Recommendations for parents with children with mental retardation (MDD). Methodological recommendations for parents of children with mental retardation Recommendations for parents of children with mental retardation to note
Delay mental development - This is a medical diagnosis, so only a specialist can determine it. If parents If you encounter similar difficulties, it is best to consult a pediatrician - psychoneurologist to clarify the cause of such problems.
Even before entering school parents may notice that their child is different from their own peers: he later began to sit, stand, and speak his first words. Even during the game, the child is impulsive, first he does, and then only begins to think. His activity in kindergarten classes is not always purposeful - it is difficult for him to concentrate on his activities, he does not understand where to start, how to continue, and is easily distracted. These features, and even more so their combination, may already turn out to be an alarming signal of trouble.
Children with mental retardation are often restless, inattentive, have difficulty understanding the terms of the proposed tasks. They exhibit low cognitive activity and are less inquisitive than their peers. It's like such a child "can't hear" or "doesn't see" much in the world around him, does not strive to understand, comprehend what is happening around him. This is due to the specific features of its mental activities - memorization, thinking, attention, emotional-volitional sphere. The basis of such features is most often a mild organic deficiency of those brain systems that are responsible for the child’s learning ability and the formation of complex forms of behavior.
Avoid overprotection, when everything is done for the child, including what he could do without much difficulty himself, considering him small. It is in simple types activities, basic self-care and self-control skills are developing such important qualities as self-confidence, sense of responsibility, independence. Of course, control is necessary, but it must be organized not "over", A "near".
Don't exaggerate your demands. Overload, especially intellectual, entails not only a decrease in performance and inhibition in understanding the situation, but can also manifest itself as aggression, behavioral breakdowns, and sudden mood swings. Excessive requirements parents are brought to whom that, when taking on a task that is beyond his strength, the child cannot complete it, begins to get nervous, and loses faith in his own abilities.
Develop skills gradually, starting with the simplest ones - those that the baby already possesses, and ending with the complex ones. Drawing, modeling, appliqué - all these activities help develop coordination, concentration, attention.
Pay careful attention to the organization of work and rest of the child in order to maintain working capacity and not cause harm to health.
Help your child learn and understand the world around us by using communication: interesting and fascinating stories from adults, and then you can ask questions about what new the child has learned.
Cognitive activity and the desire for mental work should be formed on material that is easy, accessible and interesting for the child.
Physical development. Physical exercise improves metabolism, blood circulation, breathing, tones the activity of the central and peripheral parts of the nervous system, and has a positive effect on the condition of the musculoskeletal system. All this helps to improve the general condition of the child’s body, increase his mental and physical performance, and increase the compensatory capabilities of the central nervous system. Such activation of the activity of the whole organism and, first of all, the central nervous system is an important condition for successful learning and overcoming shortcomings children with mental retardation.
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Methodological recommendations for educators working with children with mental retardation 1. A teacher working in a compensatory group for children with mental retardation must take into account psychophysical and speech characteristics.
Methodological recommendations for the use of didactic games in working with children with mental retardation. 1. It is recommended to use as widely as possible didactic games in frontal correctional and developmental classes, in individual classes.
Remember that your child will learn more slowly than other children.
Don't be overly critical of your child. It is important that the child is not afraid to make mistakes. Don't think for the child.
Pay attention to any difficulties your child has and contact specialists as necessary.
The success of correctional education is largely determined by how clearly the continuity in the work of teachers and parents is organized.
Help your child develop self-confidence.
Communicate systematically with your child. This is the most important factor for a successful start in school.
If your child needs to remember some information, repeat it with him several times.
Alternate your activities. Continuous reading should not exceed 8 - 10 minutes, writing 4 - 5 minutes. After that, change activities. After 30 - 40 minutes, take a long break.
Consolidation of knowledge can be carried out during walks, trips, on the way to school. But some types of activities require a calm business environment, as well as the absence of distractions.
Initially, tasks are completed by the child with the active help of the parent, gradually teaching the child to be independent.
It is necessary to teach the child to complete tasks independently. You should not rush to show how to perform a task. Help must be timely and reasonable.
Communicate with your child. Teach him to communicate, ask for help, and help others. Create conditions for your child to communicate with peers and friends.
Avoid excessive demands. Don’t ask your child everything at once. Your requirements must correspond to the level of development of his skills and cognitive abilities.
Praise children when they succeed in doing or achieving something.
Develop in children a general stock of knowledge, ideas, thinking, intelligence, interests not only in play, but also in learning.
Organize a developmental environment for children at home: a special separate place and equipment for educational activities, games, and recreation.
Develop special skills in children. Help find the child's hidden talents and capabilities.
Teach children techniques for concentrating, switching attention, relaxing, regulating their emotional state, and resting.
Develop your child’s interests and yours so that all family members have the opportunity for self-development and self-expression.
Be restrained, calm, and rejoice in your child’s successes.
Development of communication skills with children:
- build relationships with your child on mutual understanding and trust
- control your child’s behavior without imposing strict rules on him
- avoid, on the one hand, excessive softness, and on the other, excessive demands on the child
- do not give your child categorical instructions, avoid the words “no” and “impossible”
- repeat your request in the same words many times
- use visual stimulation to reinforce verbal instructions
- remember that a child’s excessive talkativeness, mobility and indiscipline are not intentional
- listen to what the child wants to say
Changing the psychological microclimate in the family:
- establish a solid daily routine for the child and all family members
- reduce the influence of distractions while the child is completing a task
- avoid large crowds of people whenever possible
- remember that overwork contributes to a decrease in self-control and an increase in hyperactivity.
Special behavioral program:
- do not resort to physical punishment! If there is a need to resort to punishment, then it is advisable to use sitting in a certain place after committing the act.
Praise your child more often. The threshold of sensitivity to negative stimuli is very low, so children with mental retardation do not perceive reprimands and punishments, but are sensitive to rewards
- do not allow the task to be postponed until another time
- help your child begin the task, as this is the most difficult stage.
But still, in our opinion, parental love and the professionalism of specialists will help the child cope with any difficulties.
What parents need to know about mental retardation.
For many parents, the diagnosis of mental retardation sounds like a sentence passed on their child. But is mental retardation really that bad? What should parents and teachers do so that a child with such a diagnosis can harmoniously integrate into the normal life of society or even get rid of the disorders that make him different from his peers?
Mental retardation (MDD) is a violation of the rate of development of individual mental functions person: attention, memory, thinking, emotional sphere. In this case, mental development lags behind the norms accepted in the scientific world, characteristic of a certain age.
What is ZPR?
The pedagogical diagnosis of “mental retardation” is given to a child of preschool age or primary school age. It is at these age stages that correction of the child’s development is possible. If the development of mental functions is negative, this diagnosis changes to more serious ones: “constitutional infantilism” or “mental retardation.”
1. The diagnosis of mental retardation is made by a neurologist
2. A diagnosis of FGR means that the child develops in the same way as all other children, only more slowly
3. The sooner you start classes with a child with mental retardation, the faster the child will catch up with his peers in development
4. Specialists who can help you:
- neurologist, psychoneurologist
- teacher-speech pathologist
- educational psychologist
- speech therapist teacher.
5. It is advisable to receive qualified assistance from these specialists at the Center for Psychological, Medical and Pedagogical Support.
6. For children with mental retardation there are specialized preschool educational institutions. In order to get into a specialized preschool educational institution, you must pass a psychological, medical, and pedagogical commission (PMPC) at the center for psychological, medical, and pedagogical support (CPMPS).
Causes of mental retardation:
Modern science identifies two groups of main causes, each of which has several factors influencing the development of the human psyche.
Biological reasons related to the functioning of the body of the child and his parents:
pathological pregnancy, during which there could be infectious diseases, severe toxicosis, cases of injury to the mother and fetus, intoxication) intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus; premature birth; injury or asphyxia of the fetus during childbirth; infectious, traumatic, toxic diseases of the child in early age hereditary predisposition.
Social reasons for PPD can be the following:
long-term isolation of the child from society, unfavorable family environment with mental trauma: physical and psychological violence, parental alcoholism, parental indifference, non-participation in the child’s development, etc.
Depending on the causes of mental retardation, there are different classifications of mental retardation. When diagnosing mental retardation, domestic psychologists often use the classification of clinical types of mental retardation based on the principle of origin by K. S. Lebedinskaya. She distinguishes 4 types of ZPR:
constitutional origin (the child is at a stage lower in his development than his peers: immature emotional-volitional sphere, play motives prevail over cognitive ones, superficial emotions) somatogenic origin (feeling of physical inferiority, capriciousness, uncertainty caused by past diseases: operations with anesthesia, limited mobility, heart disease, etc.) of psychogenic origin (caused by insufficient or excessive care, neurotic characteristics, lack of cognitive activity, egocentrism, nervousness, increased anxiety, etc.) of cerebral-organic origin (mental instability or inhibition, expressed both in hyperactivity and in uncertainty, fearfulness, slowness).
What advice do experts give for the successful development of children with mental retardation?
Attend specialized kindergartens, schools or groups Conduct regular classes to develop all thought processes Work with a speech therapist, speech pathologist and psychologist. Draw more, sculpt, glue, etc. Train the emotional sphere using modern techniques: art therapy, fairy tale therapy, play therapy, etc.) Form spatial and abstract thinking through special classes Take an integrated approach to child development with parallel drug treatment, physiotherapy, exercise therapy, massage and sports activities
And the main thing to remember is that mental retardation is a diagnosis from which there are many chances to get rid of if adults do not have a deficit of love, attention, patience and wisdom.
Shestakova A.V. speech therapist teacher