretary of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy. The third, Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov, was a famous pathologist and supervised the autopsy of the body of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin on January 22, 1924, and his son, Alexey Alekseevich Abrikosov, a physicist, became a Nobel Prize laureate in 2003. In addition, the artists of the Moscow Vakhtangov Theater A.L. belong to this family. Abrikosov and his son G.A. Abrikosov.

In 1896, at the expense of Alexei Abrikosov, the founder of the dynasty, and philanthropist S.A. Korzinkin, the construction of a brick building of a parochial school at the Elias Church in the village of Izvarino was completed. The temple itself was rebuilt with money from the same Abrikosovs and Korzinkins in 1904 to replace the dilapidated Ilyinsky Church.

Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov

As for the manor house, no later than 1860, on the site of the old one, a new, one-story, brick and plastered house with a mezzanine in the Empire style with early classical elements in the stucco facades was built. Until recently, the layout of the house was symmetrical, with a three-room enfilade facing the orchard.

The western entrance to the house was decorated with carved ebony doors with multi-colored inserts. The floor in the hallway was decorated with tiled slabs. The central hall with a coffered ceiling opened onto a veranda in the form of a columned portico. The second hall was decorated with dark wood, the third with white stucco and gold. There were dark red tiled stoves in the corners.

By the end of the 19th century, the layout of the entire estate complex with a central axis and the design of a park with a system of cascading ponds in the ravines were finally formed. Agricultural land and small buildings related to the estate were stretched far to the southeast, along the slope towards the church, and to the northwest towards the “glasses”.

According to the recollections of Izvara old-timers A.G. Skvortsova and V.I. Gruntsov, the estate looked like a piece of paradise. An ancient house with columns, a front entrance, a platform for carriages, flower beds, outbuildings, a wooden bathhouse and a magnificent stone gazebo on the shore of a pond.

For every visit of the master, and he came here, as a rule, for the whole summer, because a journey even 27 miles in those days was, albeit a small one, but an adventure, it was preceded by preparation: everything was cleaned, scrubbed, flowerbeds were weeded. The lawns were carefully mowed, and the elegant bathhouse, wooden diving board and boat dock on the shore of one of the flowing ponds were refurbished. They say that in some places the depth there reached five meters. Moreover, on every visit of Vladimir Alekseevich Abrikosov, children were always given bags of sweets, women were given patterned scarves, and men were given shirts. The holidays invariably ended with fireworks, dancing and singing.

In 1922, Vladimir Abrikosov was exiled abroad. And although the last owners of the estate were the Bibikovs, among local residents the estate is still known as the “Abrikosov estate”.

After the revolution, a children's labor colony was established here. The children lived in former employee quarters. There was a dining room in the outbuilding. Now on the territory of the estate there is orphanage"Young Guard". In the early 80s, its main building was built on the territory of the orphanage.

“What I remember most was the sports ground,” Andrey recalled. “It was a real obstacle course, all kinds of ladders and crossbars. This is where the freedom was! We went here with our dog once, but that was the first and last time. The territory was guarded by some dogs of the “noble” breed, which surrounded us, and we had to hastily retreat to avoid a fight.”

Today, very little remains of the main buildings in the Izvarino estate: the best preserved outbuilding is the outbuilding with a powerful pediment. Thanks to its neoclassical forms, despite its dilapidation, multiple alterations and the stucco molding that has long fallen off the facade, the building is still perceived as monumental.

The former estate of the Abrikosovs. Servants' outbuilding. Photo: Natalia Sudets/website

The yellow bridge across the ravine towards the village of Vnukovo, which local artists loved to paint, collapsed long ago. All that remains of it are embankments on both sides of the ravine at the end of the MVT village.

The park surrounding the estate is very overgrown. However, the correct forms of the parterre, bounded by linden alleys, can still be guessed. Of the cascading ponds, only the top one remained, surrounded by old willows and linden trees, practically stagnant, and therefore very overgrown. Just 15 years ago, on its shore one could see a stone bench and a rotunda gazebo. Eight wooden plastered columns supported a coffered dome with cast rosettes. The gazebo stood above the cellar, covered with Monnier vaults.

“We loved to climb along the overgrown banks of the pond,” Andrey recalls. “The gazebo has never been of value to us boys.” It was something left over from the king, from that time that was gone forever. We peeled away the plaster, examining the darkened wood with interest, looked into the cracks of the covered cellar, in which, if you shine a flashlight, you could see frogs sitting among the whitish stems of sprouted linden seeds.”

Neither the gazebo nor the bench survived to this day. The turn of the millennium became fatal for them. Around 2000, the gazebo collapsed. I think not without outside help. All that remained were fragments of columns lying among the thickets of nettles, a stone bench on lion paws and a walled cellar keeping its secrets.

There are many estates like Abrikosovo, or rather their remains, scattered throughout the Moscow region. While they are an undeniable value for our culture and local residents, they tend to become a thorn in the side of the authorities. The lack of infrastructure and communications, crumbling buildings, and the value of the land itself with an advantageous location near the capital provoke officials to indifference, which is sometimes more destructive than open attempts to demolish historical buildings. After all, there is nothing more terrible for a monument than oblivion.

Initially there was no such surname.
And in the 18th century, in the village of Troitsky, Chembarsky district, Penza province, the serf peasant Stepan Nikolaev (1737-1812, Moscow) (in modern terms - Nikolaevich) lived.
This peasant regularly prepared delicacies for the master's table.
He was especially successful with plum jam and apricot pastille.
His mistress, Anna Petrovna, wisely reasoned that it was impractical to keep such a master in the village, and when the peasant asked to “go to Moscow on a quitrent,” she willingly let him go, even giving him some money for the first time.
Although she kept Stepan’s family with her.
By the beginning of the 19th century, Stepan had saved up enough money to buy himself out of the fortress, buy out his family, and move everyone in the summer of 1804 to live in Moscow, where he, a novice pastry chef, already had his own small workshop and a regular clientele.
The whole family worked: Stepan himself, his wife Fekla, daughter Daria, sons Ivan and Vasily. They served dinner parties, official balls, and merchant weddings.
He especially managed to please the abbot of the Novo-Spassky Monastery, who liked Stepanov’s apricot pastille and marmalade so much that he even blessed their production with an icon.
At the age of 75, Stepan Nikolaev signed up as a merchant of Semenovskaya Sloboda and even opened his own grocery store, having received “the highest permission to open a trading house.”
In 1812, after Stepan’s death, management of the family firm passed into the hands of his eldest son, 22-year-old Ivan Stepanov (1792 - 1848, Moscow), the first of the dynasty to receive the surname Abrikosov.
The business grew, and the young merchant had to somehow decide on a surname.
By order of the police, being already a well-known confectioner in Moscow, he received the “confectionery” surname Abrikosov on October 27, 1814.
True, descendants have repeatedly tried to prove that the surname comes from the nickname Obrokosov, that is, “one who walked on a quitrent,” but the Moscow police documents that have reached us indicate that Ivan Stepanov received his surname precisely “for trading fruit,” and before that he “ was considered Palkin."
In 1820, the young merchant Abrikosov moved to the second guild, and in 1830 he rescued his cousins ​​from the village to help.
And in the interval between these two events, on February 20, 1824, his son Alexei was born, who would later be called the “chocolate king of Russia.”
By that time, the company of the Abrikosov brothers was already very strong.
In the book of declared capital of the Semenovskaya Sloboda, Ivan Stepanovich Abrikosov annually indicated a significant figure - 8,000 rubles, which gave the right to join the third merchant guild.
In full accordance with such a respectable position, he wanted to give his children the most solid education possible, and therefore in 1834 he assigned Alexey to the prestigious Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences. The son studied there for less than four years.
By the beginning of 1838, the financial affairs of the Abrikosovs' company had deteriorated sharply.
Suddenly impoverished, Ivan Stepanovich found himself unable not only to pay for his son’s education, but even simply to feed him.
In the same 1838, he put 14-year-old Alexei into service for 5 rubles a month in the office of the Russified German Ivan Bogdanovich Hoffman, who was engaged in the resale of sugar and other groceries.
Alexey became an errand boy. However, he quickly mastered the basics of accounting and became a bookkeeper.
In 1841, his father and uncle, Ivan Stepanovich and Vasily Stepanovich, had to admit themselves insolvent, and at the end of 1842 their property was sold for debts.
Alexey Ivanovich, who renounced his father’s debts and, consequently, the rights to the company, was doing great.
By the mid-1840s, he was already the chief accountant of the office, the boss’s favorite and the pride of the organization.
His earnings went so far from the starting 5 rubles that he was even able to open a small confectionery company in 1847 for his father, who was suffering from the troubles he had experienced.
In Hoffmann's office he found himself future wife- the young daughter of one of the company’s clients, tobacco manufacturer Alexei Borisovich Musatov - Agrippina.
In 1849 a wedding took place.
By that time, Ivan Stepanovich, with the help of his son, managed to raise the “sweet” business again.
But man is not eternal. Ivan and Vasily died one after another - with an interval of only a few months.
And Alexey Ivanovich (25 years old) had to get seriously involved in the troublesome confectionery business, leaving the quiet office of the chief accountant.
Now he has become a Moscow merchant of the third guild and the main supplier of his future main competitor - the confectioner Einem (now the Red October factory).
In the list of factories and factories in the city of Moscow for 1850, it was listed as a “confectionery establishment in the city part.”
The work in the establishment was carried out exclusively by hand.
The only non-human force was the horse, on which Alexey Ivanovich himself rode every day to the Bolotny Bazaar to buy fresh berries and fruits.
Until now, he had not trusted any other of the 24 people working in the workshop with such a responsible operation.
Along with the growth of production, the reputation of the future “candy king” also grew.
By 1852, he became a comrade (public deputy) of the city elder of the third guild of merchants,
a year later - city elder in the house of the Moscow City Society and a member of the Moscow branch of the Commercial Council,
three years later, he received from the Moscow Governor-General a gold medal with the inscription “For zeal” - “to be worn around the neck on the St. Annin’s ribbon.”
In 1861, Alexei Ivanovich was elected a member of the Council of the Moscow Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences, the same one that he never managed to graduate from.
A year later, the Minister of Finance presented him with a second “zealous” medal, now on the Vladimir ribbon.
By the beginning of the 1870s (he was about 46 years old) he was already a member of the general City Duma, an elected member of the Moscow merchant society.
Recipient of three gold medals “For Diligence” (the last one on the Alexander Ribbon), merchant of the first guild, founder of the Moscow Merchant Mutual Credit Society, holder of the Orders of St. Stanislav and St. Anne, 3rd degree,
hereditary honorary citizen of the city,
Member of the Board of the Moscow Accounting Bank.
Large homeowner (apartment buildings No. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 on M. Uspensky Lane (now Sverchkov Lane), house 6-5 on B. Uspensky (now Potapovsky Lane), houses and outbuildings in Lefortovo).

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In 1865, the entire Abrikosov family settled in the former chambers of boyar Sverchkov

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House of A.I. Abrikosova, modern look. Sverchkov lane, 8, building 3 (b. Maly Uspensky).

Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosova bought this house for his large family.
Today the house is known as the "Cricket Chambers".
After restoration carried out in the 1970s, the Russian State House of Folk Art is located here.

In 1873, he received permission to install a 12 horsepower steam engine at the factory.
Now his workshop has become the largest Moscow mechanized confectionery enterprise, producing more than 500 tons of products per year for a total of 325,000 rubles.
Left behind were “Einem” (Red October) and “Sioux and Co.” (Bolshevik) and Georges Bormann, and the brothers Andrei and Gerasim Kudryavtsev, and other chocolate makers popular in Russia.
The empire was created.

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It was time to involve children in the cause, and in 1874 Alexey Ivanovich sent a petition to the Moscow Governor-General, in which he wrote:
“I wish to transfer the factory that belongs to me in its entirety to my sons Nikolai and Ivan Alekseevich Abrikosov.”
Below was a note from the sons:
“We, the undersigned, wish to acquire the factory of A. I. Abrikosov, maintain and carry out work under the company “A. I. Abrikosov’s Sons.”

Just don’t think that there were two children, there were many more of them.
During their marriage, Agrippina Alekseevna Abrikosova gave birth to 22 charming babies (10 boys and 12 girls).

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Agrippina Aleksandrovna Abrikosova (born Musatova) (1832-1901).

However, her participation in the family business was not at all limited to the production of offspring.
Agrippina Alekseevna was responsible for almost all the family real estate.
All apartment buildings were registered in her name, rebuilt and equipped under her control, and she was in charge of tenants’ issues.
The Abrikosovs' apartment buildings were considered one of the most prestigious in Moscow, which was facilitated by the rich interior decoration, the classical style of architecture, fashionable at that time, well-trained servants and high prices.
Representatives of famous families lived in Abrikosov houses.
In addition to working with real estate, Agrippina Alekseevna was involved in charity work.
The Abrikosovs gave charity often and abundantly.
It all started with annual hundred-ruble donations to the Committee to assist the families of those killed and wounded in the war with Turkey.
Then the family became part of another dozen and a half societies,
became a trustee of six vocational schools,
several Moscow hospitals, including the Morozovskaya children's hospital,
took patronage over the Church of the Assumption on Pokrovka,
equipped several homeless shelters
and donated 100,000 rubles for the reconstruction of the Moscow Conservatory building.
Membership and chairmanship of committees and boards of trustees, by the way, required regular contributions to the general fund.
The main thing to which Agrippina Alekseevna Abrikosova devoted the rest of her life was the organization of a free maternity hospital in Moscow.
At the end of 1889, through her efforts, a “free maternity hospital and women’s hospital with permanent beds for A. A. Abrikosova” was opened on Miusskaya Street.
The first paragraph of the charter of this institution read: “Maintained at the expense of the founder.” Agrippina Alekseevna’s son-in-law, the famous obstetrician A. N. Rakhmonov, was appointed head of the shelter.
After the death of Agrippina Alekseevna in 1901, in accordance with her will, her husband, children and grandchildren turned to the mayor with the following statement:
“We have the honor to ask Your Excellency to inform the Moscow City Duma that we wish to donate capital in the amount of 100 thousand rubles for the establishment of a free maternity hospital named after A. A. Abrikosova in Moscow.
The entire donated capital of 100 thousand rubles is intended for the construction of buildings and equipment of the shelter...
The shelter should be called the “City Free Maternity Shelter named after Agrippina Alekseevna Abrikosova” and serve to satisfy the poor class of the urban population.”
To this day it is one of the best maternity hospitals in Moscow.

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After the revolution, he was given the name N.K. Krupskaya.
In 1994, its historical name was returned to it, and now it is City Maternity Hospital No. 6 named after Agrippina Alekseevna Abrikosova.

But let's return to Alexey Ivanovich.
He was a true believer, Orthodox.
Since 1865, when the entire Abrikosov family settled in the former chambers of boyar Sverchkov,
Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov became the permanent head of the parish community of the Church of the Dormition on Pokrovka - the most famous parish church in old Moscow, consecrated in honor of the Dormition of the Mother of God.

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Nicknamed the “eighth wonder of the world,” it was the same national symbol of Moscow as St. Andrew’s Church was for Kyiv or the Church of Elijah the Prophet for Yaroslavl.
One of the “most Moscow churches,” which became the pearl of the Moscow Baroque and the highest example of this architectural style, had a complex structure.
This temple had 13 domes, symbolizing the Lord Jesus Christ and His 12 apostles.
The Assumption Church appeared as a mass of assembled churches flying into the heavens.
The church had a very high staircase and a high walkway - an open gallery area in front of the entrance to the temple.
Each worshiper climbed the stairs to the walkway and, before crossing the threshold of the Temple of God, surveyed the panorama opening from this height: this created a feeling of exaltation, detachment from the earth, conducive to a prayerful mood.
Vasily Bazhenov, who considered it not only one of the most beautiful buildings in Moscow, but also a “strongly national” creation.
For the architect K. Rastrelli, the greatest master of the Baroque, she became a whole creative inspiration:
it was this that he took as a model for his Smolny Cathedral in St. Petersburg, “the most Russian” of all Rastrelli’s works, as I. E. Grabar put it.
The architect and painter Giacomo Quarenghi also admired the beauty of the Assumption Church.
I. Bazhenov, K. Rastrelli, D. Quarenghi considered the Church of the Assumption a masterpiece of Russian architecture.
Even Napoleon was shocked by the Church of the Assumption on Pokrovka and, according to legend, set a special guard to protect it from fire and looters.
However, another legend says that he ordered it to be dismantled brick by brick and moved to Paris.
One way or another, the temple was truly miraculously not damaged by the fire of 1812.
This was also F. M. Dostoevsky’s favorite Moscow church.
His wife recalled that when he was in Moscow, he took her, a “native Petersburger,” to look at this church, because he extremely appreciated its architecture.
When he was alone in Moscow, Dostoevsky always went to Pokrovka to pray in the Assumption Church and admire it.
He stopped the cab in advance and walked to her to see the temple in all its glory along the way.

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Perhaps A.S. Pushkin saw such a Church of the Assumption on Pokrovka.
The Assumption Church had famous parishioners.
The first among them should be named the famous Pashkovs, who lived on Pokrovka, the same ones whose relatives had a luxurious castle on Mokhovaya.
Their ancestor, a native of Poland, Grigory Pashkevich came to Russia to serve Ivan the Terrible, and since then their last name has been listed as the Pashkovs.
One of them, Istoma Pashkov, was a member of the Tula noble militia in the army of the rebel Ivan Bolotnikov and then went over to the side of Tsar Vasily Shuisky.
Another Pashkov, Yegor Ivanovich, was the orderly of Peter I, and his son P. E. Pashkov built the legendary palace on Mokhovaya, known as the Pashkov House.
In the 1890s, the Eliseev brothers, the future creators of the Moscow grocery store on Tverskaya, became parishioners of the Assumption Church, settling in house number 10 on Maly Uspensky Lane.
The main parishioners from the mid-19th century until the October Revolution were the Abrikosovs.
The family business at its very origins was blessed by the icon of the abbot of the Novospassky Monastery.
Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov was not only a zealous parishioner, but also a caring elder of the Assumption Church for 27 long years.
No less famous parishioners of the Assumption Church were the tea merchants Botkin. One of the sons of the founder of the company was the famous Sergei Petrovich Botkin, whose name is now a famous Moscow hospital.
And his son, Evgeniy Sergeevich Botkin, the last Russian physician, remained faithful to Emperor Nicholas II to the end and, together with him, suffered martyrdom in the Ipatiev House.
Another famous son of a tea merchant, Pyotr Petrovich Botkin, who took over the family business after his father’s death, was also the headman of the Assumption Church on Pokrovka and at the same time the headman of the Kremlin Archangel Cathedral, and then the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
After the revolution, the Assumption Church operated for a very long time by Moscow standards - until 1935.
In November 1935, the Moscow Council, chaired by N.A. Bulganin, decided to close and demolish the Assumption Church, “bearing in mind the urgent need to expand the passage along the street. Pokrovka".

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In the winter of 1936, the Assumption Church was demolished to the ground, and in its place a notorious public garden with birch trees was formed at the corner of Pokrovka and Potapovsky Lane.

Today, the storage rooms of the Historical Museum contain a large number of icons from the Church of the Dormition of the Mother of God on Pokrovka.
Two carved platbands and fragments of the facade were transferred to the museum at the Donskoy Monastery, the upper iconostasis of 1706 was transferred to the Novodevichy Convent.

Of the 22 Abrikosov children, 17 lived to a respectable age.
And only four sons followed the path of developing their father’s business.
Ivan Alekseevich took over the management of his father's main company.
Expanding his father’s business, in the late 1870s he bought several large sugar factories, opened a branch of the factory in Simferopol, moved the main production to Sokolniki in 1880 and opened a whole network of Abrikosov branded retail stores throughout Russia.
Now the company's products could be bought in Moscow in the Solodovnikovsky passage on Kuznetsky, in the Upper Trading Rows (now GUM), on Tverskaya and Lubyanka, as well as in St. Petersburg on Nevsky Prospekt, in Kyiv on Khreshchatyk, in Odessa on Deribasovskaya. The company's wholesale warehouses opened in both capitals, as well as in Odessa and at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair.
Through the efforts of Ivan Alekseevich, the secret of the famous foreign “glazed fruits” was revealed, the production of which was quickly established at Abrikosov enterprises.
Under him, the company won several times at the All-Russian Art and Industrial Exhibition,
thanks to which she was “graciously allowed to be called the supplier of the court of His Imperial Majesty.”
Vladimir Alekseevich Abrikosov became the director of the tea partnership of the Popov brothers, a controlling stake in which was purchased during the life of Alexei Ivanovich.
Georgy Alekseevich at different times was the director of various family firms and, among other things, headed the board of the Partnership of the F. M. Shemyakin and Co. (Alekseevskaya street, own house).
Nikolai Alekseevich, although he was on the board of directors of the family company, did not show any interest in the confectionery business.
He was a real intellectual, fluent in five languages, graduated from Moscow University and the Sorbonne in Paris, a close friend of the famous lawyer A.F. Koni, a permanent honorary member of the Moscow Psychological Society, the author of numerous articles in the journal “Questions of Philosophy and Psychology”, which he published together with his brother Alexei.
However, the glory of the Apricot dynasty is by no means limited to these names.
It starts with them.
Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov, the son of Ivan Alekseevich, became the world's most famous pathologist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, one of the doctors who embalmed the bodies of Lenin and Stalin.
His daughter, Maria Alekseevna Abrikosova, for a long time was the chief doctor of the USSR rowing team.
And the son, Alexey Alekseevich Abrikosov, became a famous theoretical physicist, academician, laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes, director of the Institute of High Pressure Physics named after. L. F. Vereshchagina USSR Academy of Sciences.
Ivan Alekseevich's second son, Dmitry Ivanovich Abrikosov, was ambassador to Japan - the last ambassador of Tsarist Russia and the first ambassador of Soviet Russia.

Khrisanf Nikolaevich Abrikosov (grandson of A.I. Abrikosov) - personal secretary of L.N. Tolstoy;
Sergei Nikolaevich Abrikosov was the director of a family confectionery factory and was the chairman of the Moscow Society of Confectionery Manufacturers.
Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov (grandson of A.I. Abrikosov) is a pathologist, author of several textbooks.
His son, Alexey Alekseevich Abrikosov, is a physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (2003).
In addition, the artists of the Moscow Vakhtangov Theater A.L. belong to this family. Abrikosov and his son G.A. Abrikosov.

After the revolution, many of the Abrikosovs went abroad, but many remained.
By the 21st century, about 150 descendants of Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov lived in Moscow.
But none of them continued the traditions of confectionery.
The fate of Anna Abrikosova is unusual. Daughter of Ivan Alekseevich.
After graduating from high school in Moscow, she studied at Oxford University and converted to Catholicism in England.
Anna married her relative Vladimir Abrikosov, who also converted to Catholicism.
Having traveled abroad, Anna joined the Dominican Order and was named Catherine.
After the revolution, Vladimir Abrikosov, who was exiled abroad in 1922, also became a Catholic priest.
Sister Ekaterina (Anna Abrikosova) supported Catholic activities in Moscow until 1923, when she was arrested and exiled to Tobolsk.
She later ended up in Yaroslavl prison, where she died in 1936.

Alexey Ivanovich and Agrippina Aleksandrovna Abrikosov are buried in the cemetery of the Alekseevsky Monastery on Upper Krasnoselskaya Street.

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In the cemetery of the Alekseevsky Monastery there were graves and crypts of the Naryshkins, princes Volkonsky, princes of Cherkassy, ​​the founder of the New Athos monastery, Hieromonk Arseny (Minin), the famous Russian publicist M.N. Katkov, professor of zoology at the Imperial Warsaw University V.N. Ulyanin, many representatives of the famous Moscow merchants are buried - Sytenko, Sokolovs, Mamontovs, Kuznetsovs, the first Russian Pushkinist P.I. Bartenev, patroness of P.I. Tchaikovsky Nadezhda von Meck, artist I.M. Pryanishnikov, historian A.A. Shakhov and many, many others...
After the October Revolution, the cemetery was destroyed. The Church of All Saints in Krasnoe Selo. (July 26, 2009. Photo by A.I. Abrikosov)

The founder of the famous Abrikosov dynasty of confectioners was Stepan Nikolaevich, a serf peasant of the Penza province. He made jam and marmalade so skillfully that he saved money and bought his freedom in 1804. And he received his surname in 1814 because he was the best in Moscow at preparing apricot pastille.

Stepan's grandson, Alexey Ivanovich, founded the Apricots and Sons factory in Moscow.

He had 10 sons and 12 daughters. Agrippina Alexandrovna, wife and mother of 22 children, was the daughter of a merchant, and her dowry served to develop the family business.

The family had patriarchal merchant morals, where they obeyed their father unquestioningly, sat down at the table together and went to church. All household members worked hard for the family business, and by the end of the 19th century the factory had grown greatly. It occupied 4 hectares of land on Malaya Krasnoselskaya Street, where about 2,000 workers annually produced 4 thousand tons of chocolate, caramel, biscuits and other sweets. The annual turnover reaches 1,800,400 rubles. Marshmallows and glazed fruits were especially popular.

Abrikosov was a talented businessman. He skillfully used advertising opportunities, introduced marketing innovations, and took care of the beauty and comfort of his stores.

Shop of the Partnership A.I. Abrikosov's Sons

Once upon a time under New Year A report appeared in Moscow newspapers that in one Abrikosov store only blondes worked as saleswomen, and in another only brunettes. The townspeople rushed to check whether this was really so, accompanying their curiosity with buying and eating sweets. And intriguing inserts - postcards, puzzles and other surprises in candy sets - these advertising techniques are still used in business today.

Interior decoration of Abrikosov stores

The variety of assortment and high quality of products brought the Abrikosovs' company victories at the All-Russian art and industrial exhibitions in 1882 and 1896. On the packaging of Abrikosov sweets, two images of the coat of arms of the Russian Empire appear one after another.
In 1899, the Partnership of A.I. Abrikosov Sons,” which won the All-Russian Art and Industrial Exhibition for the third time, is awarded the honorary title “Supplier of the Court of His Imperial Majesty,” with the right to display the corresponding sign on the packaging of its products.

In 1900, a new house was built for the Abrikosov family.

Architect Boris Schnaubert designed it in the Art Nouveau style that was fashionable in those years. The prototype for the building was the famous Parisian mansion of Madame Gilbert, which became a model for many buildings of that time. The whimsical silhouette of the Abrikosov house decorates Malaya Krasnoselskaya today, and it is also depicted on the company’s logo.

When the Abrikosovs celebrated golden wedding, 150 people of their direct descendants and other relatives gathered. The children showered them with flowers and presented them with gold crowns decorated with diamonds, the grandchildren presented them with a family tree, and the great-grandchildren presented them with a large family photograph. For the main achievement of their life was still family happiness.

Golden wedding invitation

Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov died on January 31, 1904, having lived 80 years. By the end of his life, he was an active state councilor, a holder of many imperial Orders, the permanent Chairman of the Council of one of the best commercial schools in Russia - the Moscow Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences, and the permanent Chairman of the Council of the Moscow Accounting Bank.
Until 1917, his confectionery business was successfully continued by his descendants, but after the revolution the factory was nationalized. Soon it was given the name of the chairman of the Sokolniki district executive committee, Pyotr Akimovich Babaev. However, for a few more years on product labels after the words “Factory named after. worker P.A. Babaev” in brackets it read: “formerly. Abrikosova".

This amazing house has become a symbol of the well-being and prosperity of the famous confectionery family of Russia, and today it is strongly associated with famous “sweet” brands and brands.

The founder of the dynasty, Stepan Nikolaev, was originally a serf peasant of the Penza landowner Levashova, who received freedom for himself and his family in 1804. He successfully produced various sweets: glazed fruits, marmalade, jam, apricot pastille - the latter gave him his last name. Having become a free man and moved with his family to Moscow, Stepan Nikolaevich signed up as a merchant of the Semyonovskaya Sloboda in order to continue his “sweet” business here. His son, Ivan Stepanovich, gave family production a new scope, moving from a small enterprise to a manufactory. But the real takeoff occurred under his son, Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov, who became a merchant of the first guild, received the title of hereditary honorary citizen and the rank of full state councilor.

In the 1880s, Alexey Ivanovich moved his production from Sverchkov Lane in the center of Moscow to Malaya Krasnoselskaya Street, which at that time was rapidly turning from a quiet outskirts into a bustling industrial area. On a four-hectare site, a huge Abrikosov factory appeared with many workshops, the names of which reflected the range of products produced: chocolate, lozenges, candy, caramel, biscuit. The packaging was also made here. By 1890, the factory annually produced fifty-three thousand pounds (848 tons) of sweets and five thousand pounds (72 tons) of jam. For participation in the All-Russian art and industrial exhibition “Partnership A.I. Abrikosov Sons” in 1899 received the title “Supplier of the Court of His Imperial Majesty” and the right to place the state emblem on its products.

The Abrikosovs built their own house right next to the factory - on the corner of Malaya Krasnoselskaya and Proezzhaya streets (the latter later received the name Lobachika Street). Architect Boris Schnaubert, who had previously become famous for the construction of the Tsvetkov mansion in the “pseudo-Russian” style on Prechistenskaya embankment, designed and erected a building in the Art Nouveau style in 1905. According to one version, he had a foreign prototype - the mansion of Madame Gilbert in Paris. The Abrikosovs' house is concentrated around a corner volume, where the main porch and three convex bay windows on the second floor open. If the first tier of the building is decorated relatively modestly, then on the second tier the original window frames with a honeycomb pattern have been preserved - perhaps a hint of the honey sweets made, among other things, at the Abrikosov factory. Other wooden window details have pseudo-Gothic features. The gracefully curved molded details under the second-floor windows vaguely resemble candy bowls. The house seems to have been deliberately made to “speak”: its facades demonstrate what exactly the owners produced and what they specialized in. The fence lattice on the roof of the house is also made in the Art Nouveau style: the smooth curves of its elements give the completion of the house a wave-like appearance. The historic wooden doors of the mansion have also been preserved.

After the revolution, the Abrikosovs' enterprise was nationalized, in 1918 it received the name State Confectionery Factory No. 2, and in 1922 it was given a name in honor of the Moscow Bolshevik, head of the Sokolniki District Executive Committee Pyotr Babaev. But the old name remained in force for a long time: in the 1920-1930s, “Factory named after Babaev (formerly Abrikosov)” was written on wrappers and boxes. Production on Malaya Krasnoselskaya Street still exists today. The Abrikosov family house, the silhouette of which adorns the factory’s products as the official logo, has become a symbol of preserving the traditions laid down by the founders of the confectionery production.