Exercises for speed reading Schulte table. These Children: developmental psychology, development and education of children

Help your child quickly adapt to the school environment! From an early age, teach him to easily and naturally train his visual memory, while eliminating mistakes in writing or counting. Using Schulte tables, you will achieve the desired result with little time and money.

Training visual memory

A small child is like plasticine, and what you mold from it determines who he becomes. One of the useful and necessary characteristics of development is memory. Knowing this loving parents It is taught to children from an early age. Some use memorization of poetry, others practice tongue twisters and proverbs. However, these methods, of course, are aimed at improving memory abilities and speech development, but do not have any effect on visual memory. Meanwhile, one should not forget about its existence.

According to scientists, it is precisely this that helps the child to master writing and reading faster and more effectively. has a targeted effect specifically on memorizing signs, in other words, the child will make fewer mistakes when writing, will easily and quickly learn to add and multiply, and subsequently it will be easier for him to perceive basic mathematical formulas. But for the future, now let’s talk in more detail about how the Schulte table for children works.

Preparing a child for school using the Schulte table

When going to school, a child must be prepared for the fact that many complex and equivalent tasks fall on him at once. He must not only adapt to a diverse children's team, but also learn to read, write and count. The child's psyche is very vulnerable and overly susceptible to criticism, so the task of parents is to qualitatively prepare the child for the new stage of his life. After all, it is very disappointing for a small schoolchild when he tries so hard to write words or numbers correctly, but mistakes are found in them.

The situation can be corrected by practice with memory training. By systematically performing the exercises, you can avoid a significant number of mistakes or say goodbye to them altogether. It all depends on your patience, parents, and, of course, on the desire to teach your child to remember information not only auditorily, but also visually.

Let's take a closer look at the Schulte tables. The method of working with them is aimed at increasing the possible field of vision of your child. According to experts, one of the reasons for the low rate is the small size of this field. But it can be increased with the help of special games and exercises. In an easy and relaxed manner, parents will help the child cope with the problem. The Schulte Tables program involves classes with cards that you can purchase or make yourself.

Making the manual yourself

To make a Schulte table at home, you will need cardboard (a sheet of paper) and a marker (felt-tip pen) with which you will write the numbers. By drawing the base into several squares, you create a training task. The level of difficulty depends on the age and abilities of your child. Since there can be a huge number of options, children do not get bored with games. Having mastered the most simple diagram, you can always move on to a more complex task.

The first card can consist of only 16 cells, and in subsequent ones you need to gradually increase the number (the more cells, the more difficult the task). On cardboard we write numbers from one to 25 in random order. To work effectively, you should have several of these plates at your disposal with different arrangements of numbers. It is worth noting: since Schulte tables are a universal simulator that is necessary for studying, adults can also actively use them, but more on that later.

Various tasks - interesting workouts

By coming up with various tasks and using the indicated tables, you can diversify the exercises, turning training into an eternal game. Children really like it, and they don’t get so tired while playing. And so that interest does not fade away, parents or educators should periodically change the tables and stimulate the desire to engage in rewards or competitions among children.

An example of visual memory training using the Schulte table

Having a card with numbers, you need to ask the child to name and show all the available numbers from 1 to 25 (or up to 16, depending on what table you have in your hands). Then it is advisable to announce the countdown. According to the recommendations, students in grades 1-2 not only show all the numbers, but also pronounce them out loud, while older children can limit themselves to just pointing.

Afterwards, you can practice calling only even or odd numbers. You can make the task a little more complicated by working on the table in pairs. For example, at the same time, a child names numbers in ascending order, and a mother or brother lists odd numbers. The competitive moment allows the child to learn to concentrate his attention on a specific task without being distracted by interference. Regular training not only strengthens visual memory, but also perfectly develops the child’s attention and even perseverance.

Schulte table test

Scientists have unraveled the secret to the effectiveness of tables. The results of research experiments indicate that Schulte tables have a beneficial effect on human brain activity. Scientists specializing in the field of functional neuroimaging have determined that the effect is due to a noticeable rush of blood to the areas of the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex when solving a new problem. However, a repeated attempt to study the same picture significantly reduced the intensity of blood flow.

In other words, the intensity of blood supply depended on the complexity and nature of the Schulte table. By offering the brain a solution to new problems, we not only stimulate its work, but also improve its activity, increasing memory capacity and enhancing concentration. Schulte's black and red tables are especially effective for memory training. This is a modified material. In what way? The numbers are no longer 25, but 49. Half are red, half are black. The child names the numbers in turn: first one color, then another. When listing reds, he uses a direct count (from 1 to 25), and when listing blacks, he uses a reverse count (from 24 to 1). Since the task is quite complex, it is intended for older children school age(and for adults).

The most effective training for our intelligence

The question arises: “Why are these particular puzzles effective?” Training stimulates the movement of the entire volume of blood flow to those areas of the cortex that are responsible for activating the intellect in the decision-making process. In addition, it was noted that the main part of the brain is practically not distracted, as is usually observed during arithmetic calculations, solving crossword puzzles or cramming poems.

Finding a solution logical problems, we activate mathematical thinking and use memory by remembering this or that formula. Other parts of our brain are responsible for these abilities. Almost the same thing happens when solving crossword puzzles. Again, it is necessary to strain additional areas of the cerebral cortex that are responsible for associative thinking and memories. In other words, part of the intensity of the blood flow is again lost.

The total volume of blood is distributed to other areas, while reducing the amount of blood entering the frontal lobes. The same thing is observed when memorizing poetry. By remembering or memorizing phrases, we activate memory, initiating areas responsible for recalling and storing information. As a result, the intensity of blood flow again decreases.

Schulte tables - the best option for improving memory

A completely different scheme is carried out when training using the Schulte table. There is no need to remember something or perform mathematical operations (multiply, add, subtract, divide), look for suitable associations, checking information with available data. You don't have to put in much extra effort during the workout.

The classic Schulte table is a square of 25 cells (5 x 5), in the center of each of which are drawn numbers from 1 to 25. The length of one side is approximately equal to a standard book sheet. There are also complicated (6 x 6, 7 x 7, colored, with letters, etc.) and simplified (children's, 3 x 3) versions of the Schulte table.

Variant of the Schulte table for children and beginners

This is what the classic Schulte table looks like

Complicated version: the same 25 numbers, but on a colored background

And this is not the simplest puzzle based on the Schulte table.
You need to quickly find numbers from 1 to 90.
Check if you are up to this task?

The trainee’s task is to direct his gaze to the center of the Schulte table and see all the numbers in order, while the eyes must remain motionless. The Schulte table is placed at a comfortable reading distance (usually 30-40 cm). Numbers do not need to be pronounced either out loud or to yourself: strive to perceive them directly, without putting them in the usual verbal or mental form.

There are both paper and electronic versions of the Schulte table. The first ones are preferable, but in the second case you can train casually, for example, on the way to work or school. Start training with the classic Schulte table, but it is important to ensure so that your eyes don't get too tired. If you experience discomfort, be sure to take a break. You need to study 2-3 times a week, gradually increasing the complexity of the tasks. It is not recommended to view more than 10 Schulte tables per day.

Schulte table in calendar colors - also a complicated version

You will see the effect of such exercises after just a few days of training - it will be easier for you to abstract yourself and see the entire table at once, rather than trying to automatically read information in the usual way; you will expand the area of ​​perceived text. The goal of the classes is to increase the speed of completing each task. This way, you practice finding the information you need by simply looking at the text, rather than searching for every word in it.

For those who want to master speed reading, Schulte's table with letters will be useful

Another area of ​​application of tables is NLP (neurolinguistic programming), where they help you relax and learn to perceive information as it is, and not through the prism of your own critical perception. This skill also helps with reading, so we can say that these exercises are doubly useful for those who want to master speed reading.

If you have serious problems remembering information, try combining classes with a special course.

Anxiety is a child of evolution

Anxiety is a feeling familiar to absolutely every person. Anxiety is based on the instinct of self-preservation, which we inherited from our distant ancestors and which manifests itself in the form of a defensive reaction “Flight or fight.” In other words, anxiety does not arise out of nowhere, but has an evolutionary basis. If at a time when a person was constantly in danger in the form of an attack by a saber-toothed tiger or an invasion of a hostile tribe, anxiety really helped to survive, then today we live in the safest time in the history of mankind. But our instincts continue to operate at a prehistoric level, creating many problems. Therefore, it is important to understand that anxiety is not your personal flaw, but a mechanism developed by evolution that is no longer relevant in modern conditions. Anxious impulses, once necessary for survival, have now lost their expediency, turning into neurotic manifestations that significantly limit the lives of anxious people.

The involuntariness of mental processes, characteristic of preschoolers, will cause many difficulties in learning for younger schoolchildren if work is not done in time to improve attention, memory, and thinking. Teachers primary school They complain that students often cannot concentrate on the material being studied in time, distribute their attention when they need to listen to the teacher and at the same time write, solve problems and remember the rules. That is why it is necessary to help a small schoolchild master the skills without which successful learning is impossible. One of these skills is the management of voluntary attention, which requires goal setting and effort. willpower. To properly teach a child this skill, you need to know what level of development of his attention is, what exercises should be used to train the skill. Perhaps they will be simple with a small number of actions, or, conversely, the student can be offered enough complex solutions to move on. Schulte tables for children are intended to diagnose the expected level of attention. At school, a psychologist diagnoses the mental properties of younger schoolchildren, but parents can also use simple exercises conduct a preliminary examination of your beloved child.

What do parents need to know about the Schulte technique?

Schulte tables are a classic, time-tested, psychodiagnostic technique designed to study the stability of attention, its volume, and distribution between objects. With its help, you can also determine the effectiveness of children’s independent work and train peripheral vision, which is very important for mastering quick reading. We can say that the tables serve as material not only for examining children, but also as a simulator for a necessary property, for example, attention. For elementary school students, systematic and ongoing training using tables will help:

• quickly and firmly master learning tasks;
• adequately evaluate acquired knowledge;
• perceive educational material productively;
• concentrate attention on any object or action.

The stimulus material of the technique includes five cards measuring 60 by 60 cm, which are made of thick cardboard. The card is lined into 25 squares, each containing numbers from 1 to 25 (an individual version for different tables). The student is required to read all the numbers in forward or reverse order. When finding numbers, you can rely on auxiliary means: pointing with a pointer, underlining with a pencil.

The level of completion depends on the age and preparedness of the student. Parents can buy these charts or draw them themselves, as they are quite easy to make.

Important: The arrangement of numbers in the tables needs to be changed periodically, since the child can quickly learn where each of them is located.

How to use tables when working with children?

In order to clearly carry out the test, and then, it is necessary to correctly prepare the stimulus material presented above. Psychologists advise placing the tables at a distance of no more than 35 cm from the subject. If this is an older preschooler or first-grader who is unfamiliar with the technique, for the first test you need to prepare tables of only 16 cells.

In the future, the number of cells gradually increases, since the more there are, the more difficult the task. Then the adult gives the child instructions:

1. look carefully at the table without distraction (about 10 seconds);
2. turn it over, focus on the material you have viewed;
3. take a pencil, turn the table with the front side facing you;
4. without hesitation, carry out continuous line to connect numbers from 1 to 16 (25) in order;
5. All numbers must be said out loud.

Important: For testing, it is necessary to prepare several tables at once that the child must work with. No mathematical calculations are required, so the test is quick and the results are as objective as possible. All indicators are strictly recorded.

Interpretation of test results

The main thing is that when interpreting the results obtained, it is necessary to take into account the time spent on completing the test and the number of errors made. Even without special knowledge, any parent will understand what longer baby will complete the task and the more mistakes he makes when finding numbers, the worse the results obtained. The more intense the work on the simulators should be. And, conversely, a quick and error-free test solution is a good sign that the junior student has successfully passed the test.

It is important for a parent to know how to correctly interpret test results. The methodology has developed special tools that will help you do this. This includes average indicators: calculation formula efficiency of ER operation and formula workability(inclusion in the test) VR .

ER (in seconds) = (t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 + t5) / 5

t1…t5 – amount of time for the next card;

5 – number of tables used.

Important: The calculation takes into account the total time (in seconds) spent working with all tables.

Performance Evaluation ER correlates with the child’s age, measured in points, a high score is a good result, a low score is a bad result:

The height of the workability level is found using the formula:

VR = t1 / ER

Important: The time is calculated using the first table.

In order to determine the resulting level VR child, we need to consider the indicator:

• if he less than one - high level,
• more than one- the level is low, that is, it will be difficult for a younger student to get involved in work.

In addition to these indicators, you can also consider sustainability, the student’s ability to concentrate on a task - PU , which is calculated by the formula:

PU = t4 / ER

Important: The time of the fourth table (t4) is taken as the countdown. The indicator characterizing a student with strong mental stability should be less than one. Significant evidence suggests a low ability to concentrate one's attention on the task at hand.

Tables as attention trainers

The Schulte technique is original in that it can be used as attention simulators when working with primary schoolchildren. She is also a godsend homeschooling, since its stimulus material is simple to implement, it does not require special training from parents. However, you need to know about the essential points of conducting such trainings.

Psychologists advise that in the first lessons with a child, use, as training material, a table with partially highlighted numbers, for example, all odd numbers are highlighted in bold. When a younger student learns to quickly navigate cards with numbers, the stimulus material needs to be made more complex. For example, increase the number of cells by making a larger square.

Considering that play still occupies a lot of space in the lives of primary schoolchildren, experts recommend introducing game elements into training for children. Then regular training exercises can look like games.

Exercise “Show and name correctly”

An adult and a child perform actions together, but in different directions. First, the student names the numbers in direct order (ascending), and the adult at the same time in reverse order (descending). Then the players change.

Exercise "Even-odd"

An adult and a child also perform simultaneous actions, one reads even numbers, the other reads odd ones. After several actions, players change roles. This is quite difficult for a child, since focus and concentration must occur in the presence of bright external interference.

Exercise "Red-Black"

For the exercise, the table is made in red and black, 7 by 7 in size, that is, 49 cells. Two sets of numbers fit into them, one in red (for example, from 1 to 25), the other in black (from 1 to 24). The child names all the red numbers first, then all the black ones.

As an option, when calling all red numbers, use direct counting, while calling all black numbers, use reverse counting.

Since many game variations can be invented, simulators do not tire the children. Parents can also use competitive elements, prizes and rewards to keep students interested in exercise classes.

To train speed reading skills, many experts recommend performing special exercises with Schulte tables. The methodology for performing these exercises is aimed at improved peripheral vision, increasing the amount of visible text, and therefore speeding up reading. In this article you will find detailed description exercise techniques with Schulte tables. In addition, you can take tests using these tables online and, if you wish, download Schulte tables of various levels of complexity for free.

What is the Schulte Table?

The Schulte table is a table in which certain information (most often sequential numbers) is randomly placed in the cells. The most common type of interpretation of the Schulte table (or Shultz tables) is a square table with 5 columns and 5 rows, in which numbers from 1 to 25 are randomly placed. Such a table is shown in the picture below:

The essence of working with Schulte tables is to quickly sequentially find all the numbers or other objects located in the table. Moreover, the emphasis is placed precisely on the speed of finding, which can be increased by special techniques for working with these tables.

The effect of the exercise according to the Schulte table

Typically, tests are used to develop the pace of information perception, and also as a test to study the current state of this pace. Constant work with Schulte tables helps expand your peripheral vision. A wide field of view reduces the time it takes to search for informational parts of the text. Also, by working with such tables, the speed of visual search movements increases, which is an important component of fast reading skills.

In addition, Schulte tables are often used in Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) trainings to obtain the so-called state of high productivity, which is achieved by switching consciousness from critical perception to a certain apathy and the ability to effectively perform logical and sequential operations. In principle, this effect is also important for speed reading. Therefore, we can say that working with Schulte tables has a double effect on increasing reading speed.

Method of performing the exercise.

In order to effectively increase your reading speed, you need to look for numbers by silently counting, that is, silently, in ascending order from 1 to 25. For information on how to read without speaking to yourself (without articulation), see this lesson. The found numbers are recorded only with a glance. However, this search has its own peculiarity. In order to perform the exercise correctly, and therefore find all the numbers faster, by training your peripheral vision, you need to focus on the central cell of the table so that you can see the entire table.

The best training of visual speed reading skills when working with Schulte tables is achieved with the maximum absence of horizontal and vertical eye movements. To do this, it is necessary to maintain the correct distance from the eyes to the table. The further away the table is, the more convenient it is to look at all its cells at once. The optimal distance to the table should correspond to a comfortable distance to a book or monitor when reading. Usually this is 40-50 centimeters, but you don’t need to move your eyes too far, only if it is difficult for you to see the entire table.

Achieving the desired effect

When working with Schulte tables, it is important to understand what exactly you are training - your visual skills. Therefore, the main thing is not the desire to finish each table as soon as possible, but the correct execution of the exercise, that is, compliance with the methodology described above. At first, you may have some difficulties doing the exercise, but with each subsequent table you will find the numbers faster and faster. Eventually, you will realize that you can now find numbers much faster than if you were just looking for them with normal eye movements. This is the desired effect of the exercise method with Schulte tables.

Lesson mode

Good peripheral vision as well as visual search skills cannot be achieved without

only with the correct execution of the search for numbers, but also with a constant systematic training program. Therefore, it is important to work with Schulte tables at least 3-4 times a week for 20-30 minutes for 2-3 weeks. If your eyes start to get tired during class, it is better to take a short break or repeat the exercise the next day.

Practice with Schulte tables

To train your peripheral vision, as well as the ability to quickly find information in text, you can download Schulte tables of various levels of complexity for free.

First level

The first level contains Schulte tables for children and beginners in speed reading. These tables have dimensions of 3x3 and 5x3. Such tables are available PRO — subscribers By link. If these tables are easy for you, it’s time to move to the second level.

Second level

The second level of Schulte tables contains traditional tables with twenty-five 5x5 cells. In addition, you can use online program for exercises with standard Schulte tables, which is given below. Download tables second level of difficulty.

Third level

The third level contains special Schulte tables for those who found the previous levels easy. Firstly, they have multi-colored matrices, including red-black tables (Gorbov’s Method). Secondly, large Schulte tables are presented here.

Such tables allow you to more effectively train peripheral vision, especially when fast reading from websites, magazines - sources not only with text, but also graphic information.