Lesson in the senior group “Folk holidays in Rus'. Russian folk holidays and rituals Holiday "Broad Maslenitsa"
Slavic Christmastide is popularly known as a fortnight of fortune telling and magical rituals. This week starts the year Orthodox calendar. It includes the holidays of Christmas, Old New Year, Epiphany.
These days, young people are wondering about their betrothed. Ritual caroling, sowing, mummering, visiting, rituals for well-being and fertility take place. It is believed that these days the presence of spirits among people is especially significant, so the future opens up.
From the end of December, daylight began to increase, people associated this with the victory of good over evil. Therefore, on the holy days after Christmas, joy reigned everywhere, unbridled fun, communication, songs and festivities with a hearty meal and sincere conversations.
On holy days, hunting animals and birds is prohibited.
Nativity of Christ - the second significant holiday Orthodoxy. It is also noted at the state level. This date according to the Gregorian calendar commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. In Rus', this holiday, in addition to the traditional Christmas tree and the previous fast, acquired special Slavic features and was replenished with rites and rituals:
· Conclusion of contracts. From Christmas to Maslenitsa, new annual contracts were concluded between merchants. During this period, business people sought to take stock and close last year's obligations in order to begin new contractual relationships.
· Burning of the sheaf. Christmas also ended the agricultural year. In the fall, during the harvest, the owner chose the best sheaf and placed it under the icon in the red corner of the home. On Christmas Eve, this gift was burned as a sign of new hope for the future harvest. On Christmas and Holy Days, people looked towards a better future. Everyone tried to wear and buy beautiful clothes, cook the most delicious and satisfying food, give expensive gifts. Generosity of actions attracted generosity of fate and new hope.
· Nativity scene and Kolyada. From Europe to Russia came the custom of theatrical performances associated with the birth of the infant Christ, the so-called dens. In Russian villages they transformed into processions of mummers and puppet theaters in squares. True, Orthodoxy forbade the use of dolls of the Virgin Mary and Christ; they were replaced with icons.
Kolyada (glorification) is the custom of coming to neighbors with a song glorifying the Nativity of Christ. The costumed artists were rewarded with tasty treats, pies were specially baked and sweets were prepared.
· Christmas Eve. The day before Christmas is called Christmas Eve after the Lenten porridge with honey, nuts and poppy seeds. Before the first star, we ate nothing else that day. The girls were wondering about their betrothed. After dinner on Christmas Eve, according to custom, the owner collected all the remaining food from the table and took it to his pets to share with them the joy of the birth of the Savior.
The Nativity Fast ended with the rise of the first star into the sky, which marked the birth of the baby Jesus. The most hearty food was prepared for this holiday. The dishes consisted of large pieces of meat, fish and poultry baked in the oven. All pastries were also prepared with meat filling. The famous rolls, kulebyaki, pancakes and pies decorated the Christmas table.
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January 19
EPICPANY EVE
Dedicated to the event of the baptism of Jesus Christ in the Jordan. Baptism was performed by John the Baptist. Traditionally, on this day of purification, people purify themselves with water. For Epiphany bathing, blessed fonts and ice holes are usually created. In addition, on this day all water is considered sacred. They drink the water blessed in the church on this day on an empty stomach, and also store it in the Red Corner of the house all year, using it for consecrations and healings. During Epiphany bathing you need to plunge headlong three times, saying the prayer: “In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit.”
On this day you cannot do laundry or work. The Feast of Epiphany is intended for humility and cleansing of mental and physical impurities. Thoughts are directed towards unity, tolerance, mutual assistance, gratitude to God and people, peace of mind and peace.
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February, during the week before Lent
CARNIVAL
Maslenitsa is a farewell to winter and preparation for welcoming spring, Lent and Easter. This week begins with Sunday, called the “meat plot.” This is the last meat day until Easter. Pancakes are baked all week as a symbol of the solar disk. These days people go to visit with their pancakes and greet them with pancakes. In addition to pancakes, they bake gingerbread cookies, brew honey sbitni and beer, and drink liters of tea. The samovar always had to be hot.
Sledding and sleigh rides are a tribute to the fallen snow and winter. Her image in the form of a straw effigy of Maslenitsa is burned in rural and city squares. This week is marked by wild festivities, songs, theatrical performances of cheerful buffoons, and funny fights. Parsley, my love folk doll, makes the audience laugh and entertains. Young people try to show themselves in all their beauty and decoration. These days, when all the people are on the streets, couples are being looked for.
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First Sunday after the full moon after March 21
EASTER
Favorite Christian holiday in honor of the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
This day is the first after a long fast. In the morning, people greet each other with the special words “Christ is risen!”, and in response: “Truly he is risen!” After the greeting, they kiss three times and exchange Easter eggs.
Housewives paint boiled eggs, bake tall Easter cakes and sweet curd Easter cakes. All holiday food is first blessed in the church. People love to play breaking boiled eggs.
It is customary to send beautiful Easter cards Congratulations.
A favorite Easter game is egg rolling. The games begin on the first day of Easter and last throughout Bright Week. One game could last several hours. Wooden copies of painted eggs are made especially for the game. The egg is rolled down a not steep hill on a plank or towel. At the bottom, all participants place their eggs in a semicircle. The goal is to knock down one of these eggs. If you knock it down, then you take the knocked egg and continue the game, if not, then you give way to another and put your egg below.
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First Sunday after Easter
RED HILL
For the Slavs, the Red Hill holiday means the full arrival of spring. At this time, nature begins to bloom, trees and grasses sprout new green shoots. On Krasnaya Gorka, girls perform round dances, young people organize fun and competitions: tug-of-war, funny fights, swing rides. Young people choose hills that have dried out from the spring waters, sing songs, dance and perform spring spells, and all together celebrate the sunrise. Among the dishes, it is customary to treat yourself to dishes with scrambled eggs.
It is customary to have weddings at this time. A wedding on Krasnaya Gorka is good omen for newlyweds.
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Before the change in chronology, the holiday coincided with the days summer solstice, the maximum flourishing of nature, the victory of light over darkness. For example, in the Baltic countries this holiday (Ligo) is celebrated according to the old style on June 23-24.
With the advent of Christianity, this day is also dedicated to John the Baptist. Therefore, according to both traditions, this holiday is dedicated to water.
Preparations begin on July 6, the day of Agrafena the Bathing Suit. Girls and women prepare bath brooms for the whole year. On this day, traditionally, the baths are heated. Young guys pour water on all passers-by and fellow villagers.
In the evening, young people gather in the clearing, start fires, and compete in jumping over the fire. Girls use plantain grass to tell fortunes about their betrothed and send wreaths of wild herbs and flowers down the river.
Wells were traditionally cleaned of silt and dirt. In some villages it was customary to ride on rye. It is considered a good sign to swim either in a bathhouse or in a pond.
According to popular belief, on the day of the summer solstice, water unites with fire. Therefore, fires are lit on the banks of rivers and lakes. Also, according to legend, happiness awaits the one who finds a fern flower, supposedly blooming only on this night.
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July 8
PETER AND FEVRONIA'S DAY
This is a folk Orthodox holiday in honor of family, love and fidelity. Named in honor of Prince Peter and his wife Fevronia, a girl from a simple family. Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom are the patrons of family and marital devotion. It is customary to get engaged on this day.
The symbol of pure love in Russia is the chamomile flower. Therefore, there is a tradition of telling fortunes about your future spouse using a chamomile. Now there is a special medal for the most faithful married couples. On one side there is a chamomile, and on the other there are images of Peter and Fevronia.
According to tradition, on this day the peasants have their first mowing and all the water spirits go to sleep deep into the reservoirs. Therefore, it was allowed to swim without looking back.
On the day of Peter and Fevronia, the weather for the next 40 days is determined. If July 8 is clear, then clear and fine days are ahead.
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The holiday is dedicated to the prophet Elijah. This day is also revered by the Slavs as a holiday of the ancient thunder god Perun.
This is the day of warriors and farmers. By this day, you need to finish making hay and harvesting. In addition, this is the holiday of Perun - this is the beginning of preparing fields for planting winter crops.
Perun is the patron saint of warriors; this is a holiday for the defenders and rulers of the people. On this day, men's competitions in strength, agility and martial arts are held.
In the evening, men drink beer and kvass around the fire; the preferred dishes are beef, lamb and cottage cheese.
Starting from this day, cold air begins to envelop the earth, reservoirs are covered with duckweed, and the first yellow leaves are noticed on birch trees. This day is considered the closing of the swimming season. “Ilya has come, autumn says: Here I am!”
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The beginning of the Assumption Lent opens with the Honey or Poppy Spas. On this day, peasants begin to collect honey. It is customary to first consecrate the sweet delicacy in church. On honey saved You can't eat meat and fish. Traditional dishes: pancakes with honey, poppy seed cakes and mead.
At Poppy Spas, women and girls are forgiven all mistakes if they ask for it with a pure heart. Often in villages people pour blessed honey into a large vessel, and everyone can dip white bread into it, congratulating each other.
On this day, charitable assistance to poor and starving people is especially welcomed. They are given gifts and treated to baked goods and honey. It is customary to help widows and orphans with housework: cleaning the house, fixing houses, donating utensils and clothes.
From this day the first harvest begins.
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The Feast of First Fruits is associated with the ripening of apples. Since the holiday falls on the Dormition Fast, fruits are the main food these days. Apples are used to bake fragrant pies and make jam. Each housewife should have her own special apple pie recipe with which she should surprise her guests.
Apples are blessed in the church in the morning. When finishing an apple illuminated in a church, it is customary to make a wish.
Our ancestors guessed the weather based on this day. If the weather was dry and warm on Yablochny Spas, a mild winter was expected. But if it rained, you need to prepare for a harsh winter.
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Old Slavic holiday of the approach of autumn. On this holiday, it is customary to celebrate housewarming, the lighting of a new fire, rites of tonsure, funeral of flies and legends about sparrows.
Starting a fire. On Semenov's day they extinguished all the fire in the house. They left only the flame of the lamp near the icons. From this fire, a new fire was kindled in the morning, which symbolized the beginning of the next cycle of the element of fire. A renewal was taking place, attracting happiness and prosperity to the house.
The tradition of burying flies is an ancient custom that means farewell to summer. Sweeping flies out of the house meant getting rid of quarrels and everyday troubles.
Semyonov's day begins Indian summer. From that day on, they no longer mow the grass. On this day it is not customary to work in the fields, and at night before the onset of cold weather the sparrows that need to survive the snowy winter are counted by spirits.
Semenov's day is also associated with the ancient custom of tonsure. For initiation into men, boys who reached the age of three had a small lock of hair cut off from the top of their heads. Godfather puts the child on the horse and leads him out, holding the horse by the bridle. From this moment on, the child is considered a future warrior and the father of the family; predominantly men are involved in his upbringing.
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This holiday is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It is believed that she covers the ground with snow, like her scarf. On this day, it is customary to feed and treat stray animals and feed birds with bread.
On the Day of the Intercession, it is customary to have fun and smile at everyone you meet. To save children from illnesses, on this day they are taken outside the threshold and doused with water from a large sieve.
Everyone who comes to the house should be fed delicious pancakes. Women take up needlework: embroider, spin and sew. They sing songs and laugh a lot.
On this holiday, a special Pokrovsky loaf is baked. You need to feed it to your loved ones, friends and neighbors, and save the leftovers and crumbs until Lent.
And, of course, on this day everyone asks the Mother of God for the protection and prosperity of the family.
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The custom of celebrating the New Year in Russia on January 1 appeared simultaneously with the New Year tree on 1799.
New Year became a family holiday. The biggest feast is organized on this day. How you celebrate the New Year is how you will live it. Therefore, before celebrating the New Year, you need to forget about your problems, make peace with your loved ones and friends, and ask for forgiveness from everyone who was offended. Pay off all material debts, fulfill everything promised. Throw away unnecessary things and thoughts and promise yourself to become better next year.
New Year's gifts, a decorated house and Christmas tree, ice skating, colorful fireworks and fabulous performances, beautiful outfits and Christmas films, corporate events, children's costume performances and New Year holidays, abundant food, congratulations to all friends and relatives are the most favorite customs of Russian people on the New Year holiday.
Share your signs and customs on our pages.
Yulia Voronyanskaya
Subject:
« Folk holidays in Rus'»
Health saving technologies:
Technologies for preserving and promoting health
Aesthetic technologies
Outdoor and sports games
Music influence technologies
Educational areas:
Social and communicative development,
Cognitive development,
Speech development,
Artistic and aesthetic development
Target:
Introducing children to traditional culture, creating conditions for the formation of interest in the traditions and customs of their native people.
Tasks:
Educational
Introduce children to traditions celebrations Day of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Christmas, Maslenitsa, Ivan Kupala, folk signs , rituals.
Developmental
Develop memory, thinking, recreating imagination (the ability to mentally imagine the times and living conditions of society in ancient times) Rus',interest in folk culture, the need for information.
Formation of communication skills with cultural heritage.
Educational
Upbringing moral qualities, love for the native land, folk art, To folk games.
Preliminary work:
learning by heart carols, poems about folk holidays, proverbs, ditties, folk signs.
Age: preparatory children groups 5-6 years old
Materials and equipment:
candle, star, straw effigy, green blanket, calendar, gifts for carolers.
1. Organizational moment.
Educator:
Hello, dear guests. We are glad to see you as our guest.
"For the dear guest, the gates are wide open."
Children enter (3 people each) under Russian adv. melody. Line up in a semicircle.
Educator: Guys, many guests came to us today, let’s say hello to them, like in ancient times with a bow.
2. Opening remarks.
Educator: Our ancestors loved and knew how to have fun. Russian people loved and love holidays. They loved to treat guests heartily and tasty. They talked: “Help yourself to what God sent you”, “A hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies”,
They sang songs and danced. Do you guys love holidays? Why? Which ones do you know holidays?
Children: Yes. Holidays are magical and fun. New Year, Christmas, Easter...
Educator: Well done, you know a lot holidays, which have been known since the time of our ancestors. Who do you think the ancestors are?
Children: Ancestors are those people who lived before us.
Educator: Our ancestors are Russian people, they lived on Rus' - always revered holidays, But celebrated them differently, not like us, modern people. Do you want to know how?
Children: Yes.
Educator: Then let's take you on a trip to the past. You ask how? On a magic sleigh. Sit down, let's go back in time. Let's go! (Music)
It's winter on ID Rus'.
3. Conversation about Christmas.
And so, guys, you and I and our guests ended up in Ancient Rus'. Russian people have always been able to work well and have fun. Many different holidays they had and they were divided into great, medium and small. Some were celebrated annually and on the same days, others - annually, but on different dates of the month. Among these holidays people highlighted the greatest and most beloved. And so that we don’t get confused in them, let’s create our own calendar of the ancients holidays.
Educator: Tell me, what time of year does our year begin now? (Winter).Right. And our ancestors began the year in winter. And the most beloved and famous winter holiday is christmas.
Why this that's what the holiday is called? (Children's answers).
(The overhead lights turn off, candles are lit, quiet music sounds. The candle is lit. .)
Educator: Christmas is religious holiday. The word Christmas itself suggests that someone was born. The birth of a child is always good news. According to biblical legend, on January 7, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was born to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the city of Bethlehem.
The news of the birth of Jesus was carried by heavenly angels. The Star of Bethlehem appeared in the sky. Christmas - holiday of believers in Christ. This is the expectation of happiness, peace, home warmth and family harmony.
Do you know other traditions of this holiday? (children's answers)
Educator: That's right, these are gifts for relatives and friends; cards, sweets, souvenirs.
Educator: Our grandparents love this one very much holiday- Christmas. It is also called winter holidays. Christmas time - this is from the word "saint". This the holiday was glorified, praised, glorified Christ, the New Year, the future harvest. The boys and girls dressed up animals: goat, bear, unclean force: Babu Yaga, kikimora, etc. They went home in groups, congratulations on holiday, wished the best with special songs - carols.
4. Perception of folklore.
Educator:(Knock on the door. Preparatory children groups sing carols).
Educator: Carolers certainly get something edible: sweets, nuts and special ritual cookies, they were called kozuli - they were always prepared in every home for this occasion. These dough figures must be eaten right there, making a wish.
Educator: So, guys, what the holiday in Rus' was celebrated in winter? What's his name celebrated?
That's how fun it is celebrated. Christmas. Let's mark winter on our calendar Christmas holiday.
Educator: What time of year comes after winter? (Spring)
5. Conversation about Maslenitsa.
Who knows which one celebrated the holiday at the end of winter and at the beginning of spring (Carnival)
Maslenitsa was called broad and cheerful. (View presentation)
Maslenitsa - holiday farewell to winter and welcome to spring. Maslenitsa is so named because before Lent, Russian people ate cow's butter, on which pancakes, pancakes, and flatbreads were fried. Damn looks like the sun. The sun is a symbol of the end of winter. Why not use them? ate: with butter, with honey. We celebrated Maslenitsa for 7 days. All days, all week people had fun, laughed, sang songs, walked, went to visit. On the last day of the week, Sunday, people asked each other for forgiveness. A scarecrow made of straw (Showing the stuffed animal) they took it out into the street and burned it - this is how they parted with everything bad, with all the troubles and difficulties. While burning the effigy, people sang songs and had fun.
Do you like to have fun?
Then let's play Russian folk game "Burn, burn clearly"
Number of players: even
Additionally: No
The players line up in pairs one after another - in a column. Players join hands and raise them up, forming "gates". The last couple passes "under the gate" and stands in front, followed by the next couple. "Burning" stands in front, 5-6 steps from the first pair, with his back to them. All participants sing or sentenced:
Burn, burn clearly
So that it doesn't go out!
Look at the sky
Birds are flying
The bells are ringing:
Ding-dong, ding-dong,
Run out quickly!
At the end of the song, two players, being in front, scatter in different directions, the rest chorus shouting:
One, two, don't be a crow,
And run like fire!
"Burning" tries to catch up with those running. If the players manage to grab each other's hands before one of them gets caught "burning", then they stand in front of the column, and "burning" catches again, i.e. "burning". What if "burning" catches one of the runners, then he stands with him, and the player left without a pair leads.
Educator: So, guys, what the holiday in Rus' was celebrated with weights? What's his name celebrated?
Educator:And we’ll mark one more on the calendar folk holiday"Maslenitsa"
Educator: It’s getting warmer and you and I get out of the sleigh into a green clearing. What time of year has come after spring? (Summer)
7. Story about holiday"Ivana Kupala"
Educator:In the summer our ancestors honored Ivan Kupala holiday. (View presentation) Kupala is the oldest sun thanksgiving holiday, ripeness of summer and green mowing. Name holiday“Ivan Kupala” comes from the words - immerse in water.
Therefore, on this day they pour water on each other, bathe in the river, make fires, sing songs, tell fortunes, and dance in circles.
8. Round dance. So you and I will join in a round dance.
Round dance "Ivana Kupala""Cabbage
Educator: So, guys, what the holiday in Rus' was celebrated in the summer? What's his name celebrated?
Educator: We continue to compile our calendar national holidays. Summer-Ivan Kupala.
Educator. After summer comes autumn.
9. A story about autumn holidays.
In autumn on Rus' celebrated the holiday Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, October 14. This is very revered holiday in Rus'. After all, the Mother of God is considered the patroness of the Russian land, our intercessor and helper. IN people This day was considered the meeting of autumn and winter. They called this one Feast of the Intercession from the word“Cover”, because during this period the ground was covered with the first snow, like a blanket. Around these days, they began to heat the huts, the cattle were no longer driven out to pasture, all field and garden work was completed, and spinners and weavers began to work.
On Russian holiday The Intercession has long been associated with the beginning of winter and dedicated to it sayings: “On Pokrov the earth is covered with snow and covered with frost”, “On Pokrov it’s autumn before lunch, and after lunch it’s winter-winter”
On October 14, the autumn fairs of Pokrovsk began, cheerful, plentiful, bright. Here you could see everything with which the earth thanked people for their hard work. There was a brisk trade in vegetables, fruits, bread, honey and other goods. Showed off their skills craftsmen
On Pokrov, the harmonica played in the villages until the morning, and boys and girls walked along the streets in a crowd and sang cheerful, daring ditties.
10. Ditties.
Our children also sing them with pleasure. (Ditties)
Educator: So, guys, what the holiday in Rus' was celebrated in the fall? What's his name celebrated?
Educator:This is where our calendar ends. Autumn- holiday of the Intercession. And it's time for us to say goodbye. And the calendar holidays we will definitely add new ones holidays, which we will get to know further on classes. Goodbye.
References.
Knyazeva O. L., Makhaneva M. D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: Program. Educational and methodological manual. –
2nd ed., revised. T add. – St. Petersburg: Childhood – Press, 2002.
Karpenko M. T. Collection of riddles. M.: Education, 2986.
For moral and cultural education Russian classes are increasingly being taught to preschoolers in kindergartens folk holidays and rituals. With the help of such events, there is an excellent opportunity to introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture. This is extremely important in modern conditions, when there is such a lack of good, harmonious human relationships, the unity of man with nature and an understanding of the characteristics and values of the Russian national character.
Thus, summer folk holidays should not be ignored.
- “Kupala” (learning the skill of weaving wreaths, studying plants, reading fairy tales about mermaids);
- “Russian birch tree” (carrying out a ritual with tying ribbons on a birch tree and making wishes).
Autumn feast
Autumn is the time of harvest and... Our ancestors celebrated numerous autumn folk holidays and performed rituals. Basically, they were all dedicated to thanksgiving to Mother Earth for the harvest. The most significant holiday is Autumn. Studying such traditions helps to instill in children a love of work, nature, and to become familiar with the process of cultivating various garden crops. There is an opportunity to find out what clothes our ancestors wore when they worked the land, what clothes they wore when they sat down at the table, and what costume they wore for festive ceremonies.
- "Fair autumn harvest"(feast, quizzes on the topic);
- “Folk costume fashion show” (study of the details of Slavic clothing, competition - fashion show).
During such events, preschool children not only comprehend the spiritual traditions of their people, but also actively take part in active ancient games: tug of war, leapfrog, burners, towns.
Celebrate folk festivals in kindergarten it is extremely important for teachers. Through folklore, knowledge about the cultural traditions of the people is invested.
Video: Open lesson in kindergarten "Folk fun in Rus'"
Svetlana Klimova
Educational activities for children preparatory group"Folk holidays in Rus'"
Summary of GCD in preparatory group.
Completed: teacher Klimova S.S.
« Folk holidays in Rus'»
Conversation with children about Russians folk holidays(using multimedia).
Target: Create a motivational situation for the formation of ideas children about the values of folk culture.
Educational objectives: to interest children, what holidays are there in Rus'?(Christmas, Christmas fortune-telling, Kolyada, Magpies, Larks, about the customs and traditions of our people, introduce Russian traditions holidays, history of appearance.
Developmental tasks: develop cognitive interest children to the history and traditions of their people, develop speech children, improve coherent speech skills.
Educational tasks: instill love and interest in Russian traditions and customs people, introducing to the origins of spiritual culture, to cultivate a desire, to give gifts to loved ones and friends.
Vocabulary work: custom, good news, carols, roe deer, Christmastide, mummers, carolers.
Material used: Russian hut where OOD is carried out, folk costumes , slides with depicting festive Christmas festivities, Kolyada, Magpies, Larks, calendar national holidays, quiet music, "Ringing of Bells", colored pencils, paper.
Methods and techniques: game moment, artistic expression, viewing slides, conversation, explanation, examination, consolidation, encouragement, summary.
Preliminary work: learning by heart carols, poems about folk holidays, learning Russian folk games, pictures, postcards, reading fiction.
Scope of application: continuous educational activities with children.
Forms and methods of implementation: conversation with children about Russians folk holidays I decided to conduct it in the form of a TV show, because it helps create an atmosphere of psychological comfort and interest children, relaxed communication between children and adults.
Methods and techniques: visual method (slides national holidays, verbal method (conversation about traditions, rituals in Rus', practical method (drawing holiday cards, reception of emotional interest (interview of a child, use of sound effects (bells).
Educator: invites children to go on an unusual journey "History holidays in Rus'» . (Slide 1)
On Rus' people loved and love very much holidays. We enjoyed preparing for the arrival of our guests. Entire families went to visit, greeted with bows, greeted, and kissed those closest to them. They loved and love to treat guests heartily and tasty. They talked: “Help yourself to what God sent you”, “A hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies”,
“Don’t offend the owner, try our dishes”. They sang songs and danced.
Guys, do you love holidays? (answers children)
Why? (answers children)
Which ones do you know holidays? (answers children)
Educator: Well done, I was sure that you knew a lot holidays, which have been known since the time of our ancestors. Who are the ancestors? (answers children) I agree with you, but can I tell you a little more about them. Our ancestors are Russian people, they always revered holidays, that's just celebrated them a little differently, not like us modern people. Everything in the old days festive the days began with a solemn service in the church, and continued on the lawns, on the streets, in the fields. To the music folk instruments: balalaikas, accordions led round dances, sang, danced, started games. Both with the calendar and with human life are connected folk customs , as well as church sacraments, rituals and holidays. On Rus' the calendar was called a monthly calendar. The month covered the entire year of peasant life, "describing" by day month after month, where each day had its own holidays or weekdays, customs and superstitions, traditions and rituals, natural signs and phenomena. (Slide 2) People dressed up in their best festive clothes(shows illustrations, prepared in a special way holiday treat. The beggars were given gifts, the poor were fed for free, and was heard everywhere festive ringing of bells. Listen to the ringing of the bells. (Recording of bells ringing). (Slide 3) Guys, I also prepared bells for you (the children come up to the tables, take the bells, I suggest they perform their own bell ringing. You see, the work of a bell ringer is unusual and required a lot of skill and ear for music. What do you think? holiday depicted in these illustrations? (Answers children) . On the threshold of a large Christian holiday - Christmas. (Slide 4) One of the most famous and beloved holidays. Why this that's what the holiday is called? (Answers children) .
Listen to my story.
(The lights are turned off, the candles are lit, quiet music sounds. The teacher sits at the table on which the candle is burning. The children sit next to each other in a semicircle.) Educator: Christmas is religious holiday. The word Christmas itself suggests that someone was born. The birth of a child is always good news. According to biblical legend, on January 7, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was born to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the city of Bethlehem.
The news of the birth of Jesus was carried by heavenly angels. The Star of Bethlehem appeared in the sky. Christmas - holiday of believers in Christ. This is the expectation of happiness, peace, home warmth and family harmony.
Reading a poem "Christmas" G. Longfellow.
There is a Christmas haze all around.
Bells ring in the darkness,
And get along with them
The words sound:
“Peace on earth and happiness to all!”.
I felt like on this day
Life of cities and villages,
Having united, the call sounds:
“Peace on earth and happiness to all!”
Guys, what do you expect from this? holiday(answers children)
Educator: That's right, these are gifts for relatives and friends; cards, sweets, souvenirs.
Educator: Our grandparents love this one very much holiday- Christmas. It is also called winter holidays. Christmas time - this is from the word "saint". (Slide 5)
This the holiday was glorified, praised, glorified Christ, the New Year, the future harvest. The boys and girls dressed up animals: goat, bear, unclean force: Babu Yaga, kikimora, etc. They went home in groups, congratulations on holiday, wished the best with special songs - carols.
I know that you prepared carols. Children reciting carols by heart.
Kolyada, Kolyada.
On the eve of Christmas,
Good auntie
The pie is delicious.
Don't cut, don't break,
Serve it quickly!
Little boy
Sat down on a sheaf
plays the pipe
Kolyada is amusing.
Avsen, Avsen,
Tomorrow is a new day!
Don't stand at the gate
Tomorrow is New Year!
Educator: Carolers certainly get something edible: sweets, nuts and special ritual cookies, they were called kozuli - they were always prepared in every home for this occasion. These dough figures must be eaten right there, making a wish.
(A cheerful song of the storekeepers is heard.) Educator: Hear, the mummers are coming to us, let’s meet them. Enter carolers: Bear, Goat, Gypsy sing a song. (children with character attributes on their heads).
Kolyada, Kolyada,
open the gates
Who will give you the pie?
So the barn is full of cattle,
barn with oats.
A stallion with a tail.
We sow we sow
Happy New Year.
Educator: Hello, good people. Here you go treat: cheese and cookies, gingerbread, sweets. Children treat the mummers with sweets.
Educator: Let's play Russian folk game, which is called "Ivan"
This game uses a special counting system for choosing driving:
Ivan with a scythe
Don't go barefoot
And walk with shoes on,
Weave bast shoes for yourself.
If you are shod -
Wolves and foxes won't find
The bear won't find you
Come out, you'll burn!
The rest of the players call themselves various animals, some a wolf, some a bear, some a fox, some a hare, etc. "Ivan the Mower" picks up a wand or other object symbolizing "braid", and makes movements as if mowing.
"Beasts" talking with him:
Ivan the Mower, what are you doing?
I cut the grass.
Why are you mowing?
Feed the cows.
Why cows?
Give milk.
Why milk?
Make raw materials.
Why raw materials?
Feed the hunters.
Why feed the hunters?
Catch animals in the forest!
"Beasts" quickly scatter in all directions, and "Ivan the Mower" runs to look for and catch them. Having caught one of "beasts", he must guess which one it is "beast". If he guesses correctly, the person caught is eliminated from the game, and "Ivan the Mower" looking for others hiding "beasts".
Maslenitsa is one of my favorites national holidays of the Russian people, which from century to century conveys the state of the broad Russian soul, the traditions and customs of Russians. Maslenitsa is the last winter holiday, one of the most beloved and long-awaited in people's holiday, saying goodbye to snow and frost and welcoming spring. Oil week does not have a strict deadline celebrations and falls either at the end of February or at the beginning of March.
Maslenitsa on Rus' was called honest, wide and cheerful. And we always looked forward to its arrival.
Oil Week is full of customs and traditions! And they are different for every day.
(Slide 8,9). Would you like to learn about another old Russian holiday, about the treat that was being prepared this holiday. Please look at the slide (image - lark) . What is the name of this bird? (answers children) . But this is not just a bird - it is a memory of fallen soldiers. In March there is Christian folk holiday, dedicated to the lark.
March 22 – "Magpies". Why Magpies? (Demonstration illustrations: warriors of the Ancient Rus')
The teacher tells the children Russian folk epic. A very, very long time ago, one of the military leaders ordered a detachment of 40 brave warriors to sacrifice one of them to the gods. The warriors refused to do this and then all the warriors were killed. And I always loved my soldiers and defenders people, and people began to believe that 40 warriors of the squad did not die, but turned into larks. On this day, March 22, all fallen soldiers are remembered.
And the housewives baked special Lenten buns - "larks", with outstretched wings, as if flying, and even with tufts. Lenten treats were distributed to children. (Slide 10)
Like all Russians holidays On Soroki, children danced in circles and played games.
Guys, stand in a circle and let’s play the game “Lark.
Selected by counting "lark". He has a bell in his hand.
He enters the circle forms playing, and runs around in it. All They say:
A lark sang in the sky,
The bell rang.
Frolic in silence
I hid the song in the grass.
The one who finds the song
It will be fun all year long.
Then the players close their eyes.
"Lark" runs out of the circle and rings the bell. Then he carefully places it behind someone's back. The one who guesses who has the bell behind his back becomes "lark".
Educator: children, which one of you will remind me of which I haven’t mentioned the holiday yet(answers children) . Yes, it's Easter. Easter, the day of the Resurrection of Christ is the most important holiday Orthodox Church . This is precisely the main meaning of the Orthodox faith - God himself became man, died for us and, having risen, delivered people from the power of death and sin. Easter is holiday of holidays!
(Slide 11, 12)
Bottom line: Educator: our journey into the past has ended. It's time to return to the present. The music of the bells sounds (Slide 13) Guys, I want to hear your opinion about our trip. (answers children) How are you will celebrate national holidays? How kind kind words You you will tell your loved ones? What are you like you will give gifts to friends? (answers children, let's draw greeting card to your friends and loved ones. To which for the holiday you will draw cards, it's at your discretion.