How beautiful they look curly hair! They make a woman a real coquette. Curly locks neatly frame her face and create a pretty bright image. But it is very difficult for lovely ladies to do such styling every day. It takes about an hour. How can this be? Submitting your hair to the power of chemicals? But this procedure significantly damages the hair. However, the problem can be solved without such harsh influence. Today, among hairdressing services, light perm - carving - is in great demand.

What is hair carving

Long straight hair has been in fashion for women for quite a long time. Today you can meet many representatives of the fair sex with beautiful curly hair. At the same time, women make curls on both long and long short hair. The hairdressing service of hair carving helps them a lot in this.

The name of the procedure came to us from English language. Carving is translated as follows: “curly carving” or “carved work”. This interpretation is very similar in perception to the effect obtained after the procedure. Carving is also called light perm.

So, carving means long-term wave styling that lasts on straight hair for about two months. She is the one who helps women have beautiful curls without spending a lot of time.

Carving is suitable for different lengths hair

At its core, carving is a perm, which is done using special products that do not have a harsh effect on the hair. During the procedure, the scalp is also not affected. This long-term perm helps many girls not only gain curls, but also get rid of lack of volume, unruliness and tangling of hair.

The procedure is carried out using special quality compounds. They are sold only in specialized outlets or on the Internet. Remember, in order not to harm your hair, hair carving products must be purchased from trusted stores.

Important! It must be remembered that hair after the carving procedure requires very careful care. Be sure to choose only hair products that do not contain sulfates, silicones and aggressive additives so that the effect lasts as long as possible. A repeated winner of natural cosmetics ratings is Mulsan cosmetic. This brand produces exclusively safe means without aggressive chemical components. All cosmetics are suitable for use after carving procedures, as well as after Botox and keratin straightening procedures. We confidently recommend the official online store mulsan.ru

What is hair carving and how is it done - video

Why do you need hair carving and how often can it be done?

In addition to the desire of the woman herself to have curls, carving can be resorted to in the following cases:

• if your hair is oily. The procedure will dry them well. After it, the need to wash your hair will arise less often;
• if your hair is coarse. After carving, the curls on your head will be much easier to style;
• if your hair is thin and unruly. After carving, the strands will look voluminous and wavy;
• if there is not enough time for daily styling;
• if you want to radically change your image.

Carving can be done every 2–3 months.

Carving on hair looks impressive

Benefits and harms, advantages and disadvantages of carving

Carving, as a procedure, has its positive and negative sides.

Advantages of the procedure

The advantages of carving include:

• gentle effect on hair;
• existence of several options long-term perm (small curls, medium curls and large curls);
• preservation of hair styling after carving for much longer;
• natural and very natural styling. Compared with chemistry, when carving, the hair does not look burnt;
• long-lasting effect: on regular hair, beautiful curls last 1–3 months, and on colored hair - for six months;
• no need to restore dry hair ends. Since the carving composition has a very gentle effect on the hair structure. The wavy effect will go away on its own over time;
• budget cost, so any woman can use the service.

Harmful effects and consequences of light perm

The disadvantages of carving include:

• the need to create a styling, the hairstyle does not always look perfect. You still have to apply force to it and apply styling products to your hair before shaping it;
• lack of pronounced curls. This effect can only be achieved with the help of biowave;
• an unexpected end to the carving effect is possible. Curls may straighten ahead of time or go away gradually;
• possible change in the shade of dyed hair after the procedure;
• no effect on very thick and thick hair;
• conservation unpleasant odor on the hair for some time.

Contraindications for long-term perm

There are situations when this modern procedure is not recommended:

• if a woman has brittle, damaged and also severely split hair;
• if the head has just been dyed with hair dye. You can safely go for light chemotherapy if two weeks have already passed, but if not, it’s better to wait;
• if a woman has a tendency to allergic reactions;
• when taking certain medications, in particular when treating with hormonal therapy;
• if your hair is dry and bleached. Women with other previous perms are at risk.

The procedure can be performed on pregnant women and nursing mothers. However, it should be remembered that chemical composition for curling it has a rather pungent smell.

The difference between hair carving and bio-curling, chemicals

Carving, bio- and chemical perm help create long-term styling. They only differ from each other in the following ways:

• less time to preserve the effect of carving compared to chemical or bio-perm;
• a more gentle effect on curls with light curling than with chemicals, since the composition of the carving does not penetrate into the hair structure itself;
• hair care during bio-curling, since the composition of the product used in this procedure includes the necessary biological protein, which is not found in carving and chemical products.

The choice of procedure will depend entirely on the woman’s wishes. Only she must decide what she needs: long-term styling, healthy hair or a gentle effect.

Types of hair carving

Carving is done in several versions. Main types:

• traditional perm. After it, the waves are distributed evenly along the entire length. To obtain curls, curlers are used, which are twisted on the hair;
• vertical curl. Instead of ordinary curlers, vertical curlers are used (or else they are called spiral). The curl is suitable for both short and long hair. The styling effect is mesmerizing: pronounced curly curls with amazing volume;
• texturing. This type is often used when you need to finalize some hairstyle. The result is always original. With the help of curlers, accents are made on the hair in the right places and thereby create a special style;
• local perm. This method is used when you want to lift your hair at the roots. For these purposes, the master does not wind the curlers along the entire length of the hair, but only at its base. This method also works in reverse. For example, when you only need to curl one end.

Features of the procedure for short, medium, long hair and possible combinations with haircuts

Light chemistry has its own characteristics. Of course, it is better to do the procedure in a salon. Specialists in their field will be able to perform carving neat and beautiful. It is not always possible to get the desired curls at home.

Before the procedure, be sure to take into account the length of your hair. Carving works best for medium hair. Of course, it can be done on short and long ones, you just need to choose the right curlers. For example, for very short hair, small curls wrapped in small bobbins are best.

For short hair, it is best to choose small curls

The thickness and thickness of the hair is also of particular importance in this procedure. Strong hair may not be able to be curled or will turn out differently beautiful effect. Carving is suitable for owners of thin and sparse strands - the hair will become voluminous and manageable.

Bangs always make your hairstyle unique. However, carving does not always go well with it. So, small curls are not suitable for bangs. But medium, soft waves will look good. An image with bangs can also be well decorated by curling just the ends.

For those with bangs, a light perm may not be suitable.

Carving without bangs is popular. In this version, the curls frame the woman’s face very beautifully, making the whole image much more interesting.

A bob haircut and carving are very suitable for each other. At the same time, the curls themselves can be either voluminous or very small. There may or may not be bangs.

Carving and cascading haircuts also look very good. This image will decorate a woman of any age.

Curls look impressive in combination with a cascading haircut

Types of curlers and curl sizes

To create carving, different types of curlers are used:

• volumetric. With their help they create very large curls. The result is romantic waves with good root volume;
• bobbins. The diameter of these devices is very small. Due to their size, they allow you to create African curls;
• spiral. These special bobbins are shaped like a spiral. They are always used for vertical curling. Practice has shown that spiral curls last longer than regular ones. These curlers allow you to create many curly curls that visualize volume well;
• boomerangs (rollers). They have different diameters and a special material - soft foam rubber with wire. Well suited for both large and small curls.

Types of curlers - photo

Volumetric curlers allow you to create large soft curls
Thanks to the bobbins, you get small, perky curls. Spiral curlers create the effect of waves on the hair.

Soft boomerang curlers are easy to use and can be used to create curls of any size.

Depending on the size of the curlers used, you can get different curls:

• large. To create them, take large-diameter curlers. The curls they produce are quite large;
• average. Here they take bobbins with a medium diameter. The result will delight its owner with airiness and fluffiness;
• small. To create them, only bobbins of very small diameter are suitable. The resulting volume is stunning.

What carving looks like with large, medium and small curlers - photo

Curling with large-diameter curlers allows you to get beautiful large curls Medium-sized curlers can be used on hair of different lengths and creates pronounced curls Curling with bobbins allows you to create small and very voluminous curls

How is carving done and how long does the procedure take?

Carving technology is not very complicated. Its technology is the same as perm. The entire process takes approximately 2–3 hours, depending on the characteristics of the woman’s hair. The whole procedure consists of the following steps:

1. Preparation. This stage, like others, will be carried out by a master in the salon. First, he selects the necessary curlers and prepares the preparation. Then he washes the client’s hair and lightly pats her hair with a towel. After this, the woman sits in a chair. The master covers her shoulders with a protective cloth and combs her hair well.
2. Hair styling. From the total mass of hair, the master selects only those strands that will need to be curled initially and winds them according to hairdressing techniques.
3. Application of a special composition. The hair is moistened with it after the curling of the hair is completed. Reagents allow the hair to hold curls for a long time.
4. Spin resistance. To create the desired effect, curled hair moistened with the composition is left alone for 10–20 minutes. Exact time exposure depends on the brand of the product. The master periodically checks how the process of obtaining a curl is going. To do this, he unwinds one curler at a time.
5. Flushing. When time has passed, the composition is washed off with warm water, without unwinding the curlers. Excess water just blot it.
6. Application of neutralizer. With its help, the curls are fixed in a given position.
7. Removing the curlers. The master spins all the curlers backwards.
8. Washing off the composition.
9. Drying hair with a hairdryer.

Composition of the preparation for carving

The main requirement for the composition is the absence of ammonia. The component thioglycolate is also prohibited. If these rules are followed, the carving product can be considered gentle.

The composition of the preparation for carving is different for all manufacturers. Those products that have more biological bases than chemical components are especially valued. This combination allows for a very gentle effect on the hair structure. Stylists recommend the following brands:

• London;
• L'Oreal;
• Schwarzkopf;
• Wella.

For example, Londa's long-term curling product allows you to get a clear curl in just 10 minutes. This is because it contains special fast-acting ingredients that the manufacturers intentionally included.

Among the popular brands, the following compositions can also be distinguished: Trendline from Goldwell, GOLDWELL, Indola and others.

How to properly do carving at home: step-by-step instructions

You can make your own carving at home. To complete it you will need:

• two bowls:
• curlers (shape and size as desired);
• two sponges, like for the kitchen;
• gloves (pair);
• two combs;
• a plastic cap or a piece of this material;
• cotton tourniquet;
• towel;
• a sheet or towel to cover your shoulders;
• elastic bands;
• chemical mixture for carving and fixer.

To create curls you must follow the following instructions:

1. Rinse your hair well and pat dry hair with a towel.
2. Comb your hair thoroughly.
3. Divide your hair into sections.
4. Curl the resulting strands with curlers.
5. Take the product from a pre-purchased set and blot your curlers with it.
6. After all your hair is wet, put a plastic cap on top and cover your head with a warm scarf (you can use a towel).
7. Check the instructions for the operating time of the composition and wait for it.
8. Wash your hair without shampoo; do not remove the curlers.
9. Apply the special fixative from the kit on top.
10. Unwind your hair and rinse your hair, again without shampoo.
11. Dry the resulting curls.

To keep your curls longer after home carving, you can use the following remedy: mix water and 5% vinegar until it tastes sour and rinse your hair with it.

Hair curling step by step - video

How long does the effect last after the procedure?

The effect of carving can last from one to six months (depending on the characteristics of the hair). But on average, brightly highlighted curls last 2-3 months. Over time, hair grows, so the shape of the curls themselves changes. They just start to fall off. However, carving can be repeated after 3-4 months.

To extend the life of light chemicals, you need to properly care for your hair. Here are some tips:

• After the procedure itself, it is necessary to allow the hair to remember the shape that it was just given. For these purposes, it is not advisable to use a hair dryer when drying. You just need to dry your curls naturally or, as a last resort, use a diffuser;
• after the procedure, do not wash your hair for two days;
• when combing, use only wide-toothed combs;
• replace your shampoo with a special product for textured hair;
• constantly use balms, nourishing masks and other effective care products. They will significantly improve the condition of your hair;
• dry your hair carefully after washing, blot rather than wring;
• dry your hair daily only naturally;
• Do not go to bed if your hair is wet or damp. They should be dried first;
• Do not use products that contain alcohol. This component harms both the curl and the hair itself.

After curling, it is best to dry your hair naturally; in extreme cases, you can use a hair dryer with a diffuser attachment

If a lady wants to create a natural style on her head, then she will need to apply a little hair foam to a light perm and dry it with a diffuser. You can also style your head using large curlers.

If a woman suddenly has a desire to straighten her curls, she can do this with the help of a straightening iron. Just before styling, you will need to apply a protective product to your hair. You can also dry your hair with a hairdryer, stretching out curly hair using brushing.

To make the look perfect, you need to know how to style your hair after carving.

1. Be sure to use the following tools: moisturizing lotion, comb, foam or mousse, hair dryer with a diffuser attachment;
2. First, wash your hair. Use a special shampoo, and make a nourishing mask every seven days;
3. Dry your hair with a towel, or rather just pat it dry;
4. Gently comb your hair;
5. Apply the fixative, slightly away from the hair roots.
6. Start styling your curls using a hairdryer and comb.
7. If you need to straighten your curls a little, then when styling, lightly pull the comb down or use a straightening iron.
8. You can also use styling for curly hair.

Indola curl product perfectly defines curls

How to style curly hair - video

How to care for your hair after perming

According to many girls, after carving, hair becomes a little harsh and unruly. Therefore, some ladies, after the wavy effect ends, simply cut them off. To mitigate the effects of carving you need to:

• periodically cut the ends for complete hair restoration;
• use only special hair care products;
• use combs with natural bristles.

It is not difficult to decide on a perm, but after the decision comes the moment of choosing the type of hairstyle, as well as the type of means for carrying out the manipulations. A detailed description will help you understand what hair chemicals are available and learn about their classification and characteristics.

Women's hair stories vary. Some cherish naturalness, do not dye their hair, do not manipulate it, while others are happy to succumb to the provocations of hairdressers and sign up for sessions to improve their appearance. Manufacturers, taking care of each listed category, created different types hair chemicals to meet your needs.

The type of curls is selected upon request based on the structure of the face, lifestyle, as well as the length and density of the curls. Hairdressers offer the use of different-sized bobbins, curlers, rollers or boomerangs. To create a unique image, the simultaneous use of 2-3 types of curling devices is allowed. This guarantees a non-trivial hairstyle.

Choosing a composition is a complex process that requires the knowledge and experience of a master. Therefore, it is recommended to contact only a professional hairdresser who will help you decide.

It is advisable to have an understanding of curling products; this will help you remain a participant in the procedure, and not a mute observer.

Acid chemistry

Perm performed with acid-based products has gained recognition and popularity due to the durability of the result; it keeps curls tight for up to six months. Acid chemistry cannot be called 100% safe; during manipulation, the hair experiences stress and its strength characteristics decrease. However, it is worth noting that the composition, penetrating inside the hair shaft, does not deform the cuticle, which helps maintain the shine and softness of the strands.

The formation of curls occurs under the influence of glyceryl monothioglycolate, its pH fluctuates between 7 and 7.2. The active component is “switched on” to work using heat treatment twisted strands. The increased temperature enhances the penetrating properties of glyceryl, ensuring the creation of strong, tight curls.

Manufacturers note that acid solutions do not cause swelling of the hair cuticles, but their use is limited. It is forbidden to use this type of hair that is dry or brittle. The components of the composition negatively affect hair of this type, stretching it along its length, which enhances the negative characteristics of curls.

Alkaline hair curling

For alkaline chemistry, products with a pH level between 8 and 9.5 are used. This view perm considered an effective way to tame unruly hair, guaranteeing neat, bouncy curls for 3 months.

During curling, after applying the solution to the curls, ammonium thioglycolate penetrates into the hair, opening the cuticles. This allows you to model curls quickly and efficiently. At the same time, the impact high temperatures not required, the components act on the hair independently. However, it is worth remembering that when using alkaline chemistry, you must adhere to the time frame specified by the manufacturer in the instructions for use. Violation of the specified exposure time leads to deterioration of the hair condition, as well as burns. skin heads.

Alkaline curling is classified as gentle, but this is a disadvantage. It is not able to provide lasting results on overly straight or hard strands. On such hair, the curls are soft and unwind in 1-2 months.

Like other types of curls, alkaline curling requires strict adherence to the instructions, as well as the technology. An inexperienced master is unable to control the level of curl tension, which plays a major role during the procedure. The alkali promotes the swelling of each hair, which leads to an increase in the volume of the strand on the bobbin or curler. If the curl is twisted too tightly, this leads to destruction of the distribution of the solution, which entails uneven curling, as well as destruction of the structure and fragility.

If the conditions are correctly met, the procedure using alkaline solutions gives the effect of naturalness and naturalness of curls.

Details

Modern types of perm

Women strive throughout their lives to create, change and improve their style. Perm is one of the ways to try yourself in a new role. Playful curls are a dream for those with straight hair.

The perm is designed to transform straight hair into elastic and curly hair. It was very popular in the 70s of the last century, in particular because fashion trends. Then women all over the USSR tried to turn their hair into a shock of springs, without thinking whether it would suit them or not.

Today, this procedure has become not only more gentle, but also more deliberate. Women don't wait in line at beauty salons to ruin their hair with acid and look like poodles. Modern perm has become more aesthetically pleasing, and the materials used for it have become of higher quality.

Who is contraindicated for

Reagents, affecting the hair and scalp, can affect well-being and general condition. To avoid unpleasant consequences, chemistry should not be done:

• pregnant women and nursing mothers;
• taking hormonal drugs;
• for allergy sufferers;
• who dyed their hair less than two weeks ago.

On my own behalf, I can add that ladies with thin and brittle hair should in every possible way avoid any chemical effects on their precious hair. Curling, straightening and even dyeing can completely ruin already damaged curls.

Types of perm

May be carried out in various ways, depending on the reagents in the composition of the product.

Acidic

(Cost: 3000-4000 rub.)

This is the oldest curling method, dating back to the 60-70s, but improved for greater safety. Today, the preparations contain much less thioglycolic acid, which allows it to cause less damage to the hair.

Advantage acid chemistry is that the reagent does not damage the hair cortex, affecting only the internal structure. It stays on your hair for up to 6 months and allows you to choose any type and size of curls.

Minus The problem is that you won’t be able to get rid of such curls ahead of time, since the effect of the acid goes away entirely on its own.

This kind not suitable for those with thin and brittle hair or dry scalp. The chemical may be harmful to the skin. But for dense and hard strands it is preferable.

Many well-known companies produce compositions for it. For example, the Joico company offers the K-Pak Waves line with a reconstructive base, care and permanent in one package.

Alkaline

(Price: 1500-2000 rub.)

Alkaline perm lasts on the hair for three months, sometimes less. Its advantage is that the curls are as natural looking as possible. The effect of alkali is reduced to damage to the cortex and destruction of the gray bridges of the hair, which leads to the formation of elastic curls.

This type of chemistry is more gentle than the previous one, but not recommended for those with coarse and heavy hair. This chemistry won't last long on them. Another advantage of this method is its low cost.

To carry out the procedure, it is better to use formulations from Eugene Perma. This is a French company that offers four types of products with different strengths on the hair. One of them is Attentive - a standard composition. Creates bouncy, moving curls. Bio-extender Marin is a product for creating feminine, well-groomed curls with algae extract. Toniform is a slightly alkaline composition for creating soft curls.

Amino acid

(Cost: 2000-5000 rub.)

Amino acid curling products contain proteins and amino acids that nourish the hair while turning it into a natural curl. It can be used on damaged strands.

Advantage this method in its positive effect on hair. After two or three sessions of the procedure, you get soft and restored hair.

Minus amino acid chemistry in its fragility. The curls last a maximum of two months. On long hair it won’t work; their weight will straighten the curls. This method has no disadvantages, but only ladies with thin or short hair can use it.

One of the varieties of amino acid chemistry is Japanese, code-named “silk wave”. With its help you can soothe fluffy, severely damaged hair and restore its structure.

The Italian company SHOT produces products that are successfully used in beauty salons by professional stylists.

Neutral

(Price: 4000-7000 rub.)

Neutral chemistry is an alternative to the previous one. Suitable for any hair type, lasts up to six months in rare cases. The standard period is 3 months. The products do not contain aggressive substances, so every young lady can use such chemicals.

Minus This method is that for hair care you will need to use special means with zero ph level. Otherwise, your curls may lose their look before you have a chance to enjoy them enough.

The French company Eugene Perma offers permanent Volubilis with a neutral pH level. Goldwell also offers Evolution neutral curling products.

Bubble

This rather a way applying the composition. The mixture is placed in a mixer and whipped until foam forms, after which it is applied to hair curled in curlers. The head is covered with plastic wrap or a cap. This method is suitable for owners oily hair. The French discovered twenty years ago that bubble chemistry shrinks pores on the surface of the scalp and prevents the secretion of sebum. The price of such chemicals depends on the chosen composition: acidic, alkaline, bio.

Biological

(Price: 2000-6000 rub.)

It is generally considered to be the most gentle. The mixture contains natural ingredients, so the hair remains as healthy as it was originally.

The technology was first used by Italian stylists. Today, biological perm compositions consist of more than two-thirds of a protein related to hair protein - cysteine. This ensures reliable fixation of natural curls, shine and a restorative effect.

Validity period is up to six months. At the same time, you get long-lasting, bouncy curls.

Kemon offers a series of bio-perms containing nutritional components for hair. The series includes Figure, Multiform, Ond'Erbe and Unamy Texture products. Paul Mitchell offers a whole series of bio-curling products. Each product creates a specific type of curl.

The chemistry may also differ in the methods of applying the composition and the type of hair curled in curlers. The cost of the work also varies depending on its method.

Price for perm

Today, all types of perms are combined with biological ones. You can find biological alkaline perm or biological acid perm, but neither method is used in its pure form. The price of a perm depends largely on the length of the hair.

The minimum cost for short hair is 2,000 rubles, the maximum price can reach five figures, up to 14,000 rubles for long curls using crimps or to create African curls.

Curling products

The undisputed leader in the hair cosmetics market remains the German giant Schwarzkopf. The only company that is actively fighting it is Wella. L'Oreal can compete with its two sisters in arms.

These dinosaurs of the cosmetics business have put their hands into research laboratories and can afford to produce products for every taste and whim.

For biological perm, products from Estel, Paul Mitchell and Moss are also used. The funds of these companies are more expensive, but they offer the same quality as the three named major players.

In any case, it is better to do chemistry in a salon. Curling your hair with curlers yourself in front of the bathroom mirror cannot be compared with the risk of using chemical reagents.

Expert opinion

Stylists in beauty salons know what shampoos and masks should be used, and can advise professional cosmetics stores and where these same products can be purchased. Many masters are ready to sell you products from their personal supplies and sometimes cheaper than in these stores.

Create your image without risk and stay beautiful!

Each substance has a set of individual physical and chemical properties. The most common quantities characterizing them are melting point, boiling point, hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity, solubility, thermodynamic characteristics, parameters crystal lattice etc.

Classification of substances

It is important to distinguish between individual substances and mixtures. A pure (individual) substance consists of particles of one type and has a constant composition that can be expressed by a single chemical formula. A mixture always consists of two or more individual compounds. For example, milk is a solution containing several substances, and water is an individual substance. If the mixture consists of liquid substances, it is called a solution; if it consists of solid substances, it is called an alloy.

A common example of an alloy is the material from which gold jewelry is made. In this case, the fineness of a gold product means the mass of pure gold contained in 1 kg of such a product. For example, 1 kg of gold jewelry with a purity of 750 contains 750 g of pure gold, the remaining 250 g are impurities, such as copper, iron, palladium, etc.

An example of a mechanical mixture can be easily prepared at home: you need to take salt and sugar, grind them finely and mix. You will get (if mixed well) a homogeneous mixture of two white substances.

SIMPLE AND COMPLEX CONNECTIONS

Individual atoms, as a rule, are unstable; they combine with each other, forming molecules, which are the smallest particles of a substance that have its properties. Thus, chemical elements are part of simple and complex substances.

Definition

Simple substances consist of atoms of only one chemical element, and the composition complex substances include atoms of different elements.

Simple substances can be monatomic, for example iron Fe, copper Cu, aluminum Al, or they can be polyatomic - ozone $O_3$ (the molecule consists of three oxygen atoms), nitrogen $N_2$ (the molecule consists of two nitrogen atoms), white phosphorus $ P_4$ (the molecule consists of four phosphorus atoms).

Russian names of elements and simple substances are often the same, which can cause confusion. So, in the phrase, “oxygen is part of water” we're talking about about oxygen atoms, that is, about a chemical element, and in the phrase “plants release oxygen in the light” - about the simple substance oxygen, consisting of $\mathrm(O_2)$ molecules. Chemical elements, that is certain types atoms are capable of entering into chemical reactions. Thus, free oxygen atoms combine into molecules. But the most common chemical reactions are between more complex particles - molecules or ions.

Simple substances, in turn, are divided into metals and non-metals. It is very easy to determine which element belongs to metals and which to non-metals: you need to remember the diagonal in the periodic system boron (B) - astatine (At).

In the lower left corner there are metals, in the upper right - non-metals.

Complex substances are divided into inorganic and organic. TO organic matter mainly include compounds of carbon with hydrogen, as well as with oxygen, nitrogen and other heteroatoms. For more details, see the section “The concept of organic matter”.

A more detailed classification of complex substances is quite extensive and is divided into separate topics: “Classification and nomenclature of inorganic substances” and “Classification of organic substances”.

- the most common type of perm, its classic composition, which is found in almost every brand of professional hair cosmetics. It is the most powerful and effective, but at the same time it can easily damage the hair and has an unpleasant odor.

Acid perm

Acid perm is another type of perm, much less popular. This type of perm has a different active ingredient than alkaline perm. This feature slightly changes the properties of the perm composition, making it slower and softer.

Acid-balanced perm

Acid-balanced perm is a direct descendant of acid perm. You could even say that this is a softer modification of it. The composition of the perm is very similar to acid perm, however, in this type of perm the pH is 7.8-8.2 and it works at room temperature. This made the curl easier to apply and more durable.

This type of perm can be recommended for porous, weakened and damaged hair, as well as for obtaining curls and waves close to natural. On hair with normal structure, it gives a weaker result.

Neutral perm

Neutral perm or it is also called weakly alkaline or buffered alkaline perm. This type of perm is made on the basis of ordinary alkaline and uses the same active chemical component - ammonium thioglycolate. However, to make it softer and less aggressive than its ancestor, the pH of this curl was reduced to 7-8.5. To achieve this, the content of alkaline substances, such as ammonia and ethanolamine, was reduced in the composition of the curling iron. To ensure that the curling does not lose its effectiveness, the buffer substance ammonium bicarbonate was added to its composition, which maintains the product necessary for the operation during the entire holding time.

Indeed, such a change in the composition of the perm allowed us to obtain a softer product, which took an intermediate position between fine and acid perms, combining all the advantages of one and the other variety in its composition. Neutral curling works more evenly than its predecessors on hair with an uneven structure, allowing you to get a good result. However, this curling option changes about 30% of the disulfide bonds, resulting in a fairly weak curl. And despite all attempts to prevent damage to the hair structure, this product still damages the hair and special hair care will still be needed after use.

Perms without thioglycolic acid are the youngest type of perms that give a very light “natural” wave. They use analogues of thioglycolates, which have a name similar to cysteine. This makes it possible to often confuse clients by imagining the naturalness and naturalness of the procedure being carried out. It is worth noting that the deceivers also benefit from the fact that the smell of such drugs can be suppressed with fragrances and the compositions themselves often smell pleasant.

Biosavik for hair

Biohair curler is the most controversial hair curling product. This is a successful marketing ploy by one of the cosmetics suppliers, which has gained enormous popularity due to the desire of customers to have curled hair, but not damage it.