Preschooler's daily routine in the family. Features of creating a daily routine for an infant, preschooler, first-grader and teenager

Nothing makes the work of nerve cells in the brain easier,

like a certain daily routine.

I. P. Pavlov .

The correct daily routine plays a huge role in a child’s life. Already at preschool age, it is necessary to accustom the child to a daily routine, otherwise, as they grow up, children find it difficult to perceive what is required of them, namely the correct organization of waking and sleeping time.

Preschool children love stability, and the slightest change in routine begins to tire them. Not only the child should live according to certain rules, but also the people who are nearby.

Let's talk about the approximate daily routine of a preschooler.

1. So that the child meets the new day with good mood, he should get a good night's sleep, which means he must respect the duration of his night's sleep, then waking up in the morning will not be so difficult.

2. A small set of exercises will help you joyfully greet the new day. Start your day with exercise.

3. We must not forget about the rules of personal hygiene - morning water procedures.

4. A certain time should be allotted for eating a balanced meal, and there should be enough time to not rush and chew the food well.

5. Child preschool age spends a certain period of time in kindergarten, there he develops in the game, receives a certain amount of knowledge, skills and abilities.

6. It is necessary to pay special attention to walks in the fresh air - summer walks are longer than winter ones, but they must be present in the daily routine!

7. Don’t forget about daytime sleep - in kindergarten, the child must rest. It is also necessary to arrange a quiet time at home during holidays and weekends. And parents should set an example for their children - this is very important point. After all, your behavior is the very role model that should be present in education.

8. Every family should have a certain period of time for activities with children - this is important for the development of cognitive processes in the child.

From all that has been said, it follows that it is the family that must pay great attention to the implementation correct mode day with their children.

It is important to know that the correct regime is, first of all, a rational distribution of time with various types of child activities. Compliance with this regime will not only develop punctuality and responsibility in the baby, but will also contribute to the development of personality. At a certain period of time, the body of a preschooler prepares for the activity that he has to perform, and many physiological processes (falling asleep, waking up, digesting food) will occur with minimal costs energy, nerves and time. In other words, a well-thought-out daily routine makes your child a disciplined person, increasing performance and at the same time positively influencing his health and mental activity.

Let's take a closer look at some points.

1. Sleep. Adequate sleep is an important factor not only in the physical, but also in the mental health of your child. Never be deprived of sleep due to a change in your plans or the whims of your baby. The duration of his sleep, as a rule, depends on the conditions created by adults. Children whose parents have taught them to put them to bed at the same time every day usually fall asleep in a minimally short time. It is impossible not to notice how the child’s character changes as the set bedtime approaches. The child becomes very capricious, whiny, lethargic. In order for the baby to fall asleep on time, adults need to “fill” his day with physical activity, communicating with peers on the street, in kindergarten.

2. Walking outside. Daily long walks in the fresh air and active games with children are an indispensable item in a child’s daily routine, since walks strengthen his body and affect the child’s psychological background. In addition, while walking on the street with peers, he receives a lot of information and gains experience in communicating and behaving with different people. Walks are especially important for children who do not attend preschool.

The duration of the walk directly depends on age, season, and weather. In the cold season, you need to spend at least 2-4 hours outside, and in the summer the child can be outside the house as much as possible. In spring and summer, physical activity increases, the frequency of trips to various parks with carousels, slides, and horizontal bars increases, thereby giving your pet the opportunity to develop. You need to return from a walk at least half an hour before meals so that the little one can calmly take it off. outerwear, rest a little and wash your hands.

3. Nutrition. One of the main points of the daily routine is nutrition. Nutritious food- this is the key to your child’s health. It’s probably not worth reminding that what you feed your child must be of exceptional quality, fresh and healthy. Nutrition should be balanced, combining proteins, fats and vitamins in equal quantities. But you need to be careful with carbohydrates. Almost all children love sweets, so you need to make sure that your child does not overeat them. Teach him to a certain “dose” of candy, cookies and buns, and explain that he needs to be able to “earn” the next candy. This way the child will know when to stop and won’t constantly ask for sweets. Carbohydrates are the main sources of energy, but in large quantities they can lead to obesity in a child and can also cause frequent caries.

Remember that the following microelements help the normal development of your child: magnesium, sodium, iron, phosphorus, calcium, iodine; therefore, food should be selected taking into account the presence of these elements in it, which directly affect the growth of bones, teeth, and nails. It is advisable to give foods containing a lot of protein to the child in the first half of the day; in combination with fats, they linger in the stomach for a long time and require a large amount of gastric juice to process them. But for dinner, kids should be given exclusively easily digestible food. These can be dairy products or light cereals, because at night, as you know, the digestion process slows down significantly.

4. Don't forget about games, educational and creative activities. When creating a daily routine, it is recommended to allocate time for independent play, joint activities and games with parents or people close to him. As a rule, in the first half of the day, parents are busy with their household chores, so when creating a schedule, it is better to include independent play before lunch. Of course, you can involve your little one in your work, for example, making pies. As a result, the baby will enthusiastically help you and have an exciting time. For each age, their own forms of play activity should be selected (for example, for a two-year-old toddler, they should take place in a playful way, be short-lived and not tiring). A prerequisite for the intellectual and cultural development of a child is developmental and educational activities- lessons.

Teach your child to follow a daily routine and correctly alternate between stress and rest, praise your child more often, surround him with care and affection, and then he will always delight you with a good mood and enthusiasm.

The material was processed by I. V. Skubiy, educational psychologist

Daily routine is alternation various types activities: rest, sleep, nutrition, being in the fresh air. And if in a preschool institution the regime is strictly adhered to, then on Saturday and Sunday the rules of an orderly life are often violated. As a result, on Monday morning, most children look tired or, conversely, overly excited.

Not only the child, but also the parents suffer from violation of the regime. Together with your baby, you spend too much energy, get tired faster and don’t have time to do anything. The conclusion is simple: adherence to the regime makes life easier for both you and your child.

From hill to hill

The daily routine of a preschooler is not an artificial invention of doctors and teachers. It is based on accurate observations of the physiology of a preschooler and changes in his activity throughout the day and week. It is known that maximum performance is manifested in a child from 8.00 to 12.00 And from 16.00 to 18.00, and the minimum is at 14.00-16.00. Therefore, activities that require mental stress are best planned in the first half of the day.

By the end of the week, the child’s performance decreases and fatigue increases. This is especially true for those children who attend preschool. There is nothing surprising in this - after all, children's team the baby has to “curb” his desires and emotions, control motor activity. All this requires a huge expenditure of nervous energy. It's no secret that children can get tired of intense communication with their peers. Therefore, treat with understanding and respect the fact that your child needs relaxation at home on Saturday and Sunday.

Learn from your child!

• maximum duration of continuous wakefulness - 5.5-6 hours;
• dream - 12.5-12 hours(of which 2-2.5 hours occurs during daytime naps);
• four meals at intervals 3.5-4 hours.

It is very important that the regime at home coincides with the regime of the preschool institution. Find out what your child's daily routine is like in kindergarten. You may be surprised - he himself will tell you what you are doing wrong at home and help you adjust your routine.

And we end this small reminder with a table that indicates main stages of a preschooler's day depending on his age group.

The child’s daily routine is adjusted to life circumstances, as well as to the rhythm, habits and plans of the family: both the baby himself and his parents.

Remember: a daily routine is a way to distribute time among activities throughout the day. His task is not to overload the child to the maximum, but to balance his daily routine so that the baby’s body and nervous system are not overloaded, so that any type of activity is beneficial and does not exhaust the child. Periods of work and study should be combined with rest, sleep and food.

Pros and cons of following a daily routine

Not all psychologists and pediatricians agree on the benefits of introducing a clear daily routine into a child’s life. There are both positive and negative reviews in compliance with the regime. The choice remains with the parents; only they can understand whether the daily routine has a positive effect on their child or whether there are many more negative aspects.

Negative feedback:

• Following a strict regime is contrary to natural biology: the child’s body intuitively understands its needs, and the regime is not a necessity.
• A regime is a kind of violence and coercion to do “the right thing.” Not every preschooler benefits from the regimen psychologically.
• A child is a creative person with individuality and openness. And the regime is the restrictions that parents sometimes need more.

Positive Feedback:

• Maintaining a daily routine for a preschooler is the path to a healthy body: one time for meals, walks in the fresh air, and sleep.
• Doctors believe that it is adherence to the regime that promotes health; Everything has its time: eating, sleeping, walking, and the body gets used to it - sleep becomes sound, and appetite improves.
• It is the routine that helps organize the child’s time, which means that everything will be predictable and planned, and as a result, the preschooler will not have a feeling of helplessness from getting into unexpected situations, there will be no fuss and anxiety.
• A child who is accustomed to a routine needs less control. This is good for both parents and preschoolers.
• It is the daily routine that often becomes the “lifeline” that saves the child in the new world of school. This is the stability and immutability that gives confidence.
• A routine often helps build self-discipline.

It is important to understand that a child’s daily routine is not a strict schedule, when you need to meet the deadline to complete a task to the nearest second; it is good way satisfy the needs of the baby. As a child grows up, his daily routine can and should change.

For each family, the regime will be built according to their ideas about the necessary activities for the child, hobbies and traditions.

Before the most important event for the child - entering school - the task of parents is to rearrange his daily routine in advance, so as to minimally change it in elementary school. The child should get enough sleep, go for a walk, and do homework not late in the evening, but in advance. So that a preschooler can not only study, but also devote time to games, hobbies or favorite activities.

When creating your daily routine, remember:

• Flexibility of the daily routine is important;
• reasonableness of its preparation;
• It is necessary to proceed from the interests and needs of your child.

We teach the child to the daily routine

If it so happens that your child does not follow the daily routine, or for some reason his routine has gone astray or simply does not fit well into the new circumstances of a preschooler’s life, then it is necessary to change it.

This needs to be done gradually:

• Play with your child, teaching him a routine. Games and competitions will help you a lot. Use colorful posters, funny and original clocks, alarm clocks, colorful schedules, etc.;
• Do not deviate from the regime under any circumstances (the arrival of guests is not a reason to change the regime);
• Pay attention to how the child feels (if sick, make the necessary adjustments to the daily routine);
• Do not replace games and walks with a computer, tablet or TV;
• Set an example - be sure to follow the routine yourself, otherwise the child will see that the daily routine is not necessary.
• Intuitive mode. If you take a close look at your baby, you will notice that he often gets up and goes to bed at about the same time, plays, and walks. Parents who reject the accepted daily routine often create their own without realizing it.

What does a child’s daily routine provide?

• Every pediatrician tells parents that a preschooler’s daily routine is the basis for the child’s health, and not just a temporary moment in life - the routine will help develop, learn and grow without harm to health.
• Daily routine also affects psychological health baby. If your child falls asleep and wakes up in different times, that means he is awake different quantities hours. As a result, fatigue, irritability, possible manifestations of aggression and weakened immunity.
• The routine organizes the child and helps him achieve his goals. If he wants to learn to play the guitar or chess, time will appear in his schedule for lessons, and accordingly the child is moving towards his goal.
• A child’s daily routine is also important for an adult. Moreover, at first it is a little more necessary for parents, because it contributes to better control of their time. Then the child needs the regime.
• It does not occur to a child who has lived according to a routine since childhood to refuse to go to bed, eat or go for a walk. The baby himself will willingly adhere to the daily routine, because this is the key to stability and calm, which are so important to him. In the mornings, the child has time to get dressed slowly, no one rushes him. During the day, the rhythm of life in the family is predictable - everything goes peacefully and without conflicts. In the evening, parents can devote time to themselves.

Over time, the regime changes slightly. The amount of sleep decreases, the child stops sleeping during the day or sleeps less. But remember that a child still needs more sleep than an adult.

Baby's sleep

• Children under 5 years old need to sleep more than 12 hours a day;
• for a slightly older baby: from 5 to 6, sleep from 11 hours is already suitable;
• A preschooler must nap once during the day until he is 6 years old.

The peculiarities of a child’s sleep are determined by everything that surrounds him. Sounds, home environment, education. A number of children perceive the need to go to bed with reluctance, sometimes with aggression. The baby does not know or understand that regular lack of sleep is often the cause of his poor health, lack of mood, frequent whims and has an extremely negative impact on his overall health. Which clearly reflects not only on the condition nervous system, but also in weakening the immunity of the entire organism as a whole.

We go to bed and get up on time

• Often the baby wants to finish what he was doing (playing, drawing, etc.). Therefore, tell your child in advance (10-15 minutes before) that you need to go to bed soon. And when this moment comes, take your child to bed, do not give in to persuasion to play a little more or tears that he did not finish the picture.
• The rule that the baby must change his clothes himself will help to gradually switch the child from play to sleep. Prepare (spread) the bed for bed, put your favorite toy under the blanket.
• Most best way Encourage your baby to quickly jump into bed and get ready for bed - this is a ritual of reading a book at night in a hug with mom or dad.
• It is best if the child gets up immediately after waking up. But do not forget, if necessary, to leave five or ten minutes for the baby to transition from sleep to wakefulness, because some people need time to wake up.
• Then let the baby dress himself. Throughout preschool, children should develop the habit of dressing themselves, washing and combing their hair after sleep.

We have already written about that. This article may be useful to you.

Basic rules for creating a regime

• The regimen should be suitable and comfortable for you and the child.
• It is important to take into account the baby’s biological rhythms, and not change them.
• There is no “correct” routine, there is a possible plan. You can get up early or, on the contrary, build your routine so that you are sure to get enough sleep.

If the routine for bedtime, food, time for learning, walking and playing is repeated daily, it has a beneficial effect on all physiological processes in the body and the child’s nervous system. It is known that the absence of a normal routine affects the condition of a preschooler: the child gets tired and feels sluggish. or, on the contrary, too excited.

Possible daily routine for a 1-3 year old child. Mom and baby

Possible daily routine for a 4-6 year old preschooler. The child HIMSELF!

Daily routine for preschool children

« Healthy man there is the most precious thing

work of nature"
(T. Carlyle)

The daily routine is of great importance for the health and physical development of children. A daily routine is a system for distributing periods of sleep and wakefulness, meals, hygiene and health procedures, classes and independent activities of children in accordance with their age. The cheerful, cheerful and at the same time balanced mood of children largely depends on strict adherence to the regime. Delays in eating, sleeping, and walking have a negative impact on children’s nervous system: they become lethargic or, conversely, excited, begin to be capricious, lose their appetite, have trouble falling asleep and sleep restlessly.

One of the important distinctive features education in kindergarten from home - this is the regime in kindergarten.The daily routine in a preschool educational institution is a rational duration and reasonable alternation of various types of activities and rest for children during a 12-hour stay in kindergarten.

In kindergarten, everything is subject to a pre-established routine. And this is a definite plus. After all, such systematicity teaches neatness, precision, and order.The main principle of constructing a regime in a preschool educational institution is its compliance with the age-related psychophysiological characteristics of children.Eating the right amount of food at the same time promotes the growth of a healthy body.

Following a daily routine, carrying out all its constituent elements always at the same time, contributes to the development of useful habits, strong conditioned connections that facilitate the transition from one activity to another. The child’s body is, as it were, preparing for the type of activity that he will have to perform at a certain time. A correct regimen that corresponds to the child’s age-related capabilities improves health, ensures efficiency, successful implementation of various activities, and protects against overwork.

The regimen increases the efficiency of all biological processes occurring in the body and forms biorhythms. At the same time, the body is practically not exposed to stress, since nothing unplanned happens to it.

Following a daily routine teaches you to be organized and disciplined. The state of health depends on how correctly the daily routine is organized. physical development, mood.

For children raised in kindergarten, the day is subject to a strict schedule with prescribed walks and outdoor games, gymnastics, a set of hygiene measures, mandatory daytime sleep, etc.

Good performance during the day is ensured by a variety of activities and their alternation. From a physiological point of view, this is explained by the ability of the cerebral cortex to simultaneously work and rest. At each individual moment, not its entire surface is working, but individual areas, namely those that are in charge of this activity; the remaining areas of the cortex are at rest at this time. When the nature of activities changes, the field of optimal excitability moves and conditions are created for rest of previously functioning areas of the cerebral cortex.

During the day, the child’s activity and performance are not the same. It is known that maximum performance is manifested in a child from 8.00 to 12.00 and from 16.00 to 18.00, and minimum - at 14.00–16.00. Therefore, OUDs that cause severe fatigue in children are planned in the first half of the day, during hours of optimal performance.

Performance is ambiguous throughout the week. On Monday it is low. This can be explained by the child’s adaptation to the kindergarten regime after a two-day stay at home, when in most cases the usual regime is significantly disrupted. The best performance indicators are observed on Tuesday and Wednesday, and starting from Thursday, it deteriorates again, reaching its lowest performance on Friday and Saturday. Consequently, by the end of the week there is a gradual and steady increase in fatigue. To a certain extent, this is due to the long duration of the sedentary state of children engaged in quiet games, household work, and educational work.

An increase in the motor component and a rational (taking into account the dynamics of performance) distribution of OUDs during the week, which are especially tiring for children, can be considered among the measures to prevent fatigue.

In a child accustomed to a strict routine, the need for food, sleep, and rest occurs at certain intervals and is accompanied by rhythmic changes in the activities of all internal organs. The body, as it were, adjusts in advance to the upcoming activity, so it is carried out quite effectively, without unnecessary waste of nervous energy and does not cause pronounced fatigue. A child, accustomed to living according to a routine from early childhood, willingly follows it. It doesn’t occur to him that he can refuse to go to bed when it’s time.

If the rhythm in the hours of eating, sleeping, walking is repeated day after day, different types activity, then this has a beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system and on how all physiological processes occur in the body. In children's preschool institutions the regime is fully implemented. But at home (for children both not attending and attending kindergartens), it is not always observed. It has been noticed that the lack of a proper daily routine on weekends affects the child’s condition in kindergarten on Monday: some fatigue, lethargy (or, on the contrary, increased excitability) are felt, the baby tends to sleep much more during the day than on other days...

A child’s behavior in kindergarten, his mood, and performance are directly dependent on how his activities and sleep are organized in the family on regular days and also on weekends. Therefore, I believe that serious organizational and educational work among parents to streamline the home regime and bring it into line with that established in kindergarten. Parents' attention should be drawn to organizing an evening walk, a night's sleep, and on weekends to proper rest in the air, and regulating the viewing of television programs, especially before bedtime.

By adhering to such simple rules, you and your child will not waste wonderful minutes of time, happily using them to be together, take a walk, and play.

Components of the daily routine

When implementing routine moments, it is also necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the child (duration of sleep, taste preferences, character, pace of activity, etc.). The closer to individual characteristics the child is in preschool mode, the more comfortable he feels, the better his mood and the higher his activity.

The main components of the regime in a preschool educational institution are: sleep, staying in the open air (walk), educational activities, play activities and rest of your own choice ( free time), food intake, personal hygiene. The content and duration of each of the components, as well as their role in certain age periods naturally change, acquiring new characteristic features and features.

Morning exercises. A child's day should begin with morning exercises. A typical morning exercise routine includes walking, breathing exercises, turns, bends, squats, short jumps or running, and walking again. A child enjoys doing exercises if you give it the appearance of a game and do the exercises with him.

O.UD.

OUD, which causes severe fatigue in children, is planned in the first half of the day, during hours of optimal performance. By the end of the week, the child’s performance decreases and fatigue increases. This is especially true for those children who attend preschool. There is nothing surprising in this - after all, in a children's group, the baby has to “curb” his desires and emotions, control his motor activity. All this requires a huge expenditure of nervous energy. It's no secret that children can get tired of intense communication with their peers. Therefore, treat with understanding and respect the fact that your child needs relaxation at home on Saturday and Sunday.

Proper organization of educational activities with preschool children includes game uniform, widespread use of visual material, motor moments contribute to the most effective development children and prevent fatigue. Classes should be interesting in content and varied in structure, taking into account age characteristics children.

Eating. An obligatory component of the regime is food intake, which is organized taking into account breaks between breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner within 4 hours. Strict adherence to established meal times serves as a conditioned stimulus for the food reflex and ensures the secretion of digestive juices and good appetite.

It is unacceptable for children to sit at the table waiting for food and after eating it - this contributes to fatigue.

If you feed the child at the same time, the body will already know when food will arrive and will prepare for this time: increase the secretion of saliva, gastric juice, and enzymes.

Thus, food will be digested more efficiently, and nutrients will be better absorbed. And the baby will be able to avoid many digestive problems.

The main requirement for organizing meals is strict regularity and timeliness - the basis for a good appetite in a child. Prepared food is delivered in a special, labeled, sealed container. The teacher's assistant thoroughly washes his hands with soap, puts on a clean robe and scarf, and washes the tables with hot water and soap. The teacher makes sure that children wash their hands with soap and wipe them dry. Meals should always take place in a calm environment.

Children attending kindergarten receive the required nutrition per day according to their age. The home diet of such an “organized” child should complement, and not replace, the diet of the kindergarten. For this purpose, teachers post the daily menu in each group so that parents can familiarize themselves with it. Therefore, when taking your child home, do not forget to read it and try to give your baby at home exactly those foods and dishes that he did not receive during the day. On weekends and holidays try to stick to the kindergarten menu.

Walk. A walk is an element of the regime that gives children the opportunity for active exercise and complete relaxation. In your daily routine, you should definitely include time for daily walks in the fresh air. The more time children spend outdoors, the healthier they are. The reason for canceling walks is for healthy child There may be exceptional circumstances: heavy rain, severe frost with strong winds. Games and nature observations are organized on the site. It is important that children do not become overheated or cooled down. Play activity Children on a walk should be under the control and guidance of a teacher.

Dream. No matter how expediently the regime is structured - with dosage of loads, switching to different types of activity, with an increase in the motor component, during the day the indicators of the child’s biological activity inevitably decrease, which dictates the need to change the active state to sleep.

The study of sleep physiologists has revealed that it is not homogeneous, but consists of two alternating phases. The slow phase is longer (about 75-80% of the total duration of sleep) is the phase of deep sleep (without dreams, when the cortical cells rest, but other systems are active, in particular, there is a strong release of growth hormones into the blood, and it is during these hours that children grow .

The second phase - REM sleep - is an active state of cortical cells, during which information received during the day is processed, analyzed and selected for storage in long-term memory.

The process of falling asleep is complicated and lengthened if children are overexcited. Twilight, muffled sound stimuli, an empty bowel and bladder, a warm shower or bath, comfortable clean pastel, and gentle handling of the child contribute to normal sleep. Before children go to bed, the room is well ventilated; depending on the weather, the windows are left open during sleep; during sleep, there should be silence in the room; loud conversations, screams, and noisy outdoor games are unacceptable; It is important for children to have pajamas and cotton shirts.

By getting used to falling asleep and getting up at the same time, the child greatly improves the quality of his sleep. As a rule, children who have a routine fall asleep faster, do not wake up at night, and feel cheerful and active all day long.

Hardening. Aimed at improving the body's defense reactions, increasing resistance to diseases and resistance to temperature fluctuations. Effective form Air hardening is a walk in the morning, when children are exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Healthy children are hardened by the sun during games in a zone of light and shade and diffused sunlight. TO water procedures Children are introduced gradually, starting with local douches and wet rubdowns. First, they teach you to wash your face, wash your hands (up to the elbow, neck with water room temperature. Then they move on to special procedures. Pouring your feet is done after a nap. (temperature not lower than 20 degrees). General douches (showers) during the warm season are required after a walk, then hardening acts as a hygienic procedure.

Free independent activity of children. Children need to be allocated special time for free independent activities of children: drawing, cutting, modeling, designing, counting, SRI, etc.

The daily routine is considered correct if it provides sufficient time to perform all the necessary elements of life and high performance throughout the entire period of wakefulness, prevents the development of fatigue, increases the overall resistance of the body.

The regime also turns out to be useful from a psychological point of view. Children are conservative; they do not like innovation too much. If a child has a routine, he feels confident and protected. He knows what he will be doing in the near future, and this calms him down.Violation of the regime negatively affects the nervous system of children: they become lethargic or, on the contrary, excited, begin to be capricious, lose appetite, have trouble falling asleep and sleep restlessly.

A correct regimen that corresponds to the child’s age-related capabilities improves health, ensures efficiency, and the successful implementation of various activities.That's why,It is necessary to teach children to follow a daily routine early age, when it is easiest to develop the habit of organization and order, systematic work and proper rest, spending as much of it in the fresh air as possible. This must be done gradually, consistently and daily.

If the regime is drawn up correctly, then the child is active during the allotted periods for wakefulness, he has an excellent appetite and asks to eat “on schedule”, he is in a balanced state and easily falls asleep, and when he wakes up he is cheerful and active again.

A child, accustomed to living according to a routine from early childhood, willingly follows it. It doesn’t occur to him that he can refuse to go to bed when it’s time. If he went to bed at 9 o’clock in the evening and no later than half an hour later fell asleep soundly, then in the morning you don’t have to wake him up - he himself wakes up cheerful and cheerful.

The child has enough time to get dressed calmly, and parents do not have to rush him or express dissatisfaction with his slowness. During the day, they do not waste time on repeated invitations, persuasions to sit at the table or go for a walk. The day in the family begins and ends calmly, all conflict situations related to adherence to the regime are excluded. Parents completely use the evening hours for their business.

If the rhythm in the hours of eating, sleeping, walking, and various activities is repeated day after day, then this has a beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system and on how all physiological processes occur in the body.

In preschool institutions, the regime is fully implemented. But at home (for children both not attending and attending kindergartens), it is not always observed.

It has been noticed that the lack of a proper daily routine on weekends affects the child’s condition in kindergarten on Monday: some fatigue, lethargy (or, on the contrary, increased excitability) are felt, the baby tends to sleep much more during the day than on other days...

Over the course of 4 preschool years, the regime changes slightly. Decreases somewhat daily amount sleep, mainly due to daytime sleep. But we must not forget that a child still needs more sleep than an adult.

Sleep of a preschool child

A child under 5 years old is supposed to sleep 12.5-12 hours a day, at 5-6 years old - 11.5-12 hours (of which approximately 10-11 hours at night and 1.5-2.5 hours during the day). The time allotted for night sleep is from 9-9 hours 30 minutes in the evening to 7-7 hours 30 minutes in the morning.

Preschool children sleep once during the day. They are put to bed so that they wake up at 15-15 hours 30 minutes. It is not advisable to organize a daytime nap later - this would inevitably lead to a later bedtime at night.

A six-hour wakefulness in the afternoon is exactly the period of time during which the child will play enough to feel the need for rest.

The characteristics of a child's sleep are largely determined by the conditions of upbringing.

The need to go to bed is sometimes perceived as a nuisance; the child asks permission to play more or watch TV. Having been refused, he bad mood he goes to wash, undress, fidgets for a long time, does not fall asleep, and in the morning he has to be woken up, depriving him of some of the necessary rest.

Systematic lack of sleep negatively affects the child’s mood, leads to whims, and has a harmful effect on the state of the central nervous system.

Therefore, it is so important, using appropriate pedagogical and hygienic means, to strengthen the child’s need for sleep, to induce a feeling of pleasure when going to bed, and to teach him to fall asleep quickly without any additional influences.

What means help solve these problems?

First of all, the habit of following a daily routine developed in early childhood. Usually the child wants to somehow complete what he is doing (and this can only be welcomed). Therefore, you should warn your baby in advance, 10-15 minutes in advance, that you need to go to bed soon. And when this time comes, insist that the child does not linger.

The gradual switch from play to sleep is facilitated by the child’s habit of undressing on his own. By the age of three, a child can undress almost independently and neatly fold his clothes. Over the following years, these skills are improved.

The best clothes for sleeping are pajamas, which, depending on the season, can be flannelette, knitted or chintz. On hot days, children can sleep in panties (but not the ones they played in).

In all seasons of the year, during the day, if possible, the child should sleep in the air. If this is not possible, then he must be dressed and covered in such a way that the window, transom or vent can remain open during the entire sleep time. (The air temperature in the room should not drop below plus 15°).

It is also very important to provide access to fresh air during nighttime sleep. If in winter the room gets too cold, it should be well ventilated before the child is put to bed.

It is advisable for the child to get up immediately after waking up. It should be borne in mind that the transition from sleep to wakefulness occurs differently in children: for some it is almost instantaneous, while for others it takes 5-10 minutes to finally wake up.

Dressing yourself and fastening all the buttons is somewhat more difficult for a child than undressing. Throughout preschool age, children should strengthen the skill of dressing themselves and carefully washing and combing their hair after sleep.

Every year, in your daily routine, you will devote more and more time to special activities with your child, so that with children of six years old, two, sometimes three classes lasting from 25 to 35 minutes each are held daily.

When conducting classes, great importance is attached to the organization of the external environment: a well-ventilated room, sufficient and correct illumination of the table surface (the window or lamp should be located on the left side), the size of the table and chair corresponding to the child’s height. A small-sized object (book, pictures) being viewed by children should be at least 30 cm away from the child’s eyes.

Walks

Special mention should be made about walks.

A walk, long enough, carried out daily, is the most important means of improving a child’s health, his full and physical development. During the cold season, the child should walk at least 3-4 hours a day. If the weather is unfavorable, the walk can be shortened, but not cancelled.

The question of the weather (air temperature, humidity, wind strength) in which a child can walk with benefit in winter is not completely resolved. In many ways, its decision depends on the natural conditions in which the child lives. For example, in the north of our country, where the winter is long and severe, children of senior preschool age
walking in frost 30-35.

In kindergartens in Norilsk, which educate children who come not only from the middle zone, but also from the southern regions of the CIS, children of senior preschool age go for a walk if there is no wind, and at minus 40. Naturally, in severe frosts, children walk less, than on other days. Before a walk, the child’s face is smeared with Vaseline. If he is cold, he is asked to go indoors for a short time (about five minutes) and warm up. But even 15-20-minute walks at very low air temperatures provide good emotional and physical exercise.

In the cold season, the mobility of some children is limited by dressing them incorrectly or wrapping them up too much. When putting “a hundred clothes” on a child, parents are guided by good intentions: “Otherwise he will catch a cold and get sick.” But in fact, a child whose bulky clothes prevent him from playing with his peers, throwing snowballs, making snow “women,” or sledding down a hill, not only loses the joy of these activities, but begins to lag significantly behind in physical development. In such children, the body's adaptability to cold and heat and resistance to the effects of harmful microorganisms decrease. They are often either too thin or too fat.

Inharmonious physical development leads to a delay in improving motor skills.