To interest a child and help him master information, you need to turn learning into a game. This article offers games and exercises to develop fine motor skills that you can do with your child at home.

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Topic: “Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in young children preschool age».

“A child’s mind is in his fingers”

The child constantly studies, comprehends the world around us. The main method of accumulating information is touch. Children need to grab, touch, stroke and taste everything! If adults try to support this desire by offering the baby various toys (soft, hard, rough, smooth, cold, etc.), rags, objects for exploration, he receives the necessary stimulus for development. It has been proven that a child’s speech and his sensory (“touching”) experience are interconnected. If the movement of the fingers corresponds to age, then speech development is within normal limits; if the movement of the fingers lags behind, then speech development is also delayed, although general motor skills may be normal and even above normal. Speech is improved under the influence of kinetic impulses from the hands, more precisely, from the fingers. Therefore, if you want your child to speak well, develop his hands!

Movements of the fingers and hands have a developmental effect. There are about 1000 important, biologically active points on the palm and foot. By influencing them, you can regulate the functioning of the internal organs of the body. So, by massaging the little finger, you can activate the heart, the ring finger - the liver, the middle finger - the intestines, the index finger - the stomach, the thumb - the head.

The influence of the hand on the human brain has been known since before our era. Oriental medicine experts say that games involving hands and fingers bring the body and mind into harmony, keeping the brain systems in excellent condition.

You need to start working on developing fine motor skills from the very beginning. early age. Already an infant can massage his fingers, thereby influencing active points associated with the cerebral cortex. In early and early preschool age it is necessary to carry out simple exercises, accompanied by a poetic text, do not forget about the development of basic self-care skills: buttoning and unbuttoning buttons, tying shoelaces, etc. To interest the child and help him master new information, you need to turn learning into a game, do not retreat if the tasks seem difficult, do not forget to praise the child. We bring to your attention games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills, which you can do both in kindergarten, and at home.

Finger gymnastics.

Finger gymnastics solves many problems in the development of a child:

Promotes mastery of fine motor skills;

Helps develop speech;

Increases brain performance;

Develops mental processes: attention, memory, thinking, imagination;

Develops tactile sensitivity;

Relieves anxiety.

Finger games very emotional and fascinating. This is a dramatization of any rhymed stories or fairy tales using hands.

Children enjoy taking part in nursery rhyme games. The most famous version of this game is “Soroka-Soroka”, but there are also more difficult ones to pronounce and show. Let’s try to play these games with you (game training is carried out together with parents).

My family

This finger is mommy

This finger is daddy

This finger is grandma

This finger is grandpa

This finger is me.

That's my whole family!

(alternately massage the fingers, on the last line we clench and unclench our fists)

Cabbage

What's that squeak? (clench and unclench fists)

What's that crunch? (interlace fingers)

What kind of bush is this? (palms with fingers spread out in front of you)

How can there be no crunch?

What if I'm a cabbage? (fingers are bent, representing a head of cabbage).

We chop the cabbage, chop it... (edge ​​of palm)

We three, three carrots (we rub our fists against each other)

We salt the cabbage, salt it... (in pinches)

We press and press cabbage. (clench and unclench our fists)

The development of the hand and fingers is promoted not only finger gymnastics, but also various actions with objects. I offer you a number of games with such items.

Games with buttons

Pick buttons different sizes and colors. Try posting a drawing; at home you can ask your child to make the same one. After the child learns to complete the task, invite him to come up with his own versions of the drawings. You can use a button mosaic to make a flower, a tumbler, a snowman, a butterfly, balls, beads, etc.

Buttons can also be strung on a thread to make beads.

Games with bulk materials

1. Pour peas or beans into a container. The child puts his hands in there and imitates kneading dough, saying:

"Knead, knead the dough,

There is room in the oven.

They will be out of the oven

Buns and rolls." Or:

“We kneaded the dough,

We kneaded the dough

They asked us to knead everything thoroughly,

But no matter how much we knead

And no matter how much we think,

We take out the lumps again and again.

2. Pour dry peas into a mug. For each stressed syllable, he transfers the peas, one at a time, to another mug. First with one hand, then with both hands at the same time, alternately with the thumb and middle finger, thumb and ring finger, thumb and little finger. You can choose any quatrains, for example:

“The legs began to walk: top, top, top,

Straight along the path: stomp-tomp-tomp.

Come on, more fun: stomp, stomp, stomp,

This is how we do it: top-top-top.”

3. Pour peas onto a saucer. We take a pea with our thumb and forefinger and hold it with our other fingers (as when picking berries), then we take the next pea, then another and another - so we pick up a whole handful. You can do this with one or two hands.

4. Drawing by grain. Sprinkle fine grains onto a bright tray in a thin, even layer. Run your child's finger over the rump. You will get a bright contrasting line. Let your child draw a few chaotic lines himself. Then try to draw some objects together (fence, rain, waves, letters, etc.).

5. Place peas and beans in the “dry pool”. The child puts his hand into it and tries by touch to identify and get only peas or only beans.

Games with bottle caps

Two plugs from plastic bottles Place it on the table with the threads facing up. These are “skis”. The index and middle fingers stand in them like feet. We move on “skis”, taking one step for each stressed syllable:

“We are skiing, we are rushing down the mountain,

We love the fun of cold winter."

You can try to do the same with both hands at the same time.

If you drill the plugs in the middle, you can also use them for stringing beads.

Games with clothespins

1. Using a clothespin, we alternately “bite” the nail phalanges (from the index to the little finger and back) on the stressed syllables of the verse:

“The silly kitten bites hard,

He thinks it's not a finger, but a mouse. (Change hands.)

But I'm playing with you, baby,

And if you bite, I’ll tell you: “Shoo!”

2. Imagine with your baby that clothespins are small fish, and a circle or square made of cardboard is a feeder. Well, the baby needs to help the fish have lunch, that is, attach them around the perimeter of the figure. It is very interesting for children to “attach needles” to a hedgehog cut out of cardboard, etc.

3. And, of course, hanging handkerchiefs after washing and securing them with clothespins. This is a simple task, even for a child who has played with clothespins more than once, it may not be so simple.

You can accompany the work by reciting the rhyme:

“I’ll pin the clothespins deftly

I’m on my mother’s rope.”

Games with tweezers and pipette.

These games can keep your child busy for a long time. What seems so simple and uninteresting to us adults captivates the child and, at the same time, develops his motor skills.

Games with beads and pasta

Various stringing exercises are excellent for developing the hand. You can string anything that can be strung: buttons, beads, horns and pasta, dryers, etc.

Beads can be sorted by size, color, shape.

Games - lacing

You can use both factory-made and hand-made ones. (Various lacings are presented at the exhibition). Such games develop spatial orientation, attention, form lacing skills, develop creative abilities, and contribute to the development of eye accuracy and sequence of actions. Cord embroidery is the first step to needle embroidery.

Application

Applications are available from a very early age. If the child is still small and you are afraid to give him scissors, let him tear pictures from a magazine or newspaper with his hands - whatever happens; and you will paste the torn pieces onto a blank piece of paper, giving them some shape. It can make a meaningful collage. From the age of 3 (sometimes earlier) you can learn to cut with scissors, the main thing is that they are safe, with rounded ends. To begin with, it is more convenient to cut geometric shapes and figures from the same color magazines, and with an adhesive pencil, fix them on the sheet. The game of cutting out patterns from several times folded pieces of paper has an undeniable advantage. No matter how clumsily a child cuts, the result will still be a pattern that vaguely resembles a snowflake or a star.

Working with plasticine

You can start sculpting from plasticine as early as 2 years old, the main thing is to select accessible tasks and do not forget to wash your hands. We make sausages, rings, balls; We cut the plasticine sausage with a plastic knife into many small pieces, and then mold the pieces again. From each small piece we make a cake or a coin. You can press a real coin on our cake to get an imprint.

Pieces of plasticine

Our Zina rides,

Balls, sausages,

And fairy tales come to life

The fingers are trying

They mold and develop.

If plasticine scares you for some reason, make one for your baby salt dough. The game will be fun regardless of the outcome. Here is the recipe: flour - salt - water - sunflower oil. Flour and salt are taken in the same quantity, and one third less water (for example, a glass of flour, a glass of salt, 2/3 glass of water, a tablespoon of butter). Stir and knead. If it doesn't stick well, add water. The dough can be stored for a long time in the refrigerator in a plastic bag. To make the sculpted figures hard, bake them in the oven, the longer the better. The hardened figures can be painted with paints. Whenever you prepare real dough, let your baby mold a piece as well.

Such games promote the development of fine motor skills, sensory processes, relax the child, and relieve emotional stress.

Drawing

Drawing is one of the most favorite activities of all children. The more often a child holds a brush, pencil or felt-tip pen in his hands, the easier it will be for him to write the first letters and words at school. Offer children a variety of tasks: using coloring books, finger painting on the bathroom wall using regular paints, finishing drawings, shading, and tracing games. You can trace anything that comes to hand: the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a spoon, etc. Cookie or muffin tins are especially suitable for this purpose. There are many factory games - strokes.

If your child is extremely reluctant to paint with a brush, encourage him to paint with his fingers. You can draw with one, two, or all fingers at once: each finger is dipped in paint of a certain color, and then placed on paper in turn. This is how you get fireworks or beads or something else. Nowadays, special finger paints are offered in stores.

It is very unusual to paint with porous sponges, small rubber balls with a rough surface. Children enjoy using the so-called “signets”.

We really hope that we were able to convince you of the importance of hand development for a preschool child and that through joint efforts we will help our children train their hands and contribute to the development of higher mental functions, development of spatial orientations.

In order to interest the child and help him master new information, you need to turn learning into a game, do not back down if the tasks seem difficult, and do not forget to praise the baby.

Memo for parents

To develop fine motor skills, preschool children should be offered:

1. Exercises with massage ball(from su-jok therapy), walnuts, pencils, pens, felt-tip pens.

1. “Dance” with your fingers and clap your hands softly and loudly, at different tempos.

1. Use with children various types mosaics, construction sets (iron, wood, plastic), games with small parts, counting sticks.

1. Organize games with plasticine and dough.

1. Try the finger painting technique. You can add salt or sand to the paints for a massage effect.

1. Use colored balls of thread for rewinding, ropes of various thicknesses and lengths for tying and untying.

1. Include variety in games natural material(sticks, twigs, cones, shells, cobs, etc.).

1. Engage with your children in stringing beads, learn to unfasten and fasten buttons, snaps, hooks, zippers.

1. Let the children shell peas and shell peanuts.

1. Run small tops with your fingers.

1. Fold the nesting doll and play with different inserts.

1. Cut with scissors.

Dear Parents!

Evoke positive emotions in your child!

Use words and phrases that have an optimistic connotation, for example: “How interesting!”, “Wow, great!”, “Let me help!”, “Beauty!” etc.

Remember, no matter what you create together with your child, the main thing is the desire to continue to engage in similar activities in the future, so complete your activities in good mood both the baby and yours.

Ermoleno Tatyana Alekseevna, teacher
Experience pedagogical work: 22 years

Katerinich Nadezhda Sergeevna, teacher
Teaching experience: 10 years

Vambold Irina Johannesovna, teacher
Teaching experience: 6 years

MKDOU "Kindergarten "Solnyshko" Tarko-Sale, Purovsky district

“The origins of children’s abilities and talents are at their fingertips.
From the fingers, figuratively speaking, come the finest threads- streams that feed the source of creative thought.
In other words, the more skill in a child’s hand, the smarter the child.”

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

Motorology is the study of body movements and the physical and mental functions that underlie them. Scientists have proven that from an anatomical point of view, about a third of the total area of ​​the motor projection of the cerebral cortex is occupied by the projection of the hand, located very close to the speech zone. It is the size of the projection of the hand and its proximity to the motor zone that gives reason to consider the hand as an “organ of speech”, the same as the articulatory apparatus. In this regard, it was suggested that subtle finger movements have a significant influence on the formation and development of the child’s speech function. Therefore, in order to teach a baby to speak, it is necessary not only to train his articulatory apparatus, but also to develop finger movements, or fine motor skills.

Fine motor skills of the hands interact with such higher properties of consciousness as:

* attention;

* thinking;

* optical-spatial perception (coordination);

* imagination;

* observation;

* visual and motor memory;

The development of fine motor skills is also important because the child’s entire future life will require the use of precise, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers, which are necessary to dress, draw and write, as well as perform a wide variety of everyday and educational activities. Fine motor skills develop in a child constantly, starting from a very early age. As we already know, children’s fingers are the very first simulator for the development of fine motor skills. With their help, you can learn to count, read, and show entire fairy-tale performances. And, of course, play!

Let's remember together how children love to wave their hands, clap their hands, play “Magpie-White-sided,” and show off the “horned goat.” All these games are very useful because they train your hand. Playing with cubes, pyramids, and nesting dolls is also useful in early childhood. Later - with various types of construction sets, for example, Lego, when the child has to assemble and disassemble small parts, put together a whole from individual parts, and for this it is very important that the fingers obey and work well. Kids love to fold and unfold boxes, screw and unscrew different lids. These games develop fine motor skills, so it is important to encourage children to engage in such activities and maintain their interest. After all, the more active and precise the child’s finger movements, the faster he begins to speak.

Municipal government preschool educational institution“Kindergarten “Solnyshko” for care and health improvement with priority implementation of sanitary and hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures” provides therapeutic and preventive treatment for children from among the peoples of the North living in the Purovsky district, diagnosed with tuberculosis, tuberculosis contacts. Our institution has one mixed age group from 3 to 7 years, subgroups are formed according to age. The daily routine, providing a combination of training, work and rest, is designed taking into account the round-the-clock stay of pupils, with 6 meals a day. The kindergarten is staffed mainly by children of indigenous nationality who live in the Purovsky district, on the direction of the district pediatrician and phthisiatrician. For children who previously lived in the tundra, whose parents lead a nomadic lifestyle, hygiene skills, daily routine, subject environment, clothes, food, games. New requirements for behavior, constant contact with peers, all this hits the baby at the same time and leads to whims, fears, and refusal to eat. Children have a harder time with the adaptation period. The solution to this problem falls primarily on us educators. We, teachers, organize the child’s life in preschool institution so that the baby adapts almost painlessly to new conditions, to peers and adults.

Children who have not previously attended kindergarten have poor development of finger motor skills: they have poor skills in drawing, modeling, lacing, unfastening and fastening buttons, and very rarely play with construction sets, puzzles, mosaics, etc.

To help the child develop his fingers, we, as teachers, focused on the aspect “Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child through play” - a preschooler’s weak hand can and should be developed. After all, everyone knows that a child with developed fine motor skills can reason logically, his memory, attention, and coherent speech are quite developed.

We started our work with the selection methodological literature, defining tasks, equipping a subject-development environment in MKDOU, selecting games and activities, developing child development tables.

We set the following goals and objectives:

1. Create conditions in MKDOU for the development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in pupils in accordance with SanPiN 2.4.1. 27 – 10.
2. Develop fine motor skills of fingers and hands, develop accuracy and coordination of hand and eye movements, hand flexibility, and rhythm.
3. Form graphic skills, prepare the child’s hand for mastering writing
4. Improve the ability to act according to verbal instructions, matching the individual pace of execution, the ability to independently continue to complete the assigned task, control over one’s own actions

5. Interaction with the music director, teacher - speech therapist.

6. Increasing the competence of parents in the development of fine motor skills in a child through the following forms of interaction with the family:

* education of parents: conducting master classes, seminars;

* informing parents: individual and group consultations, creating reminders, designing information stands;

* joint activities: visit various events in a preschool educational institution, making attributes for the “Magic Fingers” center.

We organize our work in accordance with principles:

1. Integrative principle- relationship with various types of activities.
2. Principle of cooperation- relationship between child and teacher.
   1. The principle of an individual approach to children– the development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements is carried out through a differentiated approach to each child, based on knowledge of the characteristics of his development.
   2. The principle of systematicity and consistency- such an order of studying material where new knowledge is based on previously acquired knowledge.
   3. Accessibility principle- learning is effective when it is feasible and accessible to problem-based learning for children.
   4. The principle of problem-based learning- children, in the process of games, leisure, and organized activities, acquire new knowledge themselves, resulting in a more solid assimilation of knowledge and consolidation of skills.
   5. The principle of teacher competence- the teacher must have clear knowledge on this issue in order to pass it on to children.
   6. The principle of game presentation of material- in our work we rely on the leading type of activity - play.

To maintain children's interest in everything new, we use the following innovative technologies: a personality-oriented approach to children, a personality-based approach (action-oriented, technology of didactic tasks), an integrated system, health-saving technologies, gaming methods and techniques.

MKDOU carries out educational process according to the approximate basic general education program preschool education“From birth to school” edited by N. E. Veraks, T. S. Komaroya, M. A. Vasilyeva.

To successfully implement all tasks for the development of fine motor skills, the group is equipped with the “Magic Fingers” center, which has:

*didactic wall panel (made by teachers): “What time of year?” on which there are buttons, buttons and also a tree covered with fleece, made of cardboard and thread glued on it;

*didactic wall rugs “Funny Buttons” and “Funny Laces”

(made together with parents from cardboard and colored fabric) with laces, braids, buttons, zippers, Velcro, buttons, hooks;

* floor didactic panel “Flower” (made by teachers). Attributes: clasps, laces, ribbons, buttons, zippers, Velcro, buttons;

*didactic wall “Home Yard” (on the wall there are painted pictures of poultry and animals made of cardboard with Velcro cubs)

* selected games and manuals for stringing beads, rings, various small items,

* diagrams - pictures for laying out small geometric figures, cereals, sticks;

*frames – inserts;

*plastic pyramids of various sizes, colored “Tower”, “Bear Cub”, “Duckling”;

*selected small toys for games in the hospital, store, canteen, etc.;

*selected games with clothespins “Hedgehog”, “Sunny”, “Fish”, “Cactus”, “Comb”,

“Brush”, “Anchor”, “Mill”, “Spinner”, etc.;

* toy "Tartilla Turtle" with locks, laces, buttons, bows

* glove dolls made of fabric, knitted from threads;

*small colored mosaic, large mosaic “Rainbow”;

*table wooden theater “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”, “Ryaba Hen”, etc.;

*knitted finger theater: “Teremok”, “The Fox and the Hare”, “The Three Little Pigs”, “Three Bears”,

"Turnip";

*puppet theater (knitted) "Turnip", "The Three Little Pigs", "Ryaba Hen"

*large cubes (wooden, plastic), small cubes (wooden, plastic);

*fabric cubes “What is this?” and "Who is this?";

*board game "Wonderful laces", "Colored laces";

*small colored figures on a magnet;

*counting sticks (multi-colored);

*game "Collect beads" (wooden), game "Collect beads" (plastic);

*small cardboard puzzles “Thumbelina”, “Cinderella”, “Water World”;

*large cardboard puzzles “Transport”, “Assemble a fairy tale”

*plastic puzzles;

*coloring books “Fun tasks”, “Transport”, “ Houseplants"etc.;

*books with tasks “Complete the drawing”, “Circle”;

*wooden small construction set “Transport”, “Farm”, “Zoo”;

*large wooden construction set “Turret”;

*metal construction set “Trowel”;

*colored hair ribbons;

*handouts for GCD;

*didactic rug “Follow the rules” traffic» with small objects

(cars, signs, houses, trees, people);

*pencil cases made of colored matches;

*finger games and exercises of various types have been selected and compiled into the didactic folder “Playing with Fingers”: story-based finger games, finger exercises in combination with self-massage of the hands and fingers, in combination with sound gymnastics, manipulation games.

* selected waste material: wire, coils, sand, stones, branches, cones, threads, cereals, seeds, etc.;

*plasticine, pencils, felt-tip pens, crayons, coloring books, stencils for tracing and shading for independent activities;

The speech therapy room has sensory-motor and play centers.

Here they really meet a fairy tale. Planar silhouettes of a birch tree, a pond, a meadow and flowers, butterflies, knitted from bright threads help children create compositions and at the same time develop finger motor skills.

We are building our work together with parents who live in Tarko-Sale and have the opportunity to attend preschool educational institutions

Interaction with family.

	Familiarizing parents with tasks on the topic “Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child.”	*open days; *individual and group consultations; * parent meeting; * organization of exhibitions children's creativity; * invitation to leisure activities; games; * creation of memos, newspapers, folders - movements: *design of information stands: “We create”, “It’s good in our kindergarten.”
	Parents' education	* holding a seminar on the topic: “The importance of the development of fine motor skills for preschool children.” * conducting master classes on the topic: “What can magic fingers do?”, “How to make a finger theater?”, *creation of a toy library for parents.
	Joint activities	*creating a subject-based development environment: together with children, making attributes for the “Magic Fingers” center, role-playing games (cakes from ribbons, salt dough, thermometers, etc.); *participation in theatrical performances.

To achieve the greatest results, we work systematically throughout the day in developing children’s fine motor skills. Games are also used during directly organized activities in all educational fields and in the independent activities of children.

No.	Educational area	Events
	"Physical culture"	*games and exercises with small balls, small cubes, construction sets, modules, ribbons, *finger games; * self-massage.
	"Health"	*games with massage balls, bags (with sand, with seeds, with cereals), games with ribbons, games with small objects according to the theme, games with corks, with reels, with wire; *physical training sessions with small objects.
	"Safety"	*finger games on the topic of safety; * games with small various types of construction sets, mosaics, drawing with paints, pencils, crayons, making crafts from plasticine (city, transport, traffic lights, special vehicles - “01”, “02”, “03”, boats, bicycles, etc. for use when talking about safety; *using the tearing technique to lay out a pedestrian crossing from finely torn white and black paper; * physical education sessions, finger games based on the topic of safety.
	"Socialization"	*finger games “Family”, “Dad, Mom and Me”, etc.; *wooden, shadow, finger, glove, knitted theaters; * outdoor games and exercises with small cubes, balls, rings, etc.; * games with small various types of construction sets, mosaics, drawing with paints, pencils, crayons, making crafts from plasticine (family members, objects for different professions, mobile and didactic games etc.); *games with counting sticks and small geometric figures (laying out family members, vehicles, streets, etc.); *making attributes for role-playing games (techniques for working with fabrics, threads, needles, scissors, buttons, ribbons, tearing paper, etc.); *physical education lessons, finger games about family, professions, work, games, etc.;
		* games with small constructors, games with small objects based on the theme, *preparing crumbs for birds; *twig weaving, straw weaving, handicrafts, weaving, appliqués from patches; * repair doll furniture, actions with a hammer, making souvenirs, gluing boxes, making garlands from paper, foil, fabric toys, wood painting, wood carving, making bouquets; *labor in nature (collecting cones, twigs, stones, leaves, seeds, etc.); *household and household work (repairing small items, books); * finger games.
	"Cognition"	*work with handouts (wooden and plastic multi-colored chips, small nesting dolls, mushrooms, balls, etc.); *FEMP – used for counting small items, cereals (rice, buckwheat, millet); *models geometric shapes; *instructions “How many pencils did you bring”, “Bring as many balls as there are children,” etc. *production of buildings from construction materials (wood, metal, plastic), paper, natural and waste materials; *games with sand, buttons, cones, etc.; *exercises “Arrange the figures”, “How many bunnies”; *finger games “One, two, three, four, five...”, “We shared an orange”; *laying out patterns from small geometric shapes, playing with counting sticks; *physical education sessions using short ribbons and small objects; *finger games.
	"Communication"	* laying out letters from seeds, counting sticks; *games with small objects, toys to practice sound; *games with object pictures for certain sounds; *finger theater (knitted, sewn from fabric, plastic), *game “Circle the letter”, game “Lay out the cards with sounds”; *exercise “Trace with your finger”; *cutting out of colored paper along the contour, drawing with paints, pencils, modeling from clay, plasticine; *finger games “Wasp”, “Bee”, “Steam Locomotive”, “Cow Calling Her Calf”, “How the Airplane Hurts” *physical training sessions with small objects.
	"Reading fiction"	*games with puzzles, mosaics, counting sticks (according to the plot); *modeling (plasticine, clay), drawing (pencils, felt-tip pens, paints), appliqué of characters, according to the plot; *exercise “Complete the character”, “Circle the hero of the fairy tale”; *crafts of characters from natural materials; *cutting silhouettes from colored paper, cardboard; foil; *physical training sessions using the attributes of the glove theater; *finger games “We sat on the golden porch...”
	"Artistic creativity"	Drawing with fingers (paints, gouache), crayons, fingers on flour, on sand; *paper applique, paper origami; *crafts made from natural materials; *cutting out fairy tale characters, laying out polka dots along the drawn outline; *laying out the outline of a fairy tale hero with colored woolen thread; *working with wire; *physical education sessions using character masks; *decoration of patterns, applique from patches; *crafts made from foil; *use of sculpting techniques according to age; *finger games “We guys are great…”
	"Music"	*finger theater (knitted, rag, paper); *finger games; *playing musical instruments, playing with paper, foil, plumes, and a ball of paper; * physical education sessions with small objects; *dancing, games with ribbons, bells; *games with noise instruments.

Everyone knows that finger games and exercises develop coordination of finger movements, activate children’s brain function, and promote speech development. We studied and mastered finger games ourselves, systematizing them by type. We help children explore the “Land of Finger Games” through individual, pair and group exercises and finger games.

Finger games

Types of games	Name and content of games and exercises	Tasks
Games - manipulations	For example: « "Okay - okay" "Magpie - white-sided" - Make circular movements with your index finger. « Thumb - boy, where have you been? "We shared an orange" « This little finger wants to sleep”, “Fingers went for a walk” - bend each finger one by one. For children of senior preschool age. “Mushrooms” - we connect our fingertips and depict a mushroom cap.) "Vegetables", "Seasons"	Development of imagination, fine motor skills of fingers.
Subject finger exercises	For example: « Fingers say hello"- the fingertips touch the thumb. “A flower is blooming,” - fingers “appear” one by one from a clenched fist. « Rake"- palms facing yourself, fingers intertwined. " Christmas tree- palms away from you, fingers in a “lock”.	Learn to depict objects of transport and furniture, wild and domestic animals, birds and insects. trees.
Finger kinesiological exercises	For example: « Ring"- alternately move your fingers, connecting the index, middle, ring and little fingers in a ring with the thumb. " Fist - edge - palm"- consistently change three positions: palm clenched into a fist, palm with an edge on the plane of the table, palm on the plane of the table (first with the right hand, then with the left, then with both hands together). " Ear - nose" - Take the tip of your nose with your left hand, and the opposite ear with your right hand, then simultaneously lower your hands and change their position. "Horizontal Eight" - draw the number eight in the air in a horizontal plane three times - first with one hand, then with the other, then with both hands. "Symmetrical drawings" - draw mirror-symmetrical designs in the air with both hands (it’s better to start with a round object: apple, watermelon, etc.	Development of attention and fine motor skills of the fingers.
Finger exercises combined with sound gymnastics	For example: « Wasp", "How a mother calls a calf", “How a steam locomotive and an airplane hum”	Improving the pronunciation of sounds
Finger exercises combined with self-massage of the hands and fingers.	For example: "Let's wash our hands under hot water" - movements as when washing hands “We put on gloves” - Rub each finger of your left hand with the thumb and index finger of your right hand. Starting with the little finger, from top to bottom. Finally, rub your palm . "Pickling cabbage" - movements of the edge of the palm of the right hand against the palm of the left hand6 tapping, sawing. Movement of both hands: imitation of sprinkling salt, clenching fingers into a fist "Let's warm our hands" - movements like rubbing hands . "Hammer"- use the phalanges of the fingers of the right hand clenched into a fist to “hammer” nails. Geese are nibbling grass" - the fingers of the right hand pinch the hand of the left.	Expand your understanding of traditional massage movements - kneading, pressing, pinching (from the periphery to the center).
Theater in hand	For example: " Butterfly“- clench your fingers into a fist and alternately straighten the little finger, ring and middle fingers, and connect the thumb and index into a ring. "Fairy Tale", "Fish" - the left and right hands depict the smooth movements of fish. ""Octopuses"- the right hand carefully and one by one moves its tentacles - the fingers travel along the seabed. An octopus is moving towards - left hand. They saw each other, froze, and then began to explore the seabed together.	Develops attention and memory, relieves psycho-emotional stress.

I would like to tell you about our children’s favorite activities.

Didactic panel “What time of year?” (made by teachers) we use during GCD, individual work. By playing with their fingers on the panel, children develop an understanding of the seasons, their signs, learn to find them on their own, develop curiosity, compare, and share their impressions.

For example, during a conversation with children, we suggest recalling previously studied nursery rhymes, poems or chants about the sun. Children independently place a sun knitted from yellow thread at the top left or right of the panel using a loop and button. At the bottom of the panel with buttons there is a stream made of foil and cardboard. While reading a poem about a snowdrop, the kids run to attach a snowdrop made from beads to the panel. Then we talk about how the leaves will soon bloom, the birds will fly in, and the children will hang them on the tree located on the panel accordingly. We use game exercises “What is missing?”, “What has changed?”. The children answer that winter has passed, and the sun has become brighter, the snow has begun to melt, and the birds have flown in. A game moment brings life to life: one child places several birds on tree branches, and other children turn away, and then, turning around, guess what has changed and how many birds have arrived? etc.

Children love the play panel and very often use it for games during independent activities.

The didactic toy "Turtle" made by teachers is used to conduct exercises for the development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements with children of different ages, with content and methodological techniques complicated as necessary. This toy forms didactics of learning and promotes the development of: sensory education child, orientation in space.

When a child comes to kindergarten, it is sometimes difficult for him to bear separation from his mother. And here everyone’s favorite funny turtle toy “Tartilla” comes to the aid of us and the children. Revitalization is brought game moments, we invite children to lie on the turtle, stroke it, pinch it, or ask them to help the doll Masha find the toy that she lost: “The turtle hid a toy for Masha, we need to find it, who will help?” Children happily begin to unfasten the buttons, clasps on the turtle’s pockets, untie the laces, and begin to look for the toy Car.

The game exercises “Which leg is the lock on?” can increase interest; children answer: “On the right.” What color does the turtle like buttons and laces?”, answers “Blue, red, yellow, green”, etc.

The turtle wants the children to answer her: “How many red, round buttons are there on the hat?” and “Who can tie a beautiful bow?” The children try, work with their fingers, and at the same time they say: “And my mother also has such buttons,” “And my mother braids my hair and ties bows.” And the conversation is with a toy - a turtle. We, educators, encourage children to recall various facts from life. This is a great scope for the development of imagination and independence.

We also use didactic wall mats “Funny Buttons” and “Funny Laces” (made by teachers and parents from cardboard and colored fabric) with laces, braids, buttons, zippers, Velcro, buttons, hooks, various geometric shapes (triangles, squares, circles, ovals) from pieces of colored fabric, and all kinds of silhouettes (Christmas trees, bunnies, shoes, etc.). That is, we teach children to examine and analyze the shape of objects. In older children, we develop intelligence, teach the ability to modify, for example, geometric shapes, making quadrangles from several triangles, and a full circle from parts of a circle. Children arrange all this using loops and buttons, as well as hooks and Velcro. If the child doesn’t succeed, we support his interest with the words: “It didn’t work out - think about how you can do it differently.” When conducting exercises, we constantly monitor the accuracy of the actions, teaching children to correctly use words and expressions in speech. At the end of the game we ask questions to summarize the knowledge. For example, “How many Christmas trees are there on a red square?”, “How many circles do you need to make a snowman?”, “Why”?

The games we offer with clothespins develop fine motor skills and imagination.

For example, we offer the game “Fish”. To interest and activate children, we start the game with a surprise moment. Showing cardboard oval shape, and ask a riddle (about a fish). Also offered

“Wonderful bag” with interesting contents. There's something interesting in a tied bag. We invite children to touch the bag with their fingers, feel it and guess what is in it. We lay out fish blanks cut out of cardboard and clothespins of different sizes and colors. They have mouths and eyes drawn on them, but no tail or fins. We invite children to choose clothespins that match the color and add a tail and fins to each fish; in the exercise “Select all the red clothespins,” we encourage them to use the words “many,” “one at a time,” “one at a time.” We draw the attention of children to the fact that clothespins must be taken with the right hand and fastened in order in the direction from left to right.

Children with great pleasure play.

A skillfully selected subject-based developmental environment, regular activities for the development of fine motor skills, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child, improved not only dexterity, coherence and accuracy of finger movements, but also improved attention, memory, and developed patience and perseverance. Children's creative abilities began to develop, their imagination and fantasy were awakened, for example, to build buildings from construction sets, cubes, Legos, and mosaics. Children have mastered gaming skills, drawing, cutting, sculpting techniques, use them in free activities, depict familiar objects, toys, animals, etc. Children reproduce the learned games and exercises on their own initiative in independent games. As children develop and grow, their fingers have become more dexterous, more persistent and playful; they now act consciously, and are increasingly approaching their cherished goal. We, teachers, managed to make children friends with wonderful toys - hands and fingers. We are sure now they Friends for the rest of my life.

We will not stop there. Activity

Shevtsova Svetlana Alexandrovna
Job title: teacher
Educational institution: MBDOUDSKV No. 22
Locality: Yeisk city, Krasnodar region
Name of material: article
Subject:"Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in children of primary preschool age."
Publication date: 22.02.2017
Chapter: preschool education

Topic: “Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in

children of primary preschool age."

“A child’s mind is in his fingers”

The child constantly studies and comprehends the world around him. Main method of accumulation

information - touch. Children need to grab, touch, stroke and

taste! If adults try to support this desire by offering

various toys for the baby (soft, hard, rough, smooth, cold, etc.),

rags, objects for research, he receives the necessary incentive for development.

It has been proven that a child’s speech and his sensory (“touching”) experience are interconnected. If

the movement of the fingers corresponds to age, then speech development is within the limits

norms; if the movement of the fingers lags behind, then speech development is also delayed, although the overall

motor skills may be normal or even higher than normal. Speech is improving

under the influence of kinetic impulses from the hands, more precisely, from the fingers. Therefore, if you

If you want your child to speak well, develop his hands!

Movements of the fingers and hands have a developmental effect. On the palm and on

There are about 1000 important, biologically active points in the foot. By influencing them

you can regulate the functioning of the internal organs of the body. Yes, massaging

the little finger, you can activate the work of the heart, the ring finger - the liver, the middle finger -

intestines, index – stomach, thumb – head.

The influence of the hand on the human brain has been known since before our era.

Oriental medicine experts say that games involving hands and fingers

bring the body and mind into harmonious relationship, supporting the brain systems in

excellent condition.

You need to start working on developing fine motor skills from a very early age. Already

an infant's fingers can be massaged, thereby influencing the active

points associated with the cerebral cortex. In early and early preschool age

you need to do simple exercises accompanied by a poetic text, not

forget about developing basic self-care skills: buttoning and

unfasten buttons, tie shoelaces, etc. To interest the child and help

to master new information, he needs to turn learning into a game, not to retreat if

If the tasks seem difficult, do not forget to praise the child. We present to your attention

games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills, which can be done both in

kindergarten and at home.

Finger gymnastics.

Finger gymnastics solves many problems in the development of a child:

Promotes mastery of fine motor skills;

Helps develop speech;

Increases brain performance;

Develops mental processes: attention, memory, thinking, imagination;

Develops tactile sensitivity;

Relieves anxiety.

Finger games are very emotional and exciting. This is a dramatization of some

rhyming stories, fairy tales using hands.

Children enjoy taking part in nursery rhyme games. The most famous option

Such a game is “Soroka-Soroka”, but there are also more difficult ones to pronounce and show.

Let's try to play such games with you (together with parents

game training).

My family

This finger is mommy

This finger is daddy

This finger is grandma

This finger is grandpa

This finger is me.

That's my whole family!

(alternately massage the fingers, on the last line we squeeze and unclench

What's that squeak? (clench and unclench fists)

What's that crunch? (interlace fingers)

What kind of bush is this? (palms with fingers spread out in front of you)

How can there be no crunch?

What if I'm a cabbage? (fingers are bent, representing a head of cabbage).

We chop the cabbage, chop it... (edge ​​of palm)

We three, three carrots (we rub our fists against each other)

We salt the cabbage, salt it... (in pinches)

We press and press cabbage. (clench and unclench our fists)

The development of the hand and fingers is promoted not only by finger exercises, but also

various actions with objects. I offer you a number of games with such items.

Games with buttons

Choose buttons of different sizes and colors. Try posting a drawing at home

You can ask your child to make the same one. After the child learns

complete the task, invite him to come up with his own versions of the drawings. From button

mosaics you can lay out a flower, a tumbler, a snowman, a butterfly, balls, beads, etc.

Buttons can also be strung on a thread to make beads.

Games with bulk materials

1. Pour peas or beans into a container. The child puts his hands there and depicts how

knead the dough, saying:

"Knead, knead the dough,

There is room in the oven.

They will be out of the oven

Buns and rolls." Or:

“We kneaded the dough,

We kneaded the dough

They asked us to knead everything thoroughly,

But no matter how much we knead

And no matter how much we think,

We take out the lumps again and again.

2. Pour dry peas into a mug. Place peas on each stressed syllable

one into another mug. First with one hand, then with both hands at the same time,

alternately thumb and middle finger, thumb and ring finger, thumb and

little finger. You can choose any quatrains, for example:

“The legs began to walk: top, top, top,

Straight along the path: stomp-tomp-tomp.

Come on, more fun: stomp, stomp, stomp,

This is how we do it: top-top-top.”

3. Pour peas onto a saucer. Using your thumb and forefinger, take a pea and

hold it with the rest of your fingers (as when picking berries), then take the next one

a pea, then another and another - so we collect a whole handful. You can do this alone or

with both hands.

4. Drawing by grain. On a bright tray, spread a thin, even layer of fine

cereal Run your child's finger over the rump. You will get a bright contrasting line.

Let your child draw a few chaotic lines himself. Then try

together draw some objects (fence, rain, waves, letters, etc.).

5. Place peas and beans in the “dry pool”. The child puts his hand into it and tries

by touch determine and remove only peas or only beans.

Games with bottle caps

We place two caps from plastic bottles on the table with the threads facing up. These are “skis”.

The index and middle fingers stand in them like feet. We move on “skis”, doing

step for each stressed syllable:

“We are skiing, we are rushing down the mountain,

We love the fun of cold winter."

You can try to do the same with both hands at the same time.

If you drill the plugs in the middle, you can also use them for stringing beads.

Games with clothespins

1. Using a clothespin, we alternately “bite” the nail phalanges (from index to

little finger and back) to the stressed syllables of the verse:

“The silly kitten bites hard,

He thinks it's not a finger, but a mouse. (Change hands.)

But I'm playing with you, baby,

And if you bite, I’ll tell you: “Shoo!”

2. Imagine with your child that clothespins are small fish, and a circle or

a square made of cardboard is a feeder. Well, the baby needs to help the fish

dine, that is, attach them around the perimeter of the figure. Very interesting for children

“attach needles” to a hedgehog cut out of cardboard, etc.

3. And, of course, hanging handkerchiefs after washing and securing them

clothespins. This is a simple task even for a child who has played with

using clothespins may not be so simple.

You can accompany the work by reciting the rhyme:

“I’ll pin the clothespins deftly

I’m on my mother’s rope.”

Games with tweezers and pipette.

These games can keep your child busy for a long time. What is for us adults

seems so simple and uninteresting, captivates the child and, at the same time, develops him

motor skills

Games with beads and pasta

Various stringing exercises are excellent for developing the hand. You can string anything

strings: buttons, beads, horns and pasta, dryers, etc.

Beads can be sorted by size, color, shape.

Games - lacing

You can use both factory-made and hand-made ones.

(Various lacings are presented at the exhibition). Such games develop

spatial orientation, attention, form lacing skills, develop

creative abilities, contribute to the development of eye accuracy, consistency

actions. Cord embroidery is the first step to needle embroidery.

Application

Applications are available from a very early age. If the child is still small and you

If you're afraid to give him scissors, let him tear pictures from a magazine or newspaper with his hands - like

it will work out; and you will paste the torn pieces onto a blank piece of paper, giving them

any form. It can make a meaningful collage. From 3 years (sometimes earlier)

you can learn to cut with scissors, the main thing is that they are safe, with

rounded ends. To begin with, it is more convenient to cut out geometric shapes and figures

from the same colored magazines, and with an adhesive pencil, fix them on a sheet. Game on

cutting out patterns from several times folded pieces of paper has an undeniable

advantage. No matter how clumsily the child cuts, the result will still be a pattern, remotely

resembling a snowflake or star.

Working with plasticine

You can start sculpting from plasticine as early as 2 years old, the main thing is to choose affordable ones.

assignments and don’t forget to wash your hands. We make sausages, rings, balls; we cut

plasticine sausage with a plastic knife into many small pieces, and then

we put together the pieces again. From each small piece we make a cake or a coin.

You can press a real coin on our cake to get an imprint.

Pieces of plasticine

Our Zina rides,

Balls, sausages,

And fairy tales come to life

The fingers are trying

They mold and develop.

If plasticine scares you for some reason, make some salty food for your baby.

dough. The game will be fun regardless of the outcome. Here is the recipe: flour - salt -

water - sunflower oil. Flour and salt are taken in equal quantities, and water in one third

less (for example, for a glass of flour, a glass of salt, 2/3 glass of water, a tablespoon of butter).

Stir and knead. If it doesn't stick well, add water. The dough can be stored for a long time

in the refrigerator in a plastic bag. So that the sculpted figures become solid,

bake them in the oven, the longer the better. Hardened figures can be

paint with paints. Whenever you make real dough, give a piece

give it to the baby too.

Such games promote the development of fine motor skills, sensation processes,

Relaxes the child and relieves emotional stress.

Drawing

Drawing is one of the most favorite activities of all children. The more often a child holds

a brush, pencil or felt-tip pen in his hands, the easier it will be for him to write the first

letters and words. Offer children a variety of tasks: using books -

coloring books, finger painting on the bathroom wall using regular paints,

finishing drawings, shading, games - tracing. You can circle everything that comes to hand:

the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a spoon, etc. Particularly suitable

For this purpose, molds for preparing cookies or muffins. There are many

factory games - strokes.

If your child is extremely reluctant to draw with a brush, invite him to draw

fingers. You can draw with one, two, or all fingers at once:

each finger is dipped in paint of a certain color, and then placed on it in turn

paper. This is how you get fireworks or beads or something else. Nowadays they are offered in

stores special finger paints.

It is very unusual to paint with porous sponges, small rubber balls with

rough surface. Children enjoy using the so-called “signets”.

We really hope that we were able to convince you of the importance of hand development for a child.

preschool age and that through joint efforts we will help our children

train the hand, promote the development of higher mental functions, development

spatial orientations.

In order to interest the child and help him master new information,

you need to turn learning into a game, don’t back down if tasks seem difficult, don’t

forget to praise the baby.

Memo for parents

To develop fine motor skills, preschool children should be offered:

Exercises with a massage ball (from su-jok therapy), walnuts,

pencils, pens, felt-tip pens.

“Dance” with your fingers and clap your hands softly and loudly, at different tempos.

Use with your children various types of mosaics, construction sets (iron,

wooden, plastic), games with small parts, counting sticks.

Organize games with plasticine and dough.

Try the finger painting technique. You can add salt or

sand for a massage effect.

Use colored balls of thread for rewinding, different ropes

thickness and length for tying and untying.

Include a variety of natural materials in your games (sticks, twigs, pine cones,

shells, cobs, etc.).

Engage with your children in stringing beads, beads, teach them to unfasten and

fasten buttons, snaps, hooks, zippers.

Let the children shell peas and shell peanuts.

Run small tops with your fingers.

Fold the nesting doll and play with different inserts.

Cut with scissors.

Dear Parents!

Evoke positive emotions in your child!

Use words and phrases that convey an optimistic connotation, for example: “How

interesting!”, “Wow, great!”, “Let me help!”, “Beauty!” etc.

Remember, no matter what you create with your child, the main thing is the desire to continue

good mood for both the baby and yours.

Consultation for educators:

"Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in children of primary preschool age."

The development of fine motor skills of the hand is the most important task in raising children of primary preschool age. Training the movements of the fingers and the entire hand is one of the factors that stimulates the development of the child.

Researchers studying in preschool age, they noted that children doing hand exercises helped them master correct speech. To the famous teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky owns the saying: “A child’s mind is at his fingertips.”

Currently, the full development of children from preschool age is becoming an urgent problem. Developed fine motor skills play an important role in the success of a child’s intellectual and psychophysical development. Fine motor skills are a set of coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems, often in combination with the visual system in performing small and precise movements of the hands and fingers and toes.

Fine motor skills of the hands develop interest and cognitive abilities of the child; it is considered an interesting and useful activity for identifying future abilities inner world child. Activities and games promote the development of fine motor skills and hand coordination, stimulate visual and auditory perception, attention, memory, coherent speech and vocabulary. In preschool age, the main activity is play. A child gains significant experience through play. From his play experience, the child draws ideas that he associates with the word. A good remedy Games and exercises for fine motor skills are used to stimulate speech. It has been proven that even such simple exercises as “Ladushki”, “White-sided Magpie”, “Horned Goat” and others are not just entertainment for kids. Each finger of the hand has an extensive representation in the cerebral cortex, which means that more time needs to be devoted to the development of fine motor skills: stringing beads, drawing, modeling, appliqué.

The child constantly studies and comprehends the world around him. You need to start working on developing fine motor skills from a very early age. Already an infant can massage his fingers, thereby influencing the active points associated with the cerebral cortex. In early and early preschool age, you need to perform simple exercises, accompanied by a poetic text, and do not forget about developing basic self-care skills: buttoning and unbuttoning buttons, tying shoelaces, etc.

Scientists have proven that motor impulses from the fingers influence the formation of “speech” zones and have a positive effect on the child’s cerebral cortex. Various hand actions and finger games stimulate the process of speech and mental development child.The better developed a baby’s fingers are, the easier it will be for him to master speech.

Movement of fingers and hands have a special developmental significance, since theyhave a huge impact on the development of speech and all higher nervous activity of the child. And speech is one of the most powerful factors and stimuli for the development of a child as a whole. This is due to the exceptional role of speech in human life. With its help, they express thoughts and desires, convey their life experiences, and coordinate actions. Speech is the main means of communication between people, at the same time a necessary basis for thinking and its instrument. The development of speech has a great influence on the formation of personality, volitional qualities, character, and views.

From a very early age, children's fingers can be developed with the help of a light massage, thereby influencing the speech zones. For children of primary preschool age, the simplest exercises, which are often in poetic form, can contribute to the development of fine motor skills. In addition to exercise, developing dexterity in children younger age may occur as they learn self-care skills. Finger games were also used in special moments.

In the process of communication between the teacher and children during regime moments, children develop the appropriate skills: (wash their hands with soap, take off and hang up a towel, hold a spoon and fork correctly, unbutton and fasten sandals, large buttons and buttons) and a favorable basis is created for the formation of vocabulary , grammatically correct speech, dialogue, children mastering polite forms of communication.)

There are a huge number of games and exercises that develop small muscles. I will name those that I use in my practice. They can be divided into several groups: games for the development of tactile perception, games with water and sand, folk finger games, exercises with objects, laying out games, stringing games, games with construction sets, etc. To develop fine motor skills, you can use different games and exercises.

Finger games and exercises - This is a dramatization of any rhymed stories or fairy tales using your fingers.

By performing various exercises with his fingers, the child achieves good development of fine motor skills of the hands, which not only affects beneficial influence on the development of speech (since this inductively excites the speech centers of the brain), but also prepares the child for drawing, and later for writing. The hands acquire good mobility and flexibility, and the stiffness of movements disappears.
Finger games are a unique means for developing a child’s fine motor skills and speech in their unity and interconnection.

Learning texts using finger exercises stimulates speech development. Finger gymnastics solves many problems in the development of a child:

Promotes mastery of fine motor skills;

Helps develop speech;

Increases brain performance;

Develops mental processes: attention, memory, thinking, imagination;

Develops tactile sensitivity;

Relieves anxiety.

The child remembers poetic texts better; his speech becomes more expressive.

"Spider"

The spider walked along the branch (arms crossed, fingers of each hand “running”
And the children followed him. (along the forearm and then along the shoulder of the other arm)
The rain suddenly fell from the sky, (brushes are freely lowered, we shake off
The spiders were washed to the ground. movements; clap your palms on the table/knees)
The sun began to warm up, (palms pressed to the sides,
The spider is crawling again, fingers are spread out, we shake our hands.)
And all the kids crawl behind him (the actions are similar to the original ones.)
To walk along the branch. (“spiders” crawl on your head.

"Orange"

We shared an orange.
There are many of us
And he is alone.
Children clench and unclench the fingers of both hands into fists.
This slice is for the hedgehog.
This slice is for the swift.
This slice is for ducklings.
This slice is for kittens.
This slice is for the beaver
Bend your fingers one by one, starting with the thumb.
And for the wolf - the peel.
Clench the fingers of both hands into fists
He is angry with us - trouble; (they shake a finger)
Run away - who goes where!
They sharply unclench their fingers clenched into fists.

"COOK COMPOTE" We will cook compote,
You need a lot of fruit. Here:
(the left palm is held with a “bucket”, and the index finger of the right hand is “interfering”)
Let's chop apples
We will chop the pear.
Squeeze the lemon juice
(bend fingers one at a time, starting with the big toe)
We'll put in some drainage and sand.
We cook, we cook compote.
Let's treat honest people.
(again “cook” and “stir”)

A variety of subject-based activities, which also contribute to the development of fine motor skills, have also proven themselves very well. To get the greatest effect during classes, you need to combine finger gymnastics with the following activities:
– fastening and unfastening buttons (a special set for classes can be bought in the store);
– all kinds of lacing;
– stringing rings onto braid;
– games with mosaics;
– sorting the mosaic into cells;
– games with a constructor;
– sorting through cereals and grains (for example, separating beans from peas).

Development of speech skills in the process of developing cognitive interests in young children directly through interaction with objects.

IN sensory development and in the formation of elementary mathematical concepts, actions with three-dimensional and planar objects, of different textures and shapes, of different sizes and colors, develop fine motor skills, which contribute to the enrichment of direct sensory experience, the formation of the ability to name the properties of objects, the development of thinking and attention.

In cognitive, research and productive (constructive) activities (with water, sand, snow, different types designer) children develop motor skills, as a result of which their vocabulary is enriched, monologue speech and imagination develop.

Finger games and exercises not only improve dexterity and precision of movements, but also improve attention, memory, help learn patience, and develop perseverance. This is an excellent incentive for the development of children's creative abilities, awakening imagination and imagination. Fine motor skills activities will have a beneficial effect on the overall development of the child and will help him become more independent and self-confident.

Olga Akimova
Development of fine motor skills of children's hands and coordination of movements

“Sources of abilities and gifts children- at their fingertips"

(V. A. Sukhomlinsky)

“The hand is the human brain coming out” (N. Kant)

The direction of my work is the formation and improvement of children motor skills and skills in manipulating various objects. I noticed that children difficulties arise in development spatial orientations on a sheet of paper and in the surrounding space, so I began to pay great attention to this aspect. I set myself the following tasks: teach children hold the pencil correctly; form visual motor coordination; develop coordination of large movements and the ability to control your body; improve motor skills and abilities, develop thinking, memory, attention, concentration, visual and auditory perception. In my work I use the method of development of fine motor skills and graphic skills of G. V. Bezzubtseva; S. O. Filippova’s method of preparing preschoolers for learning to write; methodology development of fine motor skills and coordination of movements in children Gavrina S.. E.; methodology development of fine motor skills, eye and coordination of movements T. A. Vorobyova, T. V. Guzenko.

I implement the practical application of theoretical material in classes with children using appliqué, drawing with various techniques (pencils, brushes, fingers, stamps, poking, plasticine, using stencils, design, physical exercises and finger gymnastics; I teach children master shading, I offer layouts for lacing, for making patterns with thread on nails (graphics, games for development of sensorimotor skills and coordination of movements("Rainbow Beads", "Do the same", "Do it yourself", “Determine by touch”, games for designing on flannelgraph ( "Make a bouquet", "Young Architect", games with tweezers to form and consolidate the tweezer grip of the fingers ( "Mosaic", "Sort by colors", "Cinderella"). Children enjoy playing tabletop, finger theatre, shadow theatre, games with buttons, cereals, clothespins.

We all know how important development of fine motor skills for children. Hand development, brushes, manual skills is one of the indicators and conditions of good physical and neuropsychic child development. At all stages of a child's life movement hands are played vital role. It is believed that the most favorable period for development intellectual and creative capabilities of a person - from 2 to 9 years. It is at this age that it is necessary develop memory, perception, thinking, attention. Level of formation fine motor skills determines the success of child development nkom:

Fine skills;

Musical and performing skills;

Constructive skills;

Labor skills;

Mastering your native language;

development initial writing skills.

In preschool age it is fine motor skills reflect that, How child develops, testifies about his intellectual abilities. Children with bad developed manual motor skills They awkwardly hold a spoon or a pencil; they cannot fasten buttons or lace up their shoes. It can be difficult for them to collect scattered parts of the construction set, work with puzzles, counting sticks, and mosaics. They often give up modeling and appliqué, which children love, because they cannot keep up with other children in class. Thus, the possibilities for children to explore the world are impoverished. Children often feel insecure in basic activities available to their peers. This affects the child’s emotional well-being and self-esteem. Over time the level development creates school difficulties.

I would also like to note that in preschool age work on development of fine motor skills and coordination of movements hands become an important part development of children's speech, developing self-care skills and preparing for writing. How deftly a child learns to control his fingers will determine his future development, and along with development of fine motor skills, memory development, attention and vocabulary.

Movement fingers and hands has a special stimulating effect. Back in the 2nd century BC in China, it was known about the influence of manual actions on development human brain. The ancient Chinese claimed that exercises involving the hands and fingers harmonize the body and mind and have a positive effect on brain activity. Japanese acupuncture is another confirmation of this. In terms of saturation of acupuncture zones, the hand is not inferior to the ear and foot. Eastern doctors have found that massage thumb increases the functional activity of the brain, index finger - has a beneficial effect on the condition of the stomach; middle - on the intestines; nameless - for the liver and kidneys; little finger - on the heart.

In kindergarten, my children and I use Su-Jok therapy (a branch of oriental medicine where special attention is paid to the effects on active (acupuncture) points that are on the hands, using special massagers (he represents 2 parts: hedgehog ball with prickly needles and 2 rings for massaging each finger). By influencing reflex zones, you can transmit information to the entire body and treat the entire body, activating the body’s self-healing mechanisms. We also use various types of hand massage, including self-massage with a toothbrush, rubber balls and rings with different relief surfaces, a pencil with edges, walnuts, chestnuts, and pine cones.

A very important part of the work development of fine motor skills are finger gymnastics and playing games coordination of movements. Finger games are the staging of rhymed stories and fairy tales using the fingers. Many games require the participation of both hands, which allows children to navigate concepts "to the right", "left", "up" etc. The group has a large card index of such games; children themselves play out familiar plots, using visual clues in the cards. Thus, finger gymnastics and games on development of movement coordination not only has a positive effect on speech functions, but also on the child’s health, as a result develops:

Hand strength and dexterity;

Switchable from one view movements to another;

Attention;

The eye and visual memory;

Perseverance and accuracy;

Fantasy and imaginative thinking;

Preparing your hand for writing

Let me give you a few examples of exercises: developing fine motor skills and coordination of movements which I use in working with children and advise parents to do them at home with their children:

Stretching a ring of soft textile elastic alternately with the thumb and index finger, thumb and middle finger, thumb and ring finger, thumb and little finger.

Squeezing a soft rubber or foam ball with two fingers alternately; squeezing a foam ball between tense palms.

Drawing geometric shapes with both hands at the same time, complication – different shapes at the same time, for example, with the right – a square, with the left – a triangle, different directions of shading (right – vertical, left – horizontal).

Mixing water, cereal, wet sand with each finger alternately clockwise and counterclockwise in a container with a narrow neck (diameter 2-3 cm.) at still fixed hand, thereby limiting movement working hand.

Tapping rhythmic patterns by imitation with the fingertips of both hands. The adult points with one hand, and the child reproduces with both at the same time. First, only the index and middle fingers are used, then the ring fingers join them, and only then the thumbs and little fingers. On speech therapy classes You can pronounce syllables using the sounds you have practiced in the same rhythm.

Execution graphic dictations by cells (according to verbal instructions, or according to instructions given in the code system, for example, one blow with the right hand - 1 square to the right; one blow with the left hand - 1 square to the left; one blow with both hands - 1 square up; two blows with both hands - 1 square down).

V. M. Bekhterev proved in his works that simple movement hands help relieve mental fatigue, improve the pronunciation of many sounds, develop child's speech. And our ancestors probably guessed something like this. After all, well known to us "Okay" and the like folk games– nothing more than a healing and toning acupuncture massage. Only think about it: such simple manipulations with fingers, and how much benefit! Positive impact on internal organs, tonic, immunostimulating effect - that's it. Stimulation of mental functions and speech are two. Cheerful communication between a child and an adult, a charge of positive emotions - that’s three. I think this is quite enough for games and exercises with fingers and palms to confidently become part of the arsenal of fun.