Fivefold prayer for beginners. Obligatory prayers: features and order of performance by men

One of the obligatory pillars of Islam that every Muslim must perform is praying five times a day (salat) to Allah Almighty at the prescribed time of day. At the same time, in order to perform namaz, certain conditions must be met. How to perform namaz correctly and what should every Muslim know before performing it?

How to read namaz correctly - preparation

Before starting prayer, it is necessary to perform a small (wudu) ablution or, if necessary, a complete ablution (ghusl).

In addition to ablution, the following conditions must also be met:

• Vestment. For women, it is allowed to leave their feet, hands and face open. In this case, the head, including the hair, must be covered. Men's heads remain uncovered.
• The prayer should be performed towards the Kaaba (Mecca, Saudi Arabia).
• A specific time must be observed for a specific prayer.
• You need to express your intention to perform namaz (in the shower).

If all of the above points are fulfilled, then you can begin to perform namaz.

How to read namaz correctly. Five obligatory daily prayers: names and times

• Fajr - morning prayer. This salad is performed at dawn until full sunrise, when the sun completely crosses the horizon.
• Zuhr - midday prayer. You can pray a few minutes after the sun has passed its zenith. The period in which you need to pray ends with the beginning of the Asr prayer.
• Asr – pre-evening prayer. It starts approximately two hours before sunset and needs to be done before the sun begins to disappear below the horizon.
• Maghrib - evening prayer. The evening prayer should be performed immediately after sunset, before the evening glow is still present.
• Isha - night prayer. With the onset of late evening, when it is already completely dark outside, you can perform isha prayer. His time spans the entire night until dawn.

How to read namaz correctly - rules

Let's look at performing prayer using the example of the morning Fajr prayer (consists of 2 ra'kaats). It is important that the person praying reads the prayer silently or in a whisper.

• Stand towards the Kaaba. Lower your arms along your body and you need to look at the floor, about a meter away from you. Don't close your eyes.

• Then the arms are bent at the elbow, open palms are raised from yourself to ear level, the takbir is pronounced: “Allahu Akbar!” (Allah is Great!). In this case, the fingers should be connected together. After pronouncing takbir, you cannot do any actions that could disrupt the prayer, because it will not be taken into account by the Almighty (laughing, talking, looking around, scratching something, and so on).

• Afterwards, the hands are connected on the stomach above the navel. In this case, the right hand is placed on the left, clasping it at the wrist. The first ra'kaat of prayer begins. Sana is read - praise to Allah:

“Subhanaka-llahumma wa-bi-hamdika wa-tabaraka-smuka wa-ta'ala jadduka wa jalla sana'uka wa-la 'ilaha gairuk" (“Glorified are You, O Allah, with Your Purity! Let us begin with praising You. Blessed is the Name Thine. Great is Thy Power. Mighty is Thy Glory. "

• Then it is said: “A’uzu bi-l-lyakhi mina-sh-sheitani-r-rajim!” (“I resort to the protection of Allah from the cursed and rejected Shaitan!”).
• Next, you need to read Surah Al-Fatihah (“The Opener”).

Bi-smi-llahi-r-rahmani-r-rahim.
Al-hamdu li-llahi rabbi-l-alamin.
Ar-rahmani-r-rahim.
Maaliki yawmi-d-din.
Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in.
Ikhdina-s-siraata-l-mustakiim.
Siraata-l-lyaziina an'amta alaihim.
Gairi-l-magdubi aleikhim wa la-d-daaaalliin.

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds,
The Gracious, the Merciful,
Lord of the Day of Retribution!
You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.
Lead us on the straight path,
the path of those whom You have blessed, not those on whom wrath has fallen, and not those who are lost.

• After completing the opening sura, you need to say: “Amen!” and immediately another surah is read. This could be Surah “An-nas” (People), “Al-ikhlas” (Purification of Faith), “Al-falak” (Dawn) or any other by heart.
• After the second sura, the takbir “Allahu Akbar” is again pronounced with a raise of hands and a bow (hand) is performed. At the same time, open palms are lowered to the knees, and the following is said: “Subhana rabbiyal-azim!” (Glory to the Greatest Lord!) – 3 times.

• Then, rising, he says: “Sami’a-l-lahu liman hamidah!” (Allah hears those who praise Him!).
• When fully erect: “Rabbana wa-laka-l-hamd!” (Our Lord, all praise is only to You) and takbir: “Allahu Akbar!”

• After takbir, prostration (sujud) is made. It works as follows. Your knees begin to bend, then you need to stand on them, then lower your hands in front of you and touch your forehead and nose to the floor. Your hands should be clasped at ear level at this time. In this case, the feet remain on their toes. Pronounced: “Subhana rabbi-l-a’la!” (Glory to the Lord Almighty) – 3 times.

• Then takbir and, without getting up, sit on your left leg, bending your foot under you with your toe inward, and straighten your right leg parallel to the floor. The palms are placed on the knees, the fingers are connected and the hands lie along the hips. Then, “Allahu Akbar” is said again and a second bow is made, repeating the phrase three times: “Subhana rabbiyal-a’la.”

• Next, takbir “Allahu Akbar” and you need to stand in reverse order. First, your arms and head come off the floor, and then you need to get up from your squat and straighten up. This is how the first ra'kaat ends.

• This is followed by a repetition of the first ra’kaat and at the end of the second bow, the takbir is pronounced and again you need to sit on your feet. In this case, the index finger of the right hand must be straightened towards the Kaaba. The prayers “Tashahhud” and “Salyavat” are read. During these prayers, the straightened finger should move up and down without stopping.

“At-tahiyyatu li-llahi wa-s-salyawatu wa-t-tayyibat! As-salamu ‘alaika ayyuha-n-nabiyyu wa-rahmatu-llahi wa-barakatuh! As-salamu 'alaina wa-'ala ibad-llahi-s-salihin! Ashkhadu ‘al-la ‘ilaha ila-llahu, wa-‘ashkhadu ‘anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa-rasuluh!’ (All greetings are to Allah, all prayers and righteous deeds. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings! Peace be upon us and all the righteous servants of Allah. I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and messenger.)

Salawat: “Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammadiv-wa-‘ala ‘ali Muhammadin kama sallayta ‘ala Ibrahima wa-‘ala ‘ali Ibrahima, innaka hamidun-majid. Allahumma barik 'ala Muhammadiv-wa-'ala 'ali Muhammadin kama barakta 'ala Ibrahima wa-'ala 'ali Ibrahima, innaka hamidun-majid" (O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly , You are Glorious, Praiseworthy and Great. O Allah! Show Your generosity to Muhammad and his family, as You bestowed Your generosity on Ibrahim and his family.

• After salawat, you need to turn your head to the right and say: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu-l-lah” (Peace and mercy of Allah be upon you), and then to the left and again: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu-l-lah.”
• Fajr prayer is over. All other prayers, except Maghrib, consist of 4 ra’kaats. After the first two, when the tashahud is pronounced until “Ashhadu ‘al-la ‘ilahu illa-llahu ...”, the takbir “Allahu Akbar!” is said again, you need to get up and repeat two more ra’kaats. Maghrib consists of 3 ra'kaats.

Before you start praying, you need to become familiar with when you can’t perform namaz, what violates namaz, how to properly perform ablution, and much more. At first it may seem that everything is very difficult, but it is not! The most important thing is that after prayer you will feel inner peace and satisfaction! Peace and blessings of Allah be upon you!

For every Muslim, prayer is a kind of communication with Allah. It helps clear your mind five times a day and brings peace into your life. Prayer is a way for a person to thank Allah and remind him that Allah is watching over his life, giving him strength in the most difficult times. This article explains how to correctly perform the Muslim prayer, salat, in accordance with one of the five main Islamic schools - the Hanafi madhhab.

Performing namaz five times during the day is an obligation that a Muslim must perform, each at a set time: in the pre-dawn hours, immediately after the zenith of the sun, before sunset, after sunset and at night. Knowing how to perform namaz is important for proper worship.

There are other conditions for worshipers: being in a state of ablution (guidance on how to do ablution), cleanliness of the place from impurities, the aura must be covered, facing the Kaaba when praying, intention (niyyat) and the opening takbir. Let's move directly to the question of how to correctly perform prayer according to the Hanafi madhhab.

How to perform namaz correctly

Namaz begins with takbir - praising the Almighty with the words: “Allahu Akbar.” At the same time, the worshiper raises his hands, touching his earlobes with his thumbs.

Afterwards, the hands are folded on the stomach, the right hand on top of the left. This position in prayer is called standing - kiyam. It is sunnah to recite the short prayer “Istiftah”, also known as “Sana”. Next, the words of protection from shaitan are pronounced: “Aguzu billahi minash shaytoni rajim” and “Bismillah...” Next, we will look at the prayer for men, and briefly point out the differences in the women’s prayer.

While continuing to stand, the surah of the Holy Quran “Fatihah” must be read; this surah is read during each rakat (cycle) of prayer. Next, read any sura from the Koran with a length of at least three verses.

Afterwards, the worshiper moves into a bow (hand). After pronouncing takbir, you need to clasp your knees with your hands and straighten your back. At the same time, the words are said three times: “Subhana Robbiyal Azym.”

Straightening up, he says: “Robbana Lakal Hamd.” The back should be straightened completely.

With the words of Takbir, the Muslim proceeds to Sujud. An important component of a correctly performed prostration is touching the floor of the forehead, hands, and toes. Be sure to fully straighten your back and not place your elbows on the ground.

While touching the floor, the words “Subhana-Robbiyal A'ala” are pronounced three times. Then you need to sit on your left heel, leaving your right leg in the same position.

It is sunnah to say the words “Rabbi gfirli” three times. Then the bow is made again.

After completing the bow to the ground, the worshiper stands up with the words takbir and stands in the “qiyam” position with folded hands. In this way the first rakat (cycle) is completed. It should be remembered that the number of rak'ahs for each prayer may differ. There are two rak'ahs for morning prayer, three for evening prayer, and four rak'ah for afternoon, evening and night prayers.

After performing the second rak'ah, the person praying directly from prostration remains to read the Attakhiyat. During the morning prayer with two rak'ahs, you should then read the words of Salavat and dua, then say salam with your head turned in both directions. With four rakats of prayer, the worshiper, having read the Attakhiyat, performs two more rakats of prayer and only then reads the Attakhiyat, Salavat and dua again. Then, to complete the prayer, he recites salam. This ends the obligatory parts of the prayer.

Namaz for women

Namaz for women has slight differences:

1. During the opening takbir, the woman raises her hands in front of her chest.
2. In kiyama, the arms are folded above the chest.
3. When bowing to the ground, women touch their stomachs to their knees and do not spread their arms wide like men.

(Persian نماز‎) or salat (Arabic: صلاة‎) is a canonical prayer, one of the five pillars of Islam. The prayers of the first Muslims consisted of loudly pronouncing together the formulas of monotheism and the exaltation of Allah. There are no clear instructions in the Koran for performing prayers, although there are many indications of such particulars as prayer times, prayer formulas, certain movements, etc. The entire order of performing prayers developed as an imitation of the prayer postures and movements of the Prophet Muhammad and is enshrined in the memory of the first Muslims. The uniformity of prayer was practiced over almost a century and a half and was recorded in writing by the Hanafi jurist Muhammad al-Shaybani (d. 805).

The words of the Iqamat in the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa:

Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar

Ashhadu alla ilaha illa Allah
Ashhadu alla ilaha illa Allah

Ashhadu Anna Muhammadar Rasulu Allah

Hayya ala ssalah
Hayya ala ssalah

Hayyah alaal fallah
Hayyah alaal fallah

Kad Kamati ssalah
Kad Kamati ssalah

Allahu Akbar
Allahu Akbar

La ilaha illya Allah

I rak'at

1. While standing, express your sincere intention (niyat) to commit namaz:

"For the sake of Allah, I intend to make fard* of this morning namaz A".

Important Notes:
*Fard is obligatory in Islam. Failure to perform fard is considered a sin.

In this case, we give a simplified example of performing the morning namaz a, in which there are 2 cancers (cycles of body movements).

Remember that everyone namaz includes a certain number of cancers of the sunnah (desirable) and fard (obligatory).

Morning - 2 sunnahs, 2 fards
Daytime - 4 sunnahs, 4 fards, 2 sunnahs
Afternoon - 4 fards
Evening - 3 fard, 2 sunnah
Night - 4 fard, 2 sunnah

2. Raise both hands, fingers apart, with palms facing the Qibla, to ear level, touching your thumbs to your earlobes and say takbir iftitah (initial takbir) “Allahu akbar.”

Takbir. The gaze is turned to the place of soot (the place that the head touches when bowing to the ground). The palms are turned towards the Qibla, the thumbs touch the earlobes. Feet are parallel to each other. There is a distance of four fingers between them.

3. Then place your right hand with your palm on left hand, clasping the wrist of the left hand with the little finger and thumb of the right hand, and lower the hands folded in this way just below the navel and read:

"Suru Fatiha"

"Auzu billahi minashshaytaani r-rajim
Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim
Alhamdu lillahi rabbil 'alamin
Arrahmaani r-rahim
Maaliki Yaumiddin
Iyyakya na´budu va iyakya nasta´iin
Ikhdina s-syraatal mystakyim
Syraatallyazina an'amta aleikhim
Gairil Magdubi Aleikhim Valad-Doolliin..."
Aamin!.. (Pronounced to oneself)

But you, as a beginner performing your first prayers in your life, can limit yourself to only reading Surah Fatiha.

Qiyam. The gaze is turned to the place of soot. Hands folded on the stomach, just below the navel. The thumb and little finger of the right hand wrap around the wrists of the left hand. Feet are parallel to each other. There is a distance of four fingers between them.

4. Having lowered your hands, say: “Allahu Akbar” and make a hand” (waist bow).

Hand." The gaze is directed to the tips of the toes. The head and back are at the same level, parallel to the surface of the place of prayer. The legs are straightened. The fingers are spread apart and clasp the knees.

5. After the hand, straighten your body to a vertical position.

6. After straightening, with the words “Allahu Akbar”, perform soot. When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands and, only after that, touch the soot with your forehead and nose.

Soot. Head - between hands. The forehead and nose touch the floor. Fingers and toes should point in the direction of the Qibla. The elbows do not touch the carpet and are moved away from the body. The belly does not touch the hips. The heels are closed.

7. After this, with the words “Allahu Akbar,” rise from the soot to a sitting position.

8. After pausing in this position long enough to say “Subhanallah”, with the words “Allahu Akbar”, lower yourself into soot again.

Soot. The head is between the hands. The forehead and nose touch the floor. Fingers and toes should point in the direction of the Qibla. The elbows do not touch the carpet and are moved away from the body. The belly does not touch the hips. The heels are closed.

9. Then, with the words “Allahu Akbar,” stand up to perform the second rak’ata. Hands close in the same place.

II rak'at

First, as in the first rak'at, read Surah "Fatiha", an additional surah, for example "Ikhlas" (although for beginners you can limit yourself to only reading Surah "Fatiha" - see above), perform ruku (upper bow) and soot.

10. After the second sajdah of the second rak'at, sit on your feet and read the prayer (du'a) "Attahiyyat":

"Attahiyaty lillaahi vassalavaty vatayibyatu
Assalaam aleyke ayukhannabiyu wa rahmatyllahi wa baraka'atyh
Assalaam aleyna wa ala ibadillahi s-salihiin
Ashhad alla illaha illallah
Wa ashhadi Anna Muhammadan "abduhu wa rasylyukh"

Attention! When pronouncing the words “la illaha,” the index finger of the right hand rises, and when saying “illa illaha,” it goes down.

Ka´da (sitting). The gaze is turned to the knees. Hands are on your knees, fingers in a free position. Both legs are slightly shifted to the right. You should sit not on your left leg, but on the floor.

11. Say the greeting: “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah” with your head turned first towards the right shoulder and then towards the left

Salam (greeting) in right side. Hands on knees, fingers in a free position. The foot of the right foot is placed on the carpet at a right angle, the toes are directed towards the Qibla. The head is turned to the right, looking at the shoulder.

Procedure for performing the midday prayer

The midday prayer consists of four rak'ahs (cycles). It is done as follows:

1. Having previously fulfilled all the conditions necessary to begin performing prayer, face the revered Kaaba, discarding all extraneous thoughts. Turn your heart and attention to Allah, thinking of His Greatness, mercy and love for His creatures, with the awareness that He is watching over you. In this case, the legs should be shoulder-width apart, the feet should be on the same line, the arms should be lowered, the gaze should be directed to the place where the forehead touches when bowing to the ground.

During the entire prayer, women need to show composure of their body: their legs should be together, their hands should be pressed to the body;

2. Intention.

Starting prayer, Necessarily make the intention in your heart to perform the appropriate prayer. Do this at the same time as saying takbira, that is, the words “Allahu Akbar” for entering prayer. For example: “I intend to perform the obligatory (fard) midday prayer for the sake of Allah.”. That is, you must mentally express your intention to perform namaz, indicate in it that you are performing the obligatory (farz) prayer, and what kind of prayer (morning, midday or afternoon, etc.). It is advisable to indicate in the intention whether this is a timely prayer or a refundable one, as well as the number of rakats. It should be remembered that prayer is performed only for the sake of Allah.

However, before takbir, it is sunnah to first say the intention out loud, and this is done so that it is easier to focus on it mentally.

3. Saying takbir.

Necessarily standing, recite the introductory takbir:

اَللهُ اَكْبَرُ

"Allahu Akbar" (Allah is great). After pronouncing it, you are already in prayer. Takbir and subsequent verbal arcana and prayers should be pronounced so that you yourself can hear the reading, observing, as expected, all the rules of reading and pronouncing the letters without distortion, without adding or subtracting a single letter. All prayers must be read only while exhaling.

When pronouncing takbir, it is recommended to raise your hands so that your thumbs are at the level of your earlobes, your palms are facing forward, and the remaining fingers are slightly bent and also pointing forward.
Women also raise their hands in the same way.

4. Standing.

Necessarily stand while performing ritual prayer, if a person can. In this case, it is recommended to fold your hands below the chest and above the navel so that the right palm is on the wrist of the left hand and holds it.

5. Reading Surah Al-Fatihah(first sura of the Koran).

Necessarily reading Surah Al-Fatihah so that they themselves can hear the reading, observing all the rules of reading (tajweed) and the sequence of verses and pronouncing the letters without distortion. The correct reading of Surah Al-Fatihah must be learned directly from the lips of a competent teacher and this should be done without delay.

If someone cannot recite Surah Al-Fatihah correctly, then he should recite any verses of the Holy Quran whose total number of letters is equivalent to the number of letters in Surah Al-Fatihah (156 letters). If a person knows one or more verses from Surah Al-Fatihah (Basmala is also a verse in Surah Al-Fatihah), he can repeat them so many times to get the same number of letters as in Surah Al-Fatihah " If a person cannot read anything from the Koran, he should read the words of remembrance of Allah (dhikr):

سُبْحانَ اللهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلهِ وَلآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ واَللهُ اَكْبَرُ

“Subhanallahi, wal-hamdulillahi, wala ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar”
(Allah is pure from all shortcomings, praise and glory be to Allah, there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, Allah is Great).

The worshiper pronounces these words so many times that there are at least the same number of letters as in Surah Al-Fatihah. For example, it is enough to say the words “Allahu Akbar” twenty times. If a person cannot read either Surah Al-Fatihah or anything else from the Koran, cannot read dhikr (for example, a person who has just accepted faith), then he stands silently for as long as it takes a moderate reading of the sura. Al-Fatiha."

آمينَ يا رَبَّ الْعالَمينَ

"Amin, I am Rabbal-'alamin"

(O Allah, Lord of the worlds, fulfill my request!).

It is also advisable to read after Surah Al-Fatihah at least one or three verses from the Koran in the first and second rak'ahs. Before reading Surah Al-Fatihah in the first rak'ah, it is recommended to read the prayer "Iftitah" (see Appendix 5) and then "Isti'az".

6. Bow from the waist(hand‘).

After reading Surah Al-Fatihah Necessarily bow from the waist so that the palms of both hands rest on the cups of your knees. In this case, the elbows are slightly moved to the sides, the back, neck and head are in one straight line. In this position you need to stay in a state of rest. for a while(at least for a time sufficient to pronounce “Subhanallah”). This delay is called "fog". It should be noted that bowing, like all other subsequent actions of prayer, should not be performed for any other purpose than to fulfill an element of prayer. It is recommended that when performing a bow from the waist, raise your hands to ear level in the same way as when entering prayer, and say: “Allahu Akbar.” Also, during a bow, it is advisable to say three times:

سُبْحانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظيمِ وَبِحَمْدِه

“Subhana Rabbiyal-‘azimi va bihamdihi”

(My Great Lord is above all shortcomings, praise be to Him).

7. Straightening(i'tidal).

Necessarily return after bowing to the starting position “standing” and stay in this position for a while (tumanina). It is recommended that while straightening, raise your hands to ear level, as before, and say:

سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ

"Sami'Allahu liman hamidah"

(Allah accepts the praises of the one who praises Him), stretching the pronunciation over the entire period of straightening. After you have finally straightened up, it is advisable to say:

رَبَّنا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ

"Rabbana lakal-hamd"

(O our Lord! Praise be to You!).

8. Prostration(sujud).

Then Necessarily bow to the ground, pressing your forehead to the floor (rug). To do this, first kneel down, then lean forward, rest both hands on the floor and touch the floor with your forehead. Part of both knees, part of the palms of both hands, the bottom of the toes (with the fingers pointing towards the Qibla) and part of the forehead (the nose also touches the floor) should touch the floor. At the same time, the weight of the head presses on the forehead. Stay in this position for some time, during which it is recommended to say three times:

سُبْحانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلى وَبِحَمْدِه

"Subhana Rabbiyal-a'la wa bihamdihi"

(My Great Lord is above all shortcomings, praise be to Him).

It is also recommended to say “Allahu Akbar” before bowing to the ground. When bowing to the ground, it is desirable that the hands are at shoulder level, the fingers are slightly pressed together and directed towards the Kaaba. For men, it is recommended that when bowing to the ground, the elbows should be moved to the sides and raised from the floor, the stomach should not touch the hips. Women, when bowing to the ground and from the waist, keep their elbows pressed to the body, and when bowing to the ground, the elbows are also raised from the floor, but the stomach touches the hips.

There should be no obstacles between the forehead and the place where it rests, for example, hair, a hat or a scarf, at least part of the forehead should touch the floor directly.

9. Sitting between two prostrations.

Necessarily after bowing to the ground, sit down, straightening your torso, and remain in this position for some time. When rising from a prostration, it is advisable to say “Allahu Akbar.” While in a sitting position, it is recommended to say:

رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لي وَارْحَمْني وَاجْبُرْني وَارْفَعْني وَارْزُقْني وَاهْدِني وَعافِني

“Rabbigfir li, warhamni, vajburni, warfa‘ni, warzukni, vahdini, wa‘afini.”

(Oh my Lord! Give me forgiveness, have mercy on me, help me, raise my level, give me food, lead me further along the true path and protect me from illnesses).

When sitting, it is recommended to tuck your left leg under you so that your foot is under your buttocks, while your right foot is positioned vertically on the floor and rests on your toes pointing forward, towards the Qibla, as if bowing to the ground. This way of sitting is called "iftirash". It is recommended to place your hands on your knees while sitting, with your fingers pointing towards the Kaaba.

10. Required execute second prostration. It is performed in the same way as the first one. At the same time, bending down and rising, say takbir. With the performance of the second prostration, the first rak'ah (cycle) of prayer ends.

11. After that Necessarily need to stand up V full height to execute second rak'ah. To do this, first take the “sitting on your knees” position, then, resting your hands on the floor, palms down, stand up to your full height and take the “standing” position, as at the beginning of the previous rakah. During the ascent, it is recommended to say “Allahu Akbar”. Repeat after this all points from 5 to 10. This ends the second rak'ah.

12. After the second bow to the ground of the second rak'ah (in prayers consisting of 3 or 4 rak'ahs), it is recommended to sit down and read "Tashahhud"(its other name is “At-Tahiyat”, and after it “Salavat” Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). It is advisable to sit in the “iftirash” position (see point 9). If necessary, you can sit on both crossed feet.

It is recommended to keep both hands on your knees. The fingers of the left hand lie on the left knee and are directed towards the Kaaba, the fingers of the right hand lie on the right knee, except for the index, which rises slightly when pronouncing “Illallah” (in “Tashahhud”) and remains in this position until the end of the sitting. In this case, the gaze from the place where the forehead touches is directed to the rising index finger, even if you cannot see it due to darkness or for another reason. The raised finger is slightly bent, the middle and ring fingers and the little finger of the right hand are slightly clenched into a fist, and thumb lightly pressed against the index finger.

13. Then Necessarily necessary stand up and perform the next two rak'ahs in the same way as described in paragraphs 5 - 11. When getting up on the third rak'ah, it is recommended to raise your hands to ear level, while simultaneously saying “Allahu Akbar.” However, you should not raise your hands before the fourth rak'ah.

14. After performing the second sajda in the last rakah Necessarily sit down and read “Tashahhud” and “Salavat”. It is recommended to hold your hands as indicated in paragraph 12. The index finger is slightly raised when pronouncing “Illallah” and remains in this position until the end of the prayer. It is recommended to sit on the floor, bending your left leg and putting it under your right leg, which remains in the same position as when bowing to the ground (Fig.9). This way of sitting is called "tawarruk".
However, after “Tashahhud” it is recommended to read “as-Salat al-Ibrahimiya” in full, then it is advisable to say dua. You can also read this famous dua:

اَللّهُمَّ إِنّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذابِ جَهَنَّمَ وَمِنْ عَذابِ الْقَبْرِ وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيا وَالْمَماتِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسيحِ الدَّجّالِ

“Allahumma inni a‘u h u bik min 'a h abi jahannama wa min 'a h abil-kabri wa min fitnatil-makhya val-mamati wa min sharri fitnatil-masihi-ddajjali.”

(O Allah! I seek help and salvation from You from the torments of Hell, and from the torments of the grave, from the delusions of life and death and from the evil of the turmoil of the false messiah Dajjal).

15. Final “Salaam”.

Completing the prayer, Necessarily pronounce "As-Salamu 'alaikum", but it is recommended to say:

اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ

“As-Salamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatullah”, turning your head first to the right, then to the left. The midday prayer ends with the recitation of these words.

Procedure for performing afternoon and night prayers

Afternoon and night prayers are performed in the same way as midday prayers. The intention should indicate that the obligatory afternoon (or night) prayer is performed. In the first two rak'ahs of the night prayer, men are recommended to read a short surah out loud after Surah Al-Fatihah. This is also allowed for women if there are no strangers nearby.

Procedure for performing evening namza

The three rak'ahs of the evening prayer are performed in the same way as the first three rak'ahs of the night prayer, but with the intention of performing the obligatory evening prayer. After the second sajda of the third rak'ah, paragraphs 14 and 15.

Procedure for performing morning prayer

The two rakats of the morning prayer are performed in the same way as the first two rakats of the night prayer, but with the intention of performing the obligatory morning prayer.

After the second sajdah of the second rak'ah, perform paragraphs 14 and 15. Also after saying "Rabbana lakal-hamd", straightening up after bowing from the waist (in i'tidal) the second rak'ah, it is recommended to read the dua "Qunut".

"It was narrated by Imams an-Nawawi and Ibn Hibban that one day a certain person came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked: “O Messenger of Allah! Truly, I cannot learn to read the Koran. Teach me what will replace reading the Koran.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “Say: subhanallahi, wal-hamdulillahi, wala ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar, wala hawla wala quwwata illya billahil-'aliyil-'azim."
“In another saying, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If you can read the Koran, then read it. If not, then read: al-hamdu lillah, la ilaha illallah, Allahu akbar.”

“When reading “Salavat” in “Tashahhud” of obligatory prayers, the word “sallim” is not pronounced. “Tashahhud” is read without this word.”

"Having said “Salam” and turning your head to the right, it is advisable to mentally greet all the believers (people, angels and jinn) who are on your right side. Then, in the same way, turn your head to the left and say “Salam”, while mentally making the intention to greet everyone believers who are in left side from you."

It so happened that I somehow moved away from Islam: I missed a lot of prayers, my behavior was not like that of a Muslim, etc. I don’t even know how it happened, which is why I forgot, but I never thought that I would stop praying. I want to improve now, but it’s not working, I think, tomorrow I’ll make up for all the prayers, and when tomorrow comes, I’ll reschedule it for the next day. How can I improve, where to start? What to do to strengthen iman?

According to one of the hadiths, namaz is the first thing for which he will be questioned on the Day of Judgment, and if everything goes well with him, if the person performed it regularly and in a timely manner, then interrogation on all other counts will be easy and he, if Allah wills, will go to jail to Paradise. Another saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) says that prayer is the difference between a believer and an unbeliever. In general, there are a lot of hadiths telling about the importance and obligatory nature of prayer; what has been said is enough for a reasonable person to realize how great the importance of obligatory prayer is. Therefore, first of all, you need to pull yourself together and not delay the beginning of performing and repaying the prayer. Give yourself the word that, no matter what happens, you will not give up prayer, try to perform it regularly for at least 40 days. If you have observant friends in your circle, agree with them to go to the mosque together to perform namaz, so by spending more time with your friends, you will strengthen your relationship with them and will not miss prayer.

Along with this, read Islamic literature, in particular the lives of the Prophets (peace and blessings of Allah be upon them), companions, righteous people, and theologians. This greatly instills a love for religion.

Please tell me, if I overslept the morning prayer, should I perform it before the lunch prayer or after it?

Namaz missed for a good reason (if you overslept through no fault of your own, namely: went to bed on time, set an alarm clock, etc.), must be reimbursed and can be reimbursed in free time, unlike prayer missed without a good reason, it must be compensated immediately! It is advisable to perform a missed prayer before a timely one, if this does not delay the time of the timely performance.

I have small child, she is 1 year and 10 months old. Every time I do namaz, she stands in front of me, but I continue to do namaz. I wanted to know if such a prayer is considered valid?

As you know, one of the conditions for prayer is the cleanliness of the body, clothing and place of prayer, namely those places that you touch during prayer. Therefore, the fact that your child stood on the mat does not harm your prayer in any way. The hadiths say that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed prayer, his grandchildren climbed on him.

I am very concerned about one question. I am doing namaz. But many of my relatives have a misunderstanding of our religion, in connection with the current events. That’s why I don’t like to say among them that I generally pray; it’s easier for me to do it silently, so that no one knows. Sometimes they may say something bad about Islam, and I don't want to get into an argument with them. It may be wrong to think so, but I have the impression that they can no longer be convinced. Isn’t my silence, because I don’t defend religion, considered “betrayal” towards it? And what to do in such situations?

Unfortunately, about 70 years of communism have done their job, partly they managed to lead some Muslims away from observing the norms of Islam. First of all, you need to work in terms of educating your relatives. Answer their questions gently and diplomatically, buy several books about Islam and CDs with sermons by theologians, in particular on the topic of obligatory prayer. But the greatest appeal will be your good character and good attitude to them. Do not look at anything, do not abandon the obligatory prayer, observe it regularly and in a timely manner. If you hear something inappropriate from them, correct them, explain to them, but in order for you to be able to do this, you yourself need to study Islam, the wisdom of performing prayer, etc.

I study at a military institute, we are not allowed to pray. What to do?

First, go to the teacher (officer, commander) and try to explain to him the situation, namely, the importance of prayer for a believer. I think (I really hope) that if you present it properly, they will understand and allow it. If suddenly they don’t allow it, go to the most important thing and try to explain to him. If you fail here, contact a good lawyer and think about filing a lawsuit and achieving the right, first of all, granted to you by the Constitution of our country - to freely practice your religion!

Is it possible to perform sunnah (namaz or fasting) if there are unreimbursed duties - fard? For example, when arriving at the mosque, is it better to make up for the missed prayer or is it advisable to perform a welcome prayer of 2 rak'ahs?

According to the Shafi'i madhhab (school of law), one who has missed obligatory prayers cannot perform the desired ones, with the exception of those that are performed only a few times during the year, such as the holiday prayers of Eid al-Adha and Kurban Bayram (Eid al-Adha and Eid al-fitr). For failure to perform the desired prayers, you will not be asked to do so on the Day of Judgment, unlike the obligatory ones. Therefore, it is logical and necessary, when entering a mosque, to perform the missed prayer instead of the greeting prayer, especially since the greeting prayer is replaced by any other prayer. In other words, if a person, upon entering the mosque, performs any prayer, he receives reward for performing the greeting prayer.

How to pronounce the intention to make up for Farz prayer? Are there any conditions to make up for missed Friday prayers?

The intention is made as follows, for example, to make up for the lunch prayer: “I intend to make up for the obligatory 4-rak’at lunch prayer I missed for the sake of Allah.” Accordingly, if the morning prayer is reimbursed, then replace the word “lunch” with “morning”, and “4 rakats” with “2 rakats”, similarly with other prayers.

Missed Friday prayers are not made up; lunch prayers are performed instead, as timely ones, if the prayer time has not yet expired. If the time for lunch prayer has already expired, then you need to make up the lunch prayer as missed.

I had an operation and stitches, which will be removed only after 2 weeks, and I need to take a mandatory bath to perform namaz and fast, but because of the stitches I cannot wet the wound. I don’t want to miss prayer and fasting. What should I do?

In cases where it is impossible to perform ritual ablution or bathing, you need to do cleansing with earth and dust (tayammum). You can read more by following these links:

My husband reads al-Fatihah and some surahs with errors, but better than me. What would be better in this case: to perform namaz collectively or separately? Because of this, we have disputes.

If you and your husband have the same mistakes (one to one), you can perform namaz collectively. However, if your husband makes mistakes other than the ones you make, you will not be able to perform jamaat prayer and will have to pray separately or look for another imam for both of you who can correctly read Surah al-Fatihah.

I have debt prayers for 4 years, what intention should I do at Tarawih prayers: For debt prayers or for Tarawih prayers?

You need to make an intention to repay the debt prayers, since it is for them that you will be demanded on the Day of Judgment, and not for the desired prayers, such as the Tarawih prayer.

During the month of Ramadan, I get up every night and do tahajjud prayers. I recently learned that namaz-tahajjud turns into fard if you perform it once. Please tell me, is this true? If I can’t do it every night, is it undesirable to do it?

The Sunnah does not become farz, however, it is condemned to abandon constantly performed worship.

After gastric surgery I have constant flatulence, i.e. the release of gases from the intestines, which causes me huge problems, including when performing namaz. Ablution is broken during prayer. How should I deal with prayer?

Always wait until the time for prayer and perform ablution immediately before performing the prayer. If you wait for the azan (or the scheduled prayer time), perform ablution and immediately begin reading the prayer, the prayer will be valid, despite the fact that during its performance there will be involuntary release of gas.

I wanted to clarify something: is prayer required for a person after 15 years or after puberty?

According to the Shafi'i madhhab, prayer is obligatory after puberty. Signs of the onset of puberty are: hair growth in the armpits and groin areas, wet dreams, and in girls - the appearance of menstrual flow. If there are no menstruation or wet dreams, then puberty occurs when the child reaches 15 years of age according to the lunar calendar.

Is it possible to perform namaz during azan?

It is possible, but it is advisable to wait until it is completed and perform the prayer afterwards.

Is it possible to perform namaz if the time for namaz has come, but the adhan has not been read?

It is possible, since one of the conditions for prayer is the arrival of its time, and not the announcement of it, which is what adhan is.

If I didn’t have time to do my morning prayers on time, and it’s already light outside, what should I do?

Do it when you wake up, the sooner the better.

Is prayer accepted for a person who has a tattoo on his body?

In the book “Ianat at-Talibin” it is written: “It is obligatory to remove your (tattoo and make-up) if such damage to the skin is not caused that you will have to do tayammum. Otherwise, there is no need to remove the tattoo.” The book “Bujairimi” says: “If yours was inflicted before adulthood, then there is no obligation to remove it. In cases where a person is obliged to remove a tattoo, leaving it is not forgiven, and the prayer performed with it is not considered valid” “Ianat at-Talibin”, (No. 4/55).

Please tell me, after a miscarriage, women experience bleeding for some time. Is it necessary to perform a full ablution after it and is it necessary to make up for all missed prayers during this time?

After the end of postpartum discharge, it is imperative to swim with the appropriate intention. Prayers missed during this period of time do not need to be compensated.